Perfect Blue

Perfect Blue
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Satoshi Kon
Produced by	Hitomi Nakagaki Yoshihisa Ishihara Yutaka Tōgō Masao Maruyama Hiroaki Inoue
Screenplay by	Sadayuki Murai
Based on	Perfect Blue: Complete Metamorphosis by Yoshikazu Takeuchi
Starring	Junko Iwao Rica Matsumoto Shinpachi Tsuji Masaaki Ōkura
Music by	Masahiro Ikumi
Cinematography	Hisao Shirai
Edited by	Harutoshi Ogata
Production company	Madhouse
Distributed by	Rex Entertainment
Release dates	July 1997 (1997-07) (Fantasia Festival) February 28, 1998 (1998-02-28) (Japan)
Running time	81 minutes
Country	Japan
Language	Japanese
Budget	¥3 million (estimated)
Box office	$112,536 (US)[1]

Perfect Blue (パーフェクトブルー, Pāfekuto Burū) is a 1997 Japanese animated psychological thriller-horror film directed by Satoshi Kon and written by Sadayuki Murai, based on the novel Perfect Blue: Complete Metamorphosis (パーフェクト・ブルー　完全変態, Pāfekuto Burū: Kanzen Hentai) by Yoshikazu Takeuchi. The film follows Mima Kirigoe, the member of a Japanese pop idol group who decides to retire from music to pursue an acting career. As she becomes a victim of stalking and goes deeper and deeper into her first role, she starts to lose her perception of what is real and what is fiction.

Plot

Mima Kirigoe, the lead singer of the fictional J-pop idol group "CHAM!", decides to leave the group to become an actress, believing that the idol group life is a dead end job. Her first role is in a crime drama series, Double Bind. Some of her fans are upset by her change in career, including a stalker known as "Me-Mania". Shortly after leaving CHAM!, Mima receives an anonymous fax calling her a traitor. She also finds a website called "Mima's Room", which features public diary entries that claim to be written by her that discuss her life in great detail. She brings the site to the attention of her manager, ex-pop star Rumi Hidaka, but is advised to ignore it.

On the set of Double Bind, Mima succeeds in getting a larger part. However, the producers decide to cast her as a rape victim in a strip club. Rumi warns Mima that it will damage her reputation, but Mima accepts the part. The scene traumatizes Mima (as well as Rumi, who leaves the production control room crying), and she increasingly becomes unable to distinguish reality from her work in show business.

Several people involved in creating Double Bind, including the show's writer and photographer, are found murdered. Mima finds evidence that makes her a suspect in those murders, and her increasing mental instability makes her doubt her own innocence. Meanwhile, Me-Mania is constantly shown standing amongst the Double Bind filming crew, and his further obsession is revealed when he is shown receiving emails from Mima's pop idol persona through the Mima's Room website. It is at this point that reality starts breaking down for the viewer as well: in one scene, Mima is revealed by a police psychiatrist to be the split personality delusion of a woman named Yoko Takakura, only for the Double Bind camera crew to yell "Cut"; in another, Me-Mania finally confronts and attempts to rape Mima, stopped only when Mima hits him in the head with a hammer, knocking him unconscious. Rumi finds Mima backstage immediately afterward, and upon both returning to the scene, Me-Mania's blood and body are not found on the now-empty set. This causes Mima to further doubt her perception of reality.

Rumi offers to drive Mima home. Upon arriving, Mima tries to call Mr. Tadokoro, but he doesn't pick up the phone as he has also been murdered, along with Me-Mania. Mima drops the call upon realizing that she is actually in a completely different apartment, decorated to resemble her own pop idol apartment at the beginning of the film. When Mima encounters Rumi, her manager is wearing a replica of Mima's CHAM! costume and, in a psychotic break, fully believes that she is the "real Mima"; Rumi is in fact the diarist behind Mima's Room and the one who committed the murders. Rumi is angry that Mima—who has been suffering from folie à deux throughout the film—has been ruining the "real Mima's" reputation and decides to save her pristine pop idol image by murdering the "fake" Mima. After a chase through the city, Mima, despite being wounded herself, manages to rip off Rumi's wig, causing Rumi to impale herself on a glass shard trying to grab it. Mima then saves Rumi from an oncoming truck, whose headlights she mistakes for stage lights. Both parties collapse as the truck's occupants call for an ambulance.

Mima, now an accomplished actress, shows up at a mental institution to visit Rumi, who still believes herself to be Mima. As Mima leaves, she overhears the nursing staff believing that she is a Mima look-alike, as Mima would have no reason to visit an institution. Mima enters her car and, looking into the rear view mirror, declares "I'm the real thing" and smiles.

