Oleksandr Moroz

Oleksandr Moroz
Oleksandr Moroz in 2004.
2nd and 6th Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada
In office 6 July 2006[1] – 4 December 2007
Preceded by	Volodymyr Lytvyn
Succeeded by	Arseniy Yatsenyuk
In office 18 May 1994[2] – 7 July 1998
Preceded by	Ivan Plyushch
Succeeded by	Oleksandr Tkachenko
Personal details
Born	(1944-02-29) February 29, 1944 Buda, Taraschanskyi Raion, Kiev Oblast,  USSR
Political party	Socialist Party of Ukraine
Spouse(s)	Valentyna Andriyivna (née Lavrynenko)[3]
Children	Iryna (1966) Ruslana (1972)
Signature
Website	http://www.spu.in.ua/leader.php

Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Moroz (Ukrainian: Олександр Олександрович Мороз, born 29 February 1944, in Buda, Taraschanskyi Raion of the Kiev Oblast) is a Ukrainian statesman and politician. He was the Speaker of Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine twice: July 2006 to September 2007, and previously in 1994 through 1998. Moroz is one of the founders and leader of the Socialist Party of Ukraine, which was an influential political party in Ukraine. Moroz lost Parliamentary representation when the Socialist Party of Ukraine failed to secure sufficient number of votes (2.86%) in the 2007 snap election falling 0.14% short of the 3% election threshold.

Biography

After graduating from the local school in 1960 Oleksandr Moroz graduated from the Agricultural Academy of the Ukrainian SSR becoming a mechanical engineer. Then he worked in many careers, including as a teacher and engineer for twelve years, and joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, moving from the First Secretary of local Regional Committee of the CPSU to the position of the Head of the Kiev Oblast Committee and the Oblast Trade Union Committee. He was a recipient of the Medal "For Labour Valour". He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1972 to 1991. He became a deputy of Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) in 1990. During the August 1991 Declaration of Independence of Ukraine Moroz was Communist majority leader in the Verkhovna Rada.^[9]

On 26 October 1991, he arranged the congress that formed the Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) as a successor of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine.

Moroz ran as a presidential candidate as a nominee of the Socialist Party of Ukraine in the 1994 and 1999 elections, he came third both times, with 13.04% of the vote in 1994 and 11.29% in 1999. In 1999, many experts predicted that Moroz had a chance to defeat incumbent Leonid Kuchma in the election run-off and according to many observers the government rigged the election results^[10] in favor of Petro Symonenko (of the Communist Party of Ukraine) in order to make sure that unpopular Symonenko, rather than Moroz, would compete against Kuchma in the run-off vote.

In 1996, Moroz together with several other parties prevented President Leonid Kuchma's attempt to concentrate most of the powers in the president's hands and led the parliament to adopt on 28 June the new Constitution that includes many positions close to the demands of left parties. In 1999 after signing the treaty of "Kanev Four" he became an acknowledged leader of the non-Communist opposition to Kuchma.

In 2001 Moroz at a sitting of the Verkhovna Rada made public "Mykola Melnychenko’s tapes" that alleged the involvement of the top leaders of the state (including president Kuchma) in the murder of famous independent journalist Georgiy Gongadze that provoked the political crisis in Ukraine known as the Cassette Scandal. Moroz was a member of a special board "Forum of national salvation", a representative of a Public Committee of Protection of the Constitution "Ukraine Without Kuchma" (and later "Rise, Ukraine!") in charge of negotiations with representatives of the regime.

In 2002 the Socialist Party of Ukraine (which included Yuriy Lutsenko, Josef Vinski, Mykola Rudkovski, Valentyna Semenyuk) got the fourth place in the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002. The socialists joined the “oppositional four” a group of parties that also included Our Ukraine, Yulia Tymoshenko Electoral Bloc and Communist Party of Ukraine.

