Qiu Fengjia

Qiu Fengjia

Qiu Fengjia (Chinese: 丘逢甲; pinyin: Qiū Féngjiǎ; Wade–Giles: Ch'iu Feng-Chia) (26 December 1864 – 25 February 1912) was a Taiwanese Hakka−Chinese patriot, educator, and poet.

History

He was born in Aulang Town (Chinese: 後壟堡), Tamsui Ting, Taiwan Prefecture, Fujian Province (modern-day Tongluo, Miaoli County, Taiwan) with ancestry from Jiaoling, Guangdong, in 1864, during Qing rule.

Qiu advocated and organized the setting up of militia forces in Taiwan and sold his property assets for the cause. By 1894, there were 140 camps of militia forces totally 100 000 men in Taiwan. Following the Qing dynasty's cession of Formosa (Taiwan) and the Pescadores to Japan in April 1895 at the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, the Republic of Formosa was formed. Tang Ching-sung, the Qing governor of Taiwan, was appointed as President, with Qiu as Vice-President and Liu Yongfu, commander of the armed forces. Qiu was also the commander of the militia forces.

Tang was suspicious of Liu Yongfu who had won fame as a Chinese patriot fighting against the French in northern Vietnam (Tonkin) in the 1870s and early 1880s. Liu was sent to defend Tainan in southern Taiwan. The Japanese attacked Keelung in northern Taiwan and easily defeated Tang's ill-discipline forces. Tang quickly fled Taiwan after the defeat. Qiu led the militia forces to continue the fighting but was advised by his father to leave Taiwan so that he can make a comeback another time. The militia forces, including women in its ranks, continued the resistance for many months, and inflicted 30 000 deaths on the invading Japanese army. This figure was many times higher than the Japanese losses in the First Sino-Japanese War against the Qing forces.

Qiu was later involved in Xinhai revolution and was Guangdong Representative for the Republic of China Provisional Presidential Election in 1911. He later became a member of the government of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

Feng Chia University in Taichung, Taiwan is named in honor of him.

References

• ChinaTaiwan.org
• China History Forum

Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
Background	Taiwan Expedition of 1874 Sino-French War First Sino-Japanese War Treaty of Shimonoseki Republic of Formosa
Military and political developments	Pescadores Keelung Hsinchu Baguashan Yunlin-Chiayi Chiayi Chiatung Tainan Changhsing
Japanese personalities	Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa Arichi Shinanojo Kabayama Sukenori Nogi Maresuke Takashima Tomonosuke
Chinese and Taiwanese personalities	Liu Yongfu Tang Ching-sung Qiu Fengjia Lin Shao-mao