Voice cast

The actors in the English adaptation are listed in the credits without specification to their respective roles: James Lyon, Frank Buck, David Lucas, Elliot Reynolds, Kermit Beachwood, Sam Strong, Carol Stanzione, Ty Webb, Billy Regan, Dari Mackenzie, George C. Cole, Syd Fontana, Sven Nosgard, Bob Marx, Devon Michaels, Robert Wicks and Mattie Rando.^[7]

Production

Originally the film was supposed to be a live action direct to video series, but after the Kobe earthquake of 1995 damaged the production studio, the budget for the film was reduced to an original video animation. Katsuhiro Otomo was credited as "Special Supervisor" to help the film sell abroad and as a result the film was screened in many film festivals around the world. While touring the world it received a fair amount of acclaim, jump-starting Kon's career as a filmmaker.^[8]

Kon and Murai did not think that the original novel would make a good film and asked if they could change the contents. This change was approved so long as they kept a few of the original concepts from the novel. A live action film Perfect Blue: Yume Nara Samete was later made (released in 2002) that is much closer to the novel. This version was directed by Toshiki Satō from a screenplay by Shinji Imaoka and Masahiro Kobayashi.^[9]

Like much of Kon's later work, such as Paprika, the film deals with the blurring of the lines between fantasy and reality in contemporary Japan.^[10]

Themes and analysis

Susan Napier uses feminist film theory to analyze the film, stating that, "Perfect Blue announces its preoccupation with perception, identity and performance - especially in relation to the female - right from its opening sequence. The perception of reality cannot be trusted, with the visual set up only to not be reality, especially as the psychodrama heights towards the climax."^[8] Napier also sees themes related to pop idols and their performances as impacting the gaze and the issue of their roles. Mima's madness results from her own subjectivity and attacks on her identity. The ties to Alfred Hitchcock's work is broken with the murder of her male controllers.^[8] Otaku described the film as "critique of the consumer society of contemporary Japan."^{[8][Note 1]}

Release

Perfect Blue was released in the United States by Manga Entertainment on VHS in 1999 on both a R rated version and its original unrated uncut version. It was later released in 2000 in an unrated-only DVD release. The movie was also released on UMD by Anchor Bay Entertainment on December 6, 2005.^[11] It featured the movie in cinema widescreen, leaving the movie kept within black bars on the PSP's 16:9 screen. This release also contains no special features and only the English audio track.

In the US, Perfect Blue aired on the Encore cable television network and was featured by the Sci Fi Channel on December 10, 2007 as part of its Ani-Monday block. In Australia, Perfect Blue aired on the SBS Television Network on April 12, 2008 and previously sometime in mid 2007 in a similar timeslot.

Reception

The film was critically well received in the festival circuit, winning awards at the 1997 Fantasia Festival in Montréal, and Fantasporto Film Festival in Portugal.

Critical response in the United States upon its theatrical release was mixed.^[12] The film holds a 68% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the Consensus saying "Perfect Blue is overstylized, but its core mystery is always compelling, as are the visual theatrics."^[13] Some critics associated it with common anime stereotypes of gratuitous sex and violence. Kon responded to this criticism by stating that he was proud to be an animator and Perfect Blue was more interesting as animation.^[8]

Time included the film on its top 5 anime DVD list,^[14] and Terry Gilliam, of whom Kon was a fan^[15] included it in his list of the top fifty animated films.^[16] Perfect Blue ranked #25 on Total Film's all-time animated films.^[17] It also made the list for Entertainment Weekly's best movies never seen from 1991–2011.^[18]

Legacy

Madonna incorporated clips from the film into a remix of her song "What It Feels Like for a Girl" as a video interlude during her Drowned World Tour in 2001.^[19][20]

In 2010 Darren Aronofsky acknowledged there being similarities between Perfect Blue and his film Requiem for a Dream as well as Black Swan.^[21] A re-issued blog entry mentioned Aronofsky's film Requiem for a Dream as being among Kon's list of movies he viewed for that year.^[22] In addition, Kon blogged about his meeting with Aronofsky in 2001.^[23]

Notes

References

Book references

• Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2012). The Anime Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917. Stone Bridge Press. 867pp. ISBN 9781611725155. 

External links

• Official Manga Entertainment website at the Wayback Machine (archived March 9, 2012)
• Official Geneon Entertainment website (Japanese)
• Official Madhouse Animation website (Japanese)
• Official Rex Entertainment website at the Wayback Machine (archived February 25, 1999) (Japanese)
• Perfect Blue (anime) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia