Nuclear fratricide

In relation to nuclear warfare, nuclear fratricide denotes the inadvertent destruction of nuclear warheads or their delivery systems by detonations from other warheads in the same attack. The blast, EMP and debris cloud may knock them off course, cause damage or destroy them.[1]

Estimating fratricidal effects is complex. One source states that "It appears that two weapons targeted on a silo must arrive at least 10 s apart to avoid fratricidal fireball effects, and less than 1 min or more than 1 h apart to avoid fratricidal nuclear dust cloud effects."[2] Hence "deconflicting" attack patterns and using staggered "walking barrages" became part of U.S. and Soviet nuclear tactics.[1][3]

This theory was put forward as a defense mechanism for the LGM-118 Peacekeeper missile deployment, reasoning that multiple detonations would be required to knock out an entire battery of missiles if sufficiently protected. This strategy was ultimately rejected though, as enemy launches can be staggered through time to ensure warheads reach their target with enough delay between them to prevent the phenomenon.

This method of using staggered launch was described by a missile combat crew, whose members revealed that on receiving a launch command "Some [missiles] fly immediately, some with a delay to prevent nuclear fratricide when the bombs approach their targets in 20 to 30 minutes.".[4]

References

  1. 1 2 James J. Wirtz, Fratricide. In Weapons of Mass Destruction, eds. Eric A. Croddy, James J. Wirtz, Jeffrey A. Larsen. ABC-Clio 2004, p.139
  2. ↑ Bush, Brian W. ; Small, Richard D. Nuclear Winter Source-Term Studies. Volume 1. Ignition of Silo-Field Vegetation by Nuclear Weapons. Technical rept. 1 Jan 1985-1 Feb 1986 Pacific-Sierra Research Corp, Los Angeles, CA
  3. ↑ Ashton B. Carter, David N. Schwartz. Ballistic Missile Defense. Brookings Institution Press, 1984. pp. 126-128
  4. ↑ In Nuclear Silos, Death Wears a Snuggie, Wired Magazine, 14 Jan 2011
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