Olexandr Moroz (First round) - percentage of total national vote

Moroz (left), with Viktor Yushchenko

In the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, Moroz was nominated by the Socialist Party of Ukraine, which he has chaired since 1991. He won third place with 5.81% of the vote. As a longtime leader of anti-Kuchma forces, Moroz quickly announced his support for Viktor Yushchenko's presidential bid against Kuchma's prime minister, Viktor Yanukovich, thus making Yushchenko the favourite to win in round two. That Yushchenko did not win despite this endorsement was used to argue that there was election fraud in the run-off. Moroz supported the subsequent Orange Revolution, the mass protests that eventually led to the annulment of the vote results and to a revote won by Yushchenko. The support of the Ukrainian socialists he brought to Yushchenko's campaign was important to widen Yushchenko's appeal to voters. Similarly, the votes of Moroz's Socialist party faction in Verkhovna Rada (parliament) were crucial for passing several important resolutions during the Orange Revolution, particularly the non-confidence vote in the Kuchma-Yanukovych government involved in election fraud scandal.

After the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006 Moroz was elected the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 6 July 2006 (238 ayes, 226 needed for election) with support of the Party of Regions, SPU, and communist factions.

The Socialist Party of Ukraine received 2.86% of the national vote in the Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2007 falling 0.14% below the election threshold denying them the right of representation and removing Moroz as a member of Ukraine's Parliament.

The Socialist Party of Ukraine chose the party leader, Oleksandr Moroz, as their presidential candidate for the 2010 Presidential election, first-round ballot scheduled to be held on January 17, 2010. 268 out of 422 party congress delegates registered supported the Moroz's nomination.^[11] During the election Moroz received 0,38% of the votes.^[12] Public Opinion Polls did not rated the Socialist Party of Ukraine or its leader Olexandr Moroz as it they were undecided as to their participation in the Ukrainian Presidential election In 2005 Moroz received 5.8% of the national vote. An Opinion polls conducted by FOM-Ukraine in April 2009 showed Moroz with less than 1% support with most analysts not considering Moroz as a serious contender as he would not win sufficient number of votes in the first-round presidential ballot, scheduled for January 17, 2010.

After leading his party for 20 years, in July 2010 he was succeeded as party leader by Vasyl Tsushko.^[13] However, Moroz was again elected as party leader in August 2011.^[14] In April 2012 Petro Ustenko was elected as Moroz's successor as party leader.^[15]

Moroz tried to return to parliament in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election, running as an independent candidate, single-member districts number 93 (first-past-the-post wins a parliament seat) located in Kiev Oblast; but he finished third in this district with 11.94% of the votes.^[16]

Political views

Since Oleksandr Moroz organized the left-centrist Socialist Party of Ukraine his party ideology largely evolved from orthodox Communism to Social democracy. He himself is a left-wing social democrat of the European type who uses both Marxist and Social democratic ideas. For this reason he met strong opposition from a more rigid wing of his party represented by the supporters of Nataliya Vitrenko. Finally, Vitrenko left the Socialist party, proclaimed the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine and bannered Moroz as "Opportunist" and "traitor", much helping Kuchma to fight the opposition of Ukraine of which Moroz' Socialist Party was part. After the last radicals headed by Ivan Chyzh left the party and formed an organization called "Spravedlyvist" ("Justness"), Moroz was able to transform his party closer to the European Social Democratic model.

Moroz and his party supported the political reform and Ukraine's transition towards a more European Parliamentary democracy, which shifted the power balance in Ukraine stripping the President of some of his powers in favor of the parliament. During the Orange Revolution his party voted for the changes to the Ukrainian constitution, changes that made Ukraine a parliamentary and not a presidential republic. This constitution, pushed by Moroz and Petro Simonenko, went into effect in January 2006, despite Yushchenko's furious opposition. Moroz also speaks in support of the preservation of land for Ukrainian farmers and has made many promises about resolving social problems, using socialist rhetoric. The program of his party begins with a statement that demands real democracy for working people.

