Quadrangular castle

Bolton Castle, in England.

A quadrangular castle or courtyard castle is a type of castle characterised by ranges of buildings which are integral with the curtain walls, enclosing a central ward or quadrangle, and typically with angle towers. There is no keep and frequently no distinct gatehouse. The quadrangular form predominantly dates from the mid to late fourteenth century and signals the transition from defensively to domestically oriented great houses. The four walls are also known as ranges.

Quadrangular castles typically display a sophisticated and complex approach to the planning of internal social spaces.[1][2] There are many quadrangular castles around Britain, for example: Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, and Bolton Castle.

The 27 quadrangular castles identified by John Rickard as being built in England consist roughly 10% of the castles built in the country between 1272 and 1422. No castles of this design were built in Wales.[3]

One of the earliest quadrangular castles in Germany is Neuleiningen, of which substantial ruins remain.

List of quadrangular castles

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County Durham

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Lumley Castle County Durham 1389 54°51′17″N 1°33′11″W / 54.8547°N 1.55293°W / 54.8547; -1.55293
Raby Castle County Durham 1378 54°35′27″N 1°48′07″W / 54.590833333333°N 1.8019444444444°W / 54.590833333333; -1.8019444444444

North Yorkshire

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Danby Castle North Yorkshire 1400 54°27′20″N 0°53′43″W / 54.4555°N 0.895197°W / 54.4555; -0.895197
Sheriff Hutton Castle North Yorkshire
Ryedale		 1382 54°05′17″N 1°00′19″W / 54.0881°N 1.00519°W / 54.0881; -1.00519

Northumberland

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Chillingham Castle Northumberland 1344 55°31′34″N 1°54′18″W / 55.526°N 1.905°W / 55.526; -1.905
Ford Castle Northumberland 1338 55°37′53″N 2°05′25″W / 55.6314°N 2.09025°W / 55.6314; -2.09025

South Oxfordshire

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Greys Court South Oxfordshire 1348 51°32′42″N 0°57′22″W / 51.545°N 0.956164°W / 51.545; -0.956164
Shirburn Castle South Oxfordshire 1338 51°39′27″N 0°59′38″W / 51.6576°N 0.9938°W / 51.6576; -0.9938

West Dorset

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Chideock Castle West Dorset 1375s 50°44′03″N 2°49′06″W / 50.7343°N 2.81825°W / 50.7343; -2.81825
Woodsford Castle West Dorset 1336 50°42′45″N 2°20′38″W / 50.7126°N 2.34389°W / 50.7126; -2.34389

Misc

Article Place inception coordinate location image
Bodiam Castle East Sussex 1385 51°00′08″N 0°32′37″E / 51.0023°N 0.54351944444444°E / 51.0023; 0.54351944444444
Bolton Castle Richmondshire 1379 54°19′20″N 1°57′00″W / 54.3221°N 1.94991°W / 54.3221; -1.94991
Caverswall Castle Staffordshire Moorlands 1275 52°58′57″N 2°04′29″W / 52.9826°N 2.0746°W / 52.9826; -2.0746
Cawood Castle Selby 1378 53°49′53″N 1°07′40″W / 53.8313°N 1.1278°W / 53.8313; -1.1278
Cooling Castle Medway 1380s 51°27′19″N 0°31′23″E / 51.4554°N 0.523084°E / 51.4554; 0.523084
Farleigh Hungerford Castle Mendip 1383 51°19′03″N 2°17′13″W / 51.3174°N 2.2869°W / 51.3174; -2.2869
Greystoke Castle Eden
Cumbria		 1353 54°40′12″N 2°52′39″W / 54.67°N 2.87757°W / 54.67; -2.87757
Hartley Castle Cumbria 1353 54°28′09″N 2°20′12″W / 54.4691°N 2.33655°W / 54.4691; -2.33655
Hemyock Castle Mid Devon 1380 50°54′45″N 3°13′54″W / 50.9125°N 3.23156°W / 50.9125; -3.23156
Hever Castle Hever 1271 51°11′13″N 0°06′50″E / 51.186944°N 0.113889°E / 51.186944; 0.113889
Maxstoke Castle Warwickshire 1345 52°29′58″N 1°40′18″W / 52.4994°N 1.67167°W / 52.4994; -1.67167
Moor End Castle Northamptonshire 1347 52°05′42″N 0°54′01″W / 52.0949°N 0.900155°W / 52.0949; -0.900155
Ravensworth Castle Tyne and Wear 1350s 54°55′34″N 1°38′18″W / 54.9262°N 1.6384°W / 54.9262; -1.6384
Somerton Castle North Kesteven 1281 53°07′03″N 0°34′34″W / 53.1174°N 0.57616°W / 53.1174; -0.57616
Starborough Castle Surrey 1341 51°10′42″N 0°02′19″E / 51.1783°N 0.0386396°E / 51.1783; 0.0386396
Westenhanger Castle Kent 1343 51°05′42″N 1°01′50″E / 51.0951°N 1.03053°E / 51.0951; 1.03053
Wingfield Castle Mid Suffolk 1384 52°20′52″N 1°15′41″E / 52.3479°N 1.2614°E / 52.3479; 1.2614
Woodcroft Castle Cambridgeshire 1280 52°37′35″N 0°19′02″W / 52.6263°N 0.3172°W / 52.6263; -0.3172
Wressle Castle East Riding of Yorkshire 1390s 53°46′32″N 0°55′45″W / 53.7755°N 0.929291°W / 53.7755; -0.929291
End of auto-generated list.

References

  1. ↑ Faulkner, P (1958). "Domestic planning from the 12th to the 14th centuries". Archaeological Journal. 115: 150–83.
  2. ↑ Faulkner, P (1963). "Castle planning in the fourteenth century". Archaeological Journal. 120: 215–35.
  3. ↑ Rickard, John (2002). The castle community: the personnel of English and Welsh castles : 1272 - 1422 (1. publ. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell. p. 21. ISBN 9780851159133.
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