Rada
Rada is the term for "parliament" or "assembly" or some other "council" in several Slavic languages. Normally it is translated as "council". Sometimes it corresponds to "parliament", or in Soviet Union contexts, to "soviet". It also carries a meaning of advice, as in the English word "counsel".
Etymology
Old High German rāt (from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz) passed (possibly through Polish) into Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian languages.
Råd in Norwegian/Danish/Swedish and Rat in German, Raati in Finnish and Raad in Estonia/Dutch means "council" or "assembly" but also "advice", as it does in East Slavic (except Russian) and West Slavic, but not in South Slavic languages.
In Swedish the verb råda (to council) is based on the substantive råd. This is similar to Danish; "råd" (noun) and "råde" (verb).
Examples
In Belarus
- Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, provisional parliament of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (now in exile)
- Belarusian Central Rada, the government of Belarus from 1943–44, which was established by Nazi Germany
- Česká národní rada, parliament of the Czech Socialist Republic (1969–1990) and the Czech Republic (1990–1992)
In Poland
- Rada Główna Opiekuńcza (Central Welfare Council)
- Rada Jedności Narodowej (Council of National Unity)
- Rada Polityki Pieniężnej (Monetary Policy Council)
- Rada Trzech (Council of Three)
In Slovakia
- Slovenská národná rada (1848–1849)
- Slovenská národná rada (1941)
- Slovenská národná rada (1918)
- Slovenská národná rada (1920)
- Slovenská národná rada (1932)
- Slovenská národná rada (1939–1940)
- Slovenská národná rada (1943–1960)
- Slovenská národná rada (1943–1992)
- Národná rada Slovenskej republiky, the parliament of the Slovak Republic (1992–)
In Ukraine
- Sich Rada (Council of Zaporizhian Sich), Cossack Rada
- Tsentralna Rada (Central Council), parliament of the Ukrainian People's Republic
- Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council), the parliament of Ukraine
Historically, the Verkhovna Rada was also the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Українська Радянська Соціалістична Республіка [УРСР], Ukrayins'ka Radyans'ka Sotsialistychna Respublika [URSR]), which was itself part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік, [СРСР]), the word rada replacing the Russian word soviet in both cases. See official names of the Soviet Union.