Bibliography

Moroz is fond of poetry and chess. He has written the following books:

• Куди йдемо?... (Where we go?...). Kiev: Association "Postup". 1993. ISBN 5-7707-5030-8. 
• Тема для роздумів (Subject for thoughts). Kiev: Zlahoda. 1995. ISBN 5-7707-5568-7. 
• Вибір (Choice). 1996. 
• Дорога, з якої не зійти (An unavoidable path). 1999. OCLC 58407685. 
• Між вічними полюсами (Between permanent poles). Kiev: Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo. 1999. ISBN 966-7288-93-5. 
• Про землю, Конституцію і не тільки (About land, Constitution and not only). Kiev: Redaction of newspaper "Tovarysh". 2000. ISBN 966-7864-00-6. 
• Хроніка одного злочину (The chronicle of the crime). Kiev: Politrada SPU. 2001. OCLC 49307992. 
• Політична анатомія України (Political anatomy of Ukraine). Kiev: Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo. 2004. ISBN 966-611-274-4. 
• Жива стерня (Live stubble). Kiev: Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo. 2004. ISBN 966-611-273-6.  Recognized by international literature award named after Hryhori Skovoroda.
• ...З відстані (...From distance). Kiev: Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo. 2004. ISBN 966-611-278-7. 
• Обличчям до вогню (Facing fire). Kiev: Tomiris. 2006.  Poetry collection in Ukrainian language.
• Белый снег на каменной террасе (White snow on stone terrace). 2006.  Poetry collection in Russian language.
• Кують зозули. Kiev: Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo. 2007. ISBN 978-966-611-567-9. .

References

External links

• Socialist Party of Ukraine (website, in Ukrainian)
• "Tovarysh", the official newspaper of the Socialist Party of Ukraine (website, Ukrainian and Russian versions)

Verkhovna Rada
Main topics	Chairman list Presidium 1938-1996 People's Deputy of Ukraine Committees Accounting Chamber Ombudsman National Parliamentary Library Verkhovna Rada building
Members	Ukraine 1st members, 1990–94 2nd members, 1994–98 3rd members, 1998–2002 4th members, 2002–06 5th members, 2006–07 6th members, 2007–12 7th members, 2012–14 8th members, 2014–19 Ukainian SSR 1st members, 1938–1947 2nd members, 1947–1951 3rd members, 1951–1955 4th members, 1955–1959 5th members, 1959–1963 6th members, 1963–1967 7th members, 1967–1971 8th members, 1971–1975 9th members, 1975–1980 10th members, 1980–1985 11th members, 1985–1990
List of chairmen	Ukraine Ivan Plyushch Oleksandr Moroz Oleksandr Tkachenko Ivan Plyushch Volodymyr Lytvyn Oleksandr Moroz Arseniy Yatsenyuk Oleksandr Lavrynovych (acting) Volodymyr Lytvyn Volodymyr Rybak Oleksandr Turchynov Volodymyr Groysman Andriy Parubiy Ukrainian SSR Mykhailo Burmystenko Oleksandr Korniychuk Pavlo Tychyna Oleksandr Korniychuk Mykhailo Bilyi Kostiantyn Sytnyk Platon Kostiuk Volodymyr Ivashko Leonid Kravchuk Presidium Leonid Korniets Mykhailo Hrechukha Demyan Korotchenko Oleksandr Lyashko Ivan Hrushetsky Oleksiy Vatchenko Valentyna Shevchenko Volodymyr Ivashko Leonid Kravchuk Ivan Plyushch Oleksandr Moroz
Historic predecessors	Central Council of Ukraine All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets Central Executive Committee of Ukraine Ukrainian Constituent Assembly never realized) Labor Congress of Ukraine Soim Carpatho-Ukraine Ukrainian National Council Council of Republic
See also	Politics of Ukraine Political parties in Ukraine Elections in Ukraine