Prague Metro

Prague Metro

Metro M1 in Střížkov station on line C
Overview
Native name	Pražské metro
Locale	Prague, Czech Republic
Transit type	Rapid transit (subway)
Number of lines	3[1] (plus 1 approved)
Number of stations	61[1]
Annual ridership	589.2 million (2012)[2]
Website	Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy
Operation
Began operation	9 May 1974 (line C) 12 August 1978 (line A) 2 November 1985 (line B) [3]
Operator(s)	Dopravní podnik hl. m. Prahy (Prague Transport Company)
Number of vehicles	730[4]
Technical
System length	65.2 km (40.5 mi)[1]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Top speed	80 kilometres per hour (50 mph)
System map Legend C Letňany Prosek Černý Most B Střížkov Rajská zahrada Ládví Hloubětín Kobylisy Kolbenova Vysočanská A Nemocnice Motol Českomoravská Petřiny Palmovka Nádraží Veleslavín Invalidovna Bořislavka Křižíkova Dejvická Hradčanská Nádraží Holešovice Malostranská Vltavská Vltava River Florenc Staroměstská Hlavní nádraží Náměstí Republiky Můstek Národní třída Muzeum Karlovo náměstí Náměstí Míru Anděl Jiřího z Poděbrad Smíchovské nádraží Flora Radlická Želivského Jinonice Strašnická Nové Butovice Skalka Hůrka Depo Hostivař A Lužiny Luka I. P. Pavlova Stodůlky Vyšehrad B Zličín Pražského povstání Pankrác Budějovická Kačerov Roztyly Chodov Opatov Háje C

The Prague Metro (Czech: Pražské metro) is the rapid transit network of Prague, Czech Republic. Founded in 1974,^[3] the Prague Metro now comprises three lines (A, B and C), serving 61 stations (predominantly with island platform), and consists of a transit network 65.2 kilometres (40.5 mi) long.^[1] Prague Metro system served 589.2 million passengers in 2012 (about 1.6 million daily),^[2] making it the fifth busiest metro system in Europe.^[5]

Two types of metro trains are used on the lines of the Prague Metro: 81-71M (a completely modernized variant of the original 81-71) and from 2000 new Metro M1. All the lines are controlled automatically from the central dispatching, the driver is only responsible for opening and closing doors.^[6]

Basic information

The Prague Metro has three lines, each represented by its own colour on the maps and signs: Line A (green, 17 stations, 17 km), Line B (yellow, 24 stations, 26 km) and Line C (red, 20 stations, 22 km). There are 61 stations in total (three of which are transfer stations) connected by nearly 66 kilometres of mostly underground railways. The metro service operates from 4-5 am until midnight, with about 110 to 200-second intervals between trains and 4-10 minutes off the rush hours.^[7] Nearly 600 million passengers use the Prague Metro every year (about 1.6 million daily).

The metro is run by the Prague Public Transit Company Co. Inc. (in Czech, Dopravní podnik hlavního města Prahy a.s.) which manages all means of public transport around the city (the metro, tramways, buses, five ferries, the funicular to Petřín Hill and the chairlift inside Prague Zoo).

Since 1993, this system has been connected to commuter trains and buses and also to "park-and-ride" parking lots. Together they form an extensive public transportation network reaching further from the city, called Prague Integrated Transport (in Czech Pražská integrovaná doprava—PID). Whilst the large system is zonally priced, the metro is entirely inside the central zone.

Many Prague Metro stations are quite large, with several entrances spaced relatively far apart. This can often lead to confusion for those unfamiliar with the system, especially at the central hubs such as Můstek or Muzeum. In general the stations are well signposted even for those unfamiliar with the Czech language. In the centre is planned introduction of multilingual signs. The Prague metro is very safe.^[8]

System layout and stations

The Prague Metro system is laid out as a triangle, with all three lines meeting in the centre of the city at three interchange stations. Each interchange station has two halls, one hall for each line. The depth of the stations (and the connecting lines) varies considerably. The deepest station is Náměstí Míru, located 52 metres (171 ft) under the ground. Parts of the tracks in the city centre were mostly bored using the tunnelling shield. Outer parts were dug by the cut-and-cover method and the stations are only a few metres under the surface. Part of Line B runs in a glassed-in tunnel above the ground.

