Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff

Paul Bronsart von Schellendorf
Paul Bronsart von Schellendorf
Born	(1832-01-25)25 January 1832 Danzig, Prussia
Died	23 June 1891(1891-06-23) (aged 59) Schettnienen manor, East Prussia, German Empire
Allegiance	Prussia Imperial Germany
Service/branch	Prussian Army
Years of service	1849–
Rank	General of the Infantry
Commands held	I Corps
Battles/wars	Franco-Prussian War
Other work	Prussian Minister of War (1883–1889)

Paul Leopold Eduard Heinrich Anton Bronsart von Schellendorf (25 January 1832 – 23 June 1891) was a Prussian general and writer, who served as Minister of War from 1883 to 1889.

Family

Bronsart was born in Danzig (present-day Gdańsk, Poland), then administrative capital of West Prussia, the son of later General Lieutenant Heinrich Bronsart von Schellendorff (1803–1874) and his wife Antoinette Martha Elisabeth, née d'Azemar de Rège (1810–1873). His younger brother Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff (1833–1914) also served as Prussian Minister of War from 1893 to 1896.

On 30 May 1853, Paul Bronsart married Rosalie Klara Marie, née Schmidt (1833–1913). The couple had four children, among them Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf (1864–1950), General lieutenant and chief of the Ottoman Army general staff in World War I.

Life and career

Having attended the Gymnasium in Danzig, Bronsart entered the Prussian Cadet Corps (Kadettenanstalt) in Kulm and Berlin. On 28 April 1849 he joined the Berlin Kaiser Franz Garde-Grenadier Regiment No.2 in the rank of Lieutenant. From 1 June 1852 he served as Adjutant in the 4th Guards Landwehr Regiment and attended the Prussian Military Academy from 1855 to 1858. On 1 May 1859 he was appointed to the German General Staff and achieved the rank of Oberleutnant. Elevated to Hauptmann (Captain) on 23 February 1861; after three years of staff service he returned to regimental duty as a company commander in the II Army Corps, but was soon reappointed to the staff, and lectured at the Military Academy, becoming Major in 1865 and Lieutenant Colonel in 1869.

Bronsart participated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 as a member of the II Corps general staff, and fought in the Battle of Gitschin and Königgrätz. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 he was chief of a section on the Great General Staff headquarters, and conducted the preliminary negotiations for the surrender of the French at the Sedan fortress. After the war Bronsart was made Oberst (Colonel) and Chief of Staff of the Guard Corps, becoming Major general in 1876, commander of the 1st Guards Infantry Brigade in 1878, and Lieutenant general (with a 2nd Guards Infantry Division command) in 1881.

In March 1883 he was appointed Prussian War Minister, succeeding Georg von Kameke. During his tenure of the post until 1889 the peacetime establishment of the German Army was significantly increased and many important reforms were carried out in the Prussian Army, in particular the arming of the infantry with repeating rifles as well as new regulations of pension funds and compulsory military service. On 23 April 1888 he was promoted to General of the Infantry.

Minister Bronsart resigned on 8 April 1889 and was succeeded by Julius von Verdy du Vernois. At his request, he was appointed commanding general of the I Army Corps at Königsberg. Two years later he died from pneumonia at his estate of Schettnienen near Heiligenbeil (present-day Mamonovo, Kaliningrad Oblast) at the age of 59.^[1]

Writings

Bronsart's military writings include three works of great importance:

• Ein Rückblick auf die taktischen Rückblicke (2nd ed., Berlin, 1870), a pamphlet written in reply to Captain May's Tactical Retrospect of 1866; and
• Der Dienst des Generalstabes (1st ed., Berlin, 1876; 3rd ed. revised by General Meckel, 1893; new ed. by the author's son, Major Bronsart von Schellendorf, Berlin, 1904), a comprehensive treatise on the duties of the general staff. The third edition of this work was soon after its publication translated into English and issued officially to the British army as The Duties of the General Staff. Major Bronsart's new edition of 1904 was re-issued in English by the General Staff, under the same title, in 1905.
• Schellendorf, Paul Leopold Eduard Heinrich Anton Bronsart. (1893). Duties of the General Staff, translated by William Aldworth Home Hare. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

Awards and decorations

• Iron Cross of 1870
  • 2nd Class (2 September 1870)
  • 1st Class (31 December 1870)
• Order of the Crown, 2nd Class with Swords on rings (Prussia, 18 September 1880)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (17 March 1883)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (20 September 1885)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown (1 October 1885)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle with Oak Leaves (3 July 1888)
• Star of Grand Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern (8 April 1889)

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bronsart von Schellendorf, Paul". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.