Patria Grande

Map of an integrated Hispanic America.

  Basic "Patria Grande" with Spanish speaking countries.

The Patria Grande (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpatɾja ˈɣɾande], Spanish: Great homeland) is a loose political idea of Hispanic American integration, that rejects the balkanization that followed the Spanish American wars of independence and envisions a united region instead. The term may be also used to talk specifically about projects of Hispanic American unity held by Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.

Origin of the term

The name "Patria Grande" was first coined by the Argentine Manuel Ugarte, in his 1922 book "la Patria Grande".^[1] He gave speeches in many Hispanic American countries advocating their unification.

History

The Spanish invasion and colonization of America began in 1492, and ultimately was part of a larger historical process of world colonialism, through which various European powers incorporated a considerable amount of territory and peoples in the Americas, Asia, and Africa between the 15th and 20th centuries. Hispanic America became the main part of the vast Spanish Empire.

Napoleon's takeover of Spain in 1808 and the consequent chaos initiated the dismemberment of the Spanish Empire, as the American territories began their struggle for emancipation. By 1830, the only remaining Spanish American colonies were the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico. These were subsequently lost in the 1898 Spanish–American War.

Modern usage

Former president of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva considers that the Mercosur helps the social, political and economic integration of Latin America, and that the Patria Grande may not be achieved by closing doors.^[2]

Brazil's ambitions might be seen as different from the traditional idea of Patria Grande, though, as it is often argued that the country's historical foreign policy is shaped by the exclusion of Mexico and Central America (and the Caribbean, counted as Central America in the Portuguese sense of the term) as ideological and political cognates, seen as important U.S. American allies, with their paths in the opposite direction of interests central to its alleged project of a more sovereign, post-neoliberal, non-peripheral South America – or at least that of its left-leaning political parties and intelligentsia.^[3]

The concept is well-known and used by leftist activists and leaders across South America as an important part of their ideology, like Argentina's former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner,^[4] Ecuador's President Rafael Correa,^[5] and former Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez.^[6]

See also

• Hispanic America
• Hispanidad
• Panhispanism

References