Most stations usually have a single island platform in the centre of the station hall (tunnel) serving both directions. The sub-surface stations have a straight ceiling sometimes supported by columns. The deep-level stations are larger tunnels with the track tunnels on each side. The walls of many stations are decorated using coloured aluminium panels; each station has its own colour. Some stations are considered among the finest in Europe.^[9]

Prague Metro

Line	Color	Opened	Year of last expansion	Route	Length	Stations
Line A	Green	1978[3]	2015[10]	Nemocnice Motol ↔ Depo Hostivař[10]	17.1 km (11 mi)[10]	17[10]
Line B	Yellow	1985[3]	1998	Zličín ↔ Černý Most	25.6 km (16 mi)[11]	24
Line C	Red	1974[3]	2008	Letňany ↔ Háje	22.4 km (14 mi)[11]	20
TOTAL					65.2 km (40.5 mi)[1]	61[1]

Rolling stock

Service is provided entirely with two kinds of five-car units. Prague Transport Company (DPP) currently owns 265 units of type M1 and 465 units of type 81-71M.^[4]

Metro M1

Metro M1 has served on line C since 2000; it completely replaced older cars on this line in 2003. The metro kits were developed specially for Prague. Prague Transport Company (DPP) owns 53 units of this type. These units were manufactured in Prague by consortium consisting of ČKD Praha, ADtranz and Siemens (during the contract Siemens acquired ČKD Praha) mainly between 2000 and 2003. The length of the unit is 96.66 meters, acceleration is 1.3 m/s. Maximal capacity of all the kit is 1464 people (224 sitting, 1240 standing).^[12] This unit was also adapted for use in Venezuela on the Maracaibo Metro.

81-71M

81-71M is modernized variant of the old Soviet 81-71 trains with new motor, technical equipment, interior and exterior. It has served on line A and line B since 1996. The modernization conducted Škoda Transportation between 1996 and 2011. Prague Transport Company owns 93 units 81-71M. The length of the unit is 96.11 metres, acceleration is identical to Metro M1, 1.3 m/s. Similar reconstructions were also made in the Tbilisi metro and Yerevan metro.

Previously in service

• 81-71, old Soviet trains manufactured by Metrovagonmash that served only on line B were gradually phased out and replaced by the modernized versions. Their service ended on 2 July 2009. One vehicle is stored in the Museum of Prague public transport.
• Ečs, Soviet trains manufactured by Metrovagonmash, that ran on line C, in service from 1974-1997. One vehicle is also stored in the Museum of Prague public transport.

History

19th and 20th centuries

Although the Prague Metro system is relatively new, the idea of underground transport in Prague dates back many years. The first proposal to build a sub-surface railway was made by Ladislav Rott in 1898. He encouraged the city council to take the advantage of the fact that parts of the central city were already being dug up for sewer work. Rott wanted them to start digging tunnels for the railway at the same time. However, the plan was denied by the city authorities. Another proposal in 1926, by Bohumil Belada and Vladimír List, was the first to use the term "Metro", and though it was not accepted either, it served as an impulse for moving towards a real solution of the rapidly developing transport in Prague. In the 1930s and 1940s, intensive projection and planning works were being held, taking into account two possible solutions: an underground tramway (regular rolling stock going under ground in the city center, nowadays described as a "pre-metro") and a "true" metro having its own independent system of railways. After World War II, all work was stopped due to the poor economic situation of the country, although the three lines, A, B and C, had been almost fully designed.

In the early 1960s the concept of the sub-surface tramway was finally accepted and on 9 August 1967 the building of the first station (Hlavní nádraží) started. However, in the same year, a substantial change in the concept came, as the government, under the influence of Soviet advisers, decided to build a true metro system instead of an underground tramway. Thus, during the first years, the construction continued while the whole project was conceptually transformed. Regular service on the first section of Line C began on 9 May 1974 between Sokolovská (now Florenc) and Kačerov stations.^[3]

Building continued quite rapidly after that. In 1978 the first section of Line A was opened and, finally, line B opened in 1985, thus forming the triangle with three crossing points. Since then, the lines have been extended outwards from the center. In 1980 and 1990, line A was extended from Náměstí Míru to east to the terminal stations Želivského and Skalka. Line B was extended from Nové Butovice to Zličín in 1994 and from Českomoravská to Černý Most in 1998. Kolbenova and Hloubětín stations were opened in 2001. Expansion of the line C was carried out in 1980 (Kačerov - Háje) and 1984 (Sokolovská (now Florenc) - Nádraží Holešovice).

