Polychelida

Polychelida
Temporal range: Upper Triassic–Recent
Stereomastis sculpta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Polychelida
Scholtz & Richter, 1995 [1]
Families

Polychelida is a group of decapod crustaceans. Fossil representatives are known dating from as far back as the Upper Triassic. A total of 38 extant species, all in the family Polychelidae, and 55 fossil species have been described.

History

Polychelida had traditionally been included in the infraorder Palinura, alongside the spiny lobsters and slipper lobsters (now in the infraorder Achelata).[1][2] In 1995, Gerhard Scholtz and Stefan Richter of the Freie Universität Berlin carried out a phylogenetic study of the "Reptantia", and concluded that "Palinura" was paraphyletic. They therefore abandoned that taxon and introduced instead the new clade Polychelida.[1]

Membership

The animals grouped into the infraorder Polychelida are united by the presence of at least four pairs of chelae (claws).[3] Five families are included, all but one of which are extinct.[4] The 38 extant species are all in the family Polychelidae.[4] The group has a fossil record stretching back to the Upper Triassic,[2] and had its peak diversity in the Mesozoic.[3] Although the extant species are all restricted to deep waters, the group is thought to have originated in shallow water.[3] Over time, the eyes have reduced in size to the vestigial state seen in extant Polychelidae, the body has narrowed, and the chelae have become less robust; among extant taxa, the most plesiomorphic state is seen in Willemoesia.[3]

Representatives of different families
Cycleryon propinquus (Eryonidae)
Palaeopentacheles roettenbacheri (Palaeopentachelidae)
Proeryon hartmanni (Coleiidae)
Stereomastis sculpta (Polychelidae)

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gerhard Scholtz & Stefan Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 113 (3): 289–328. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00936.x.
  2. 1 2 Hiroaki Karasawa, Fumio Takahashi, Eiji Doi & Hideo Ishida (2003). "First notice of the family Coleiidae Van Straelen (Crustacea: Decapoda: Eryonoidea) from the upper Triassic of Japan" (PDF). Paleontological Research. 7 (4): 357–362. doi:10.2517/prpsj.7.357.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Shane T. Ahyong (2009). "The polychelidan lobsters: phylogeny and systematics (Polychelida: Polychelidae)". In Joel W. Martin, Keith A. Crandall & Darryl L. Felder. Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics (PDF). Crustacean Issues. 18. CRC Press. pp. 369–396. ISBN 978-1-4200-9258-5.
  4. 1 2 Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
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