Ranchi

This article is about the Indian city. For other uses, see Ranchi (disambiguation).
Ranchi
राँची
Metropolis

Ranchi skyline
Nickname(s): City of waterfalls
Ranchi
Ranchi

Location in Jharkhand

Coordinates: 23°22′N 85°20′E / 23.36°N 85.33°E / 23.36; 85.33Coordinates: 23°22′N 85°20′E / 23.36°N 85.33°E / 23.36; 85.33
Country India
State Jharkhand
District Ranchi
Government
 • Body Ranchi Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Asha Lakra
 • Deputy mayor Sanjeev Vijayvargiya
Area
 • Metropolis 175 km2 (68 sq mi)
Elevation 651 m (2,136 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Metropolis 1,073,440
 • Rank 38th
 • Density 6,100/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
 • Metro[2] 1,126,741 (39th)
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 834001(83 xxxx)
Telephone code +91-651
Vehicle registration JH 01 [earlier BR 14]
Sex ratio(per 1000 male) 950
Literacy 87.68 %
Website www.ranchi.nic.in

Ranchi (/ˈrɑːntʃi/ ) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand, and its third most populous city of the state. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement,[3] which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal & the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.

The name Ranchi is derived from the previous name of the Oraon village at the same site, Archi.[4] "Archi" derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished. Archi became Rachi, which became Ranchi.[5] One of the historically significant neighbourhoods of Rachi is Doranda (duran "दुरङ" means song and daah "दअः" means water in the Mundari language). Doranda lies between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny.[6]

Ranchi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. [7]

Geography

Ranchi lies at 23°22′N 85°20′E / 23.36°N 85.33°E / 23.36; 85.33 near to the Tropic of Cancer . Its municipal area is 175.12 square kilometers, and its average elevation is 651 m above sea level.

Ranchi is located in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, which is the eastern section of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi is known as the "City of Waterfalls" because of its numerous waterfalls, the most well known of which are Dassam Falls, Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, Hirni Falls, and Panchghagh Falls.

The Subarnarekha river and its tributaries like Jumar constitute the local river system. The channels Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been dammed to create reservoirs that supply water for sanitation, drinking to the majority of the population.

Ranchi has a hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However due to the uncontrolled afforestation, and development of the city, the average temperature has increased.[8] During the period of British rule, it was accorded a 'hill station' status. Since that time, rapid population growth and industrialisation have caused a marked change in its weather patterns and an increase in average temperature. This has resulted in gradual loss of its eligibility for "hill station" status.

Climate

Ranchi
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
22
 
 
23
10
 
 
24
 
 
25
12
 
 
23
 
 
31
17
 
 
27
 
 
36
21
 
 
60
 
 
37
23
 
 
251
 
 
33
24
 
 
342
 
 
29
23
 
 
341
 
 
29
22
 
 
266
 
 
29
22
 
 
80
 
 
29
19
 
 
14
 
 
26
14
 
 
12
 
 
23
10
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD

Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate, its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it's known. Its climate is the primary reason why Ranchi was once the summer capital of the undivided State of Bihar and was designated a preferable "hill station". Summer temperatures range from 20 °C to 42 degrees, winter temperatures from 0 °C to 25 degrees. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas. The annual rainfall is about 1430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cwa"(Humid Subtropical Climate).[9]

Climate data for Ranchi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4)		 25.4
(77.7)		 31.4
(88.5)		 35.4
(95.7)		 36.6
(97.9)		 33.3
(91.9)		 29.4
(84.9)		 28.8
(83.8)		 29.0
(84.2)		 28.7
(83.7)		 26.1
(79)		 23.2
(73.8)		 29.3
(84.7)
Average low °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 15.0
(59)		 20.1
(68.2)		 23.0
(73.4)		 23.4
(74.1)		 22.4
(72.3)		 22.1
(71.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 17.2
(63)		 12.0
(53.6)		 8.5
(47.3)		 18.1
(64.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 21.8
(0.858)		 24.4
(0.961)		 22.8
(0.898)		 27.3
(1.075)		 59.6
(2.346)		 250.9
(9.878)		 341.9
(13.461)		 341.3
(13.437)		 266.2
(10.48)		 80.2
(3.157)		 14.4
(0.567)		 11.9
(0.469)		 1,462.8
(57.591)
Source: IMD

Demographics

As per latest 2011 India census,[10] Ranchi municipal corporation has a population of 1,120,374,[11] making it the 46th largest urban city in India. Males constitute 51.3% of the population and females 48.7%.Ranchi city has an average literacy rate of 87.68% (census 2011).