On 22 February 1990, 11 station names reflecting communist ideology were changed to be politically neutral. For example, Leninova station, which contained a giant bust of Vladimir Lenin before the Velvet Revolution, was renamed Dejvická after a nearby street and surrounding neighbourhood.

21st century

In August 2002, the metro suffered disastrous flooding that struck parts of Bohemia and other areas in Central Europe (see 2002 European flood). 19 stations were flooded, causing a partial collapse of the transport system in Prague; the damage to the metro has been estimated at approximately 7 billion CZK (over US$200 million). The affected sections of the metro stayed out of service for several months; the last station (Křižíkova, located in the most-damaged area - Karlín) reopened in March 2003. Small gold plates have been placed at some stations to show the highest water level of the flood. The service was suspended between:

• Radlická and Kolbenova on Line B
• Malostranská and Náměstí Míru on Line A
• Hlavní nádraží and Nádraží Holešovice on Line C (before the extension to Ládví in 2004 and to Letňany in 2008)

A northern extension of Line C was opened on 26 June 2004, with two more stations, Kobylisy and Ládví. New tunnels were built under the Vltava river using a unique "ejecting-tunnels" technology. First, a trench was excavated in the riverbed and the concrete tunnels constructed in dry docks on the riverbank. Then the docks were flooded, and the floating tunnels were moved as a rigid complex to their final position, sunk, anchored and covered.^[13]

Line A was extended to the east in the 2000s. On 26 May 2006, a new terminus, Depo Hostivař, opened. The station is constructed within the railway depot.

Line C was extended to the northeast to connect the city center to the large housing blocks at Prosek. Three stations (Střížkov, Prosek and Letňany) opened on 8 May 2008.

A number of stations were closed due to the flooding in June 2013.^[14] Replacement buses ran between Dejvická and Muzeum on line A, Českomoravská and Smíchovské nádraží on line B and Kobylisy and Muzeum on line C due to closed sections of the track.^[15]

In April 2015, line A was extended westwards from Dejvická to Nemocnice Motol with four new stations: Bořislavka, Nádraží Veleslavín, Petřiny, and Nemocnice Motol. The Nádraží Veleslavín station is also the new terminus of the 119 bus to Václav Havel Airport.

Tickets

The Prague Metro operates on a proof-of-payment system, which is identical for the entire Prague Integrated Transport (PID). Passengers must buy and validate a ticket before entering a station's paid area. There are uniformed and plainclothes fare inspectors who can randomly check passengers' tickets within the paid area.

Basic single tickets cost 32 CZK (as of 1 May 2014) for a 90-minute ride or 24 CZK for a 30-minute ride. In November 2007 SMS purchase for basic single transfer tickets and day tickets was introduced.^[16]

Short-term tourist passes are available for periods of 24 hours (110 CZK) and 3 days (310 CZK).

Longer-term season tickets can be bought on the smart ticketing system Opencard, for periods of one month (550 CZK), three months (1480 CZK) or the discounted annual pass for 3650 CZK (10 CZK/day).^[17]

The tickets are the same for all means of transport in Prague (metro, trams, buses, funiculars and ferries).

Future plans

The first phase of a CZK 18.7 billion extension on the west end of the A line, from Dejvická to Nemocnice Motol, was opened to the public on the afternoon of 6 April 2015.^[18] The second phase of the extension is planned from the Nemocnice Motol to the Václav Havel Airport Prague, but it is very likely that this extension won't be built and the airport will be serviced by a railway instead.^[19]

Line D

There are plans to build a new line, Line D (blue line). Line D would connect the city centre to southern parts of the city. According to current plans, the line will start in the center and will lead to Vršovice, Krč, Libuš and Písnice. There will be 10 stations: Náměstí Míru (transfer to line A), Náměstí bratří Synků, Pankrác (transfer to line C), Olbrachtova, Nádraží Krč, Nemocnice Krč, Nové Dvory, Libuš, Písnice and Depo Písnice. Metro D is very important for improving the traffic situation in the southern and southeastern part of the city. In the second stage it is planned to extend this line to Náměstí Republiky (Republic square) or south of Prague. The first stage of Metro D construction will probably start in 2017.^[20]

Planned line	Name	Note	Length	Number of stations
Line D	Line D (blue)	Proposal will connect the city centre to its southern parts	10.5 km (7 mi)[11]	10

There are also plans to line E, which will probably be circular. The exact route has not yet been determined. In the beginning of the 21st century, there were discussions regarding it in the connection with plans to organise the Summer Olympic Games in Prague.

