Population Matters

Population Matters

Founded	1991 (1991)
Founder	David Willey
Type	Environmental charity Sustainability organisation Think tank Advocacy group
Focus	Promotion of smaller families,[1] and sustainable consumption.[2]
Location	United Kingdom
Method	Research, education, campaigning and lobbying
Key people	Chair, Andrew Macnaughton
Slogan	for a sustainable future
Website	populationmatters.org
Formerly called	Optimum Population Trust

Population Matters, formerly known as the Optimum Population Trust, is a UK-based charity that addresses population size and its effects on environmental sustainability. It considers population growth as a major contributor to environmental degradation, resource depletion, conflict and involuntary migration and societal problems such as housing scarcity and transport congestion.

History and background

Population Matters was launched as the Optimum Population Trust following a meeting on 24 July 1991 by the late David Willey and others concerned about population numbers and sustainability. They were impelled to act by the failure of United Kingdom governments to respond to a series of recommendations regarding population growth and sustainability.^[3]

The Optimum Population Trust prepared analyses and lobbied on issues affected by population growth. It also lobbied developmental and environmental campaigners on the need to incorporate population issues in their thinking. It was granted charitable status on 9 May 2006.^[4] Population Matters was adopted as its campaign name in 2011.^[5]

Views and aims

Population Matters aims to achieve a future with decent living standards for all, a healthy and biodiverse environment and a sustainable population size.^[6] The charity holds the following policy positions:

Population

Population growth increases damages to the environment and depletes natural resources. Therefore, human numbers should be reduced voluntarily to a sustainable level that enables an acceptable quality of life for all.

• Given that human activity already exceeds Earth’s capacity to support it, Population Matters argues that population stabilisation should be strived for without delay.^[7]
• The United Nations projects that global population size could grow by 2.5 billion between 2015 and 2050, which illustrates the urgency of the matter further according to the organization.^[8]

Development and climate change

Population growth increases the number of wealthy carbon emitters and poorer climate change victims and hampers mitigation and adaptation efforts. In 2016, humanity used the sustainable resource output of 1.6 Earths.^[9]

• Evidence has been presented that less equal affluent countries consume more resources and generate more waste than other affluent countries.^[10]·Consequently, Population Matters supports greater income equality.
• Developed countries are responsible for the majority of resource consumption as well as the associated global environmental degradation. Therefore, the developed world has a responsibility to support developing nations according to the organization.^[11]
• Population Matters supports the concept of Contraction and Convergence as conceived by the Global Commons Institute.^[12]

Women’s rights and reproductive health

Women’s empowerment and gender equality are essential for reproductive health, economic development and population stabilization. Population Matters therefore support programmes to improve the status of women.

• Population Matters embraces the Sustainable Development Goals that see women’s empowerment as a necessary condition for sustainable development.^[13]
• Comparisons made between developing nations that experienced rapid fertility decline and those that did not found that high fertility increases absolute levels of poverty by slowing economic growth and worsening the distribution of additionally acquired resources.^[14] Consequently, the organization promotes policies improving access to contraceptive.

Migration

Migration often results from conflict, poverty, inequality or population and consumption pressures. Population Matters calls for fair trade terms and increased foreign aid and knowledge transfer to promote sustainable development, global justice and resilience.

• Population Matters believes that the only just and long-term solution to migration pressure is to address its underlying causes in the countries of origin, such as poverty, lack or over exploitation of resources, climate change and conflict.^[15]
• The organization believes that developed countries have a moral responsibility to help with this because they contribute to migratory pressures by being both major consumers of resources from developing countries and are the principle source of the causes of climate change.^[16]

Ageing and parenthood

Population Matters rejects the case that more young people are required to care for an increasing number of elderly. It believes that governments should promote responsible parenthood and limit subsidies to the first two children unless a family is living in poverty.

• Population Matters promotes the idea that society should deal with ageing by enabling employment for untrained, underemployed and older people and by optimizing the use of technology.^[17][18]

Activities

Population Matters campaigns to stabilize population at a sustainable level through encouraging a culture shift towards smaller family sizes worldwide and improving resources for women's empowerment and family planning in lower income countries.^[19][20] Over the years, the organization has supported various campaigns, including Caroline Lucas’ Bill to make Personal, Social, Health and Economic education (PSHE) a statutory requirement in state funded schools.^[21] It also produces material to help its supporters raise awareness of population growth.^[22]

The charity also runs PopOffsets, a project that offers members of the public the opportunity to offset their carbon emissions by donating towards family planning projects around the world.^[23]

Other activities include the Population Matters Overshoot Index, which presents assessments of the extent to which countries and regions of the world are considered to be able to support themselves on the basis of their own renewable resources. It also produces short films, such as “Zombie Overpopulation”.^[24][25]

Organisational structure

Population Matters consists of patrons, an advisory council, a board and, a team of staff and volunteers and members. It relies on members and donors for its funding.^[26]

Patrons

Population Matters' patrons include prominent and successful public figures such as the broadcaster Sir David Attenborough, the economist Sir Partha Dasgupta, the biologist Professor Paul Ehrlich, the primatologist Dr Jane Goodall, Professor John Guillebaud and the politician Baroness Shreela Flather.^[27]

Local groups

Population Matters encourages its members to create and run local groups in their communities. There are currently nine of these groups that are recognised by the organisation in the UK. Most of them meet regularly at local venues to discuss population and sustainability issues with like-minded people.^[28]

Criticism

In 2013, Population Matters was criticised for calling for “zero-net migration” to the UK and for supporting a UK government policy of stopping child benefit and tax credits for third and subsequent children.^[29]

See also

References

External links

Official website

Human impact on the environment
General	Anthropocene Environmental issues Human impact Impact assessment List of issues Planetary boundaries
Causes	Agriculture fishing irrigation meat production palm oil Energy industry biodiesel coal electricity generation nuclear power oil shale petroleum reservoirs wind power Manufacturing cleaning agents concrete nanotechnology paint paper pesticides pharmaceuticals and personal care Transport aviation roads shipping Other land use mining genetic pollution human overpopulation overexploitation particulates pollution war
Effects	Biodiversity threats Climate change Deforestation Desertification Ecocide Erosion Coral reefs Freshwater cycle Global warming Habitat destruction Holocene extinction Nitrogen cycle Land degradation Land surface effects on climate Phosphorus cycle Ocean acidification Ozone depletion Runaway climate change
Mitigation	Birth control Cleaner production Climate change mitigation Climate engineering Ecological engineering Environmental engineering Environmental mitigation Industrial ecology Mitigation banking Organic farming Reforestation urban Restoration ecology Sustainable consumption Waste minimization
Commons   Category by country assessment mitigation

Extinction
List of recently extinct species
Phenomena	Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic pollution Lazarus taxon Local extinction Pseudoextinction
Models	Extinction vortex
Causes	Genetic erosion Habitat destruction Human overpopulation Muller's ratchet Mutational meltdown Overexploitation
Theories and concepts	Extinction debt Extinction risk from global warming Extinction threshold Field of Bullets Hypothetical species Latent extinction risk
Extinction events	Timeline of extinctions Ordovician–Silurian Late Devonian Permian–Triassic Triassic–Jurassic Cretaceous–Paleogene Quaternary Holocene
Extinct species	Lists of extinct species Lists of extinct animals List of extinct plants IUCN Red List extinct species
Organizations	International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Species Survival Commission Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
See also	Decline in amphibian populations Human extinction
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