Phloretin

Phloretin
Names
IUPAC name
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
Other names
Dihydronaringenin
Phloretol
Identifiers
60-82-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:17276 N
ChemSpider 4624 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.444
4285
PubChem 4788
UNII S5J5OE47MK YesY
Properties
C15H14O5
Molar mass 274.26 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It can be found in apple tree leaves[1] and the Manchurian apricot.[2]

Pharmacology

Phloretin inhibits the active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2, though the inhibition is weaker than by its glycoside phlorizin.[3] Orally consumed phlorizin is nearly entirely converted into phloretin by hydrolytic enzymes in the small intestine.[4][5] An important effect of this is the inhibition of glucose absorption by the small intestine[5] and the inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption.[4] Phloretin also inhibits a variety of urea transporters.[6][7] It induces urea loss and diuresis when coupled with high protein diets.

Phloretin has been found to inhibit GLUT2 and aquaporin 9 (AQP9) on mouse hepatocytes.[8]

Metabolism

Phloretin hydrolase uses phloretin and water to produce phloretate and phloroglucinol.

Glycosides

See also

References

  1. ↑ Picinelli A.; Dapena E.; Mangas J. J. (1995). "Polyphenolic pattern in apple tree leaves in relation to scab resistance. A preliminary study". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 43 (8): 2273–2278. doi:10.1021/jf00056a057.
  2. ↑ "Manchurian Apricot (Prunus armeniaca var. mandshurica)" (PDF). North Dakota State University. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  3. ↑ Chan, Stephen S.; William D. Lotspeich (1962-12-01). "Comparative effects of phlorizin and phloretin on glucose transport in the cat kidney". American Journal of Physiology. Legacy Content. 203 (6): 975–979. ISSN 0002-9513. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  4. 1 2 Idris, I.; Donnelly, R. (2009). "Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: An emerging new class of oral antidiabetic drug". Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 11 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00982.x.
  5. 1 2 Crespy, V.; Aprikian, O.; Morand, C.; Besson, C.; Manach, C.; Demigné, C.; Rémésy, C. (2001). "Bioavailability of phloretin and phloridzin in rats". The Journal of Nutrition. 131 (12): 3227–3230. PMID 11739871.
  6. ↑ Fenton, Robert A.; Chung-Lin Chou; Gavin S. Stewart; Craig P. Smith; Mark A. Knepper (2004-05-11). "Urinary concentrating defect in mice with selective deletion of phloretin-sensitive urea transporters in the renal collecting duct". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (19): 7469–7474. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401704101. ISSN 0027-8424. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  7. ↑ Shayakul, Chairat; Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi; Urs V. Berger; Matthias A. Hediger (2001-03-01). "Molecular characterization of a novel urea transporter from kidney inner medullary collecting ducts". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 280 (3): –487–F494. ISSN 1931-857X. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  8. ↑ Fenton, Robert A.; Chou, Chung-Lin; Stewart, Gavin S.; Smith, Craig P.; Knepper, Mark A. (2004-05-11). "Urinary concentrating defect in mice with selective deletion of phloretin-sensitive urea transporters in the renal collecting duct". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (19): 7469–7474. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401704101. ISSN 0027-8424.


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