Features

"Můstek" means "little bridge" and refers to the area around the Můstek station. The origin of the area's name was not known until remains of a medieval bridge were discovered during construction of the station. The remains were incorporated into the station and can be seen near the northwestern exit of the station.

The escalator at Náměstí Míru (Square of Peace) station in Vinohrady is the longest escalator in the European Union (length 87 m, vertical span 43.5 m, 533 steps, taking 2 minutes and 15 seconds to ascend).^[21][22] Náměstí Míru is also the deepest station of the European Union (53 metres).

Between I. P. Pavlova and Vyšehrad stations, Line C runs inside the box structure of the Nusle Bridge over a steep valley.

The terminal station Depo Hostivař was constructed within the buildings of an existing railway depot. The extension is the first segment of the system to be built above ground and not through a tunnel. This station is also interesting that there are not reversing tracks and the train departs from the same track on which arrived.

Anděl station was known as Moskevská (Moscow Station) until 1990. It opened on the same day in 1985 as the Prazhskaya (Prague) station on the Moscow Metro. It contains several pieces of propaganda art promoting Soviet-Czechoslovak friendship. Anděl station, like the Smíchov train station, contains some of the best-preserved examples of Communist-era propaganda art remaining in Prague.

During the communist period rumours circulated that large "survival chambers" were being built for high officials of the government in the case of a nuclear attack. After the fall of communism such areas were shown indeed to exist, but not on the scale envisioned nor fitted out in luxury.

Announcements

The announcement made through the public address system when the doors are closing, Ukončete, prosím, výstup a nástup, dveře se zavírají ("Please finish exiting and boarding, the doors are closing") has become a symbol of Prague for some tourists, and is possibly the first clear Czech phrase many travelers hear. The announcement is similar since 1974, when the first line of metro was opened. The announcements voiced on line B: Eva Jurinová, on line A: Světlana Lavičková and on line C: Tomáš Černý.^[23]

Other announcements are: Vystupujte prosím vpravo, ve směru jízdy ("Exit on the right side of driving direction"), Konečná stanice, prosíme, vystupte ("Terminal station, please exit the train") and Přestup na linky S a další vlakové spoje ("Transfer to S lines and other train services").

See also

• List of metro systems
• Line A (Prague Metro)
• Line B (Prague Metro)
• Line C (Prague Metro)
• Trams in Prague
• Buses in Prague
• Prague

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prague Metro.

• Interactive Prague Metro Map
• Prague Public Transit Co. Inc. –official site including maps, fare information, etc.
• DP-Praha Fares (English)
• www.metroweb.cz – pages of Czech metrophiles with plenty of information and pictures (in Czech, with some information available in English)
• Floods in Prague Metro 2002 - photogallery
• Architecture photo series of all stations of the Prague Metro

← direction Nemocnice Motol	Prague Metro – line A	direction Depo Hostivař →
	Metro stops on this line
Nemocnice Motol  – Petřiny  – Nádraží Veleslavín  – Bořislavka  – Dejvická  – Hradčanská – Malostranská – Staroměstská – Můstek B – Muzeum C  – Náměstí Míru – Jiřího z Poděbrad – Flora – Želivského – Strašnická  – Skalka  - Depo Hostivař

← direction Zličín	Prague Metro – line B	direction Černý Most →
	Metro stops on this line
Zličín  – Stodůlky  – Luka  – Lužiny  – Hůrka  – Nové Butovice  – Jinonice – Radlická – Smíchovské nádraží  – Anděl – Karlovo náměstí – Národní třída  – Můstek A – Náměstí Republiky – Florenc C – Křižíkova – Invalidovna – Palmovka – Českomoravská – Vysočanská  – Kolbenova  – Hloubětín  – Rajská zahrada  – Černý Most

← direction Letňany	Prague Metro – line C	direction Háje →
	Metro stops on this line
Letňany  - Prosek  - Střížkov  - Ládví  – Kobylisy  – Nádraží Holešovice  – Vltavská  – Florenc B  – Hlavní nádraží  – Muzeum A  – I. P. Pavlova – Vyšehrad  – Pražského povstání – Pankrác  – Budějovická  – Kačerov – Roztyly  – Chodov  – Opatov  – Háje