The city witnessed a sudden surge in population after the declaration of the new state of Jharkhand in 2000. Owing to the rising employment opportunities and opening of numerous regional and state level offices, banks, and FMCG companies, the city witnessed a rapid influx of employment seeking migrants. As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was one of the highest employment generating Tier-III city in India with a share of 16.8%, followed by Mangalore and Mysore.[12]

Transportation

Airways

Ranchi Airport Main Terminal

Birsa Munda Airport (IXR) of Ranchi has direct flights from Patna, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Chennai, Jammu and Goa. Few major airlines like Air India, GoAir, Indigo and Jet Airways serve this purpose. A new domestic terminal is now ready which is spread over 19,676 square metres of land furnished with imported equipment, and has the capacity to handle 500 domestic passengers.[13]

Railways

Ranchi Railway Station is well connected with direct trains from Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and other major cities. It consist of 6 platforms with all standards necessities. It is also well connected to Ranchi Airport and Bus Terminals. The Ranchi Railway station cater to 36 halting trains, 27 originating trains and 27 terminating trains.[14] Apart from Ranchi Railway Staion, Hatia Railway Staion is also a major railway station in Ranchi.

Research institutions

Education

Higher educational institutions

IIM Ranchi
XISS, Ranchi

Public libraries

Sports

Ranchi is centre for numerous sports activities, including cricket, hockey, football, and many others.[16] The 34th National Games were successfully held in Ranchi in February 2011.

An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed. So far, this stadium has hosted three One day International matches and one T20 International match. Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches for KKR, three champions league 2013 matches and Celebrity Cricket League Matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A tennis academy, which was inaugurated by Sania Mirza and Shoaib Malik, also runs besides the cricket stadium.[17]

The Ranchi franchise for Hockey India League was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named Ranchi Rhinos.[18]

Sports teams

Stadiums in Ranchi

Media

Radio

Ranchi has the following FM radio stations: (Listed in increasing order of frequency)

Internet service providers

Tourist attractions

Hundru Fall.
Sita fall.
Jagannathpur Temple

Festivals

Notable people

Cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni is from Ranchi

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011" (PDF). The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  2. ↑ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  3. ↑ "Jharkhand Movement". Country Studies. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
  4. ↑ Cultural Configuration of Ranchi, Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Rajendra Behari Lal, India. Planning Commission. Research Programmes Committee, 1969, pg 306.
  5. ↑ Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society Of Bengal, Volume 4, No. 11, 1927, "The Etymology of Ranchi", pg 601.
  6. ↑ Kaye's and Malleson's history of the Indian mutiny of 1857–8, Volume 4, By Sir John William Kaye, George Bruce Malleson, W.H. Allen, 1889, pg 95.
  7. ↑ http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html
  8. ↑ "Sultry weather likely to continue in city, for now - Times of India". Retrieved 2016-06-24.
  9. ↑ Climate Summary for Ranchi (from Weatherbase.com)
  10. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  11. ↑ http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/113-ranchi.html
  12. ↑ Assocham report, 2010 Archived 14 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ↑ "Ranchi ready with state-of-the-art airport". The Times Of India. 2012-04-04.
  14. ↑ http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/ranchi-junction-rnc/384
  15. ↑ "IINRG". Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  16. ↑ "Sports".
  17. ↑ "Sania and Shoaib in Ranchi".
  18. ↑ "Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League". The Times Of India. 2012-09-14.
  19. ↑ "Crocodile Breeding Centre, Muta". Tripadvisor. Retrieved 2016-08-08.
  20. ↑ http://www.jharwildlife.in/2014-10-09-13-56-25/2014-10-11-14-37-18/crocodile.html
  21. ↑ "Rajesh Chauhan". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
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