Identity creation

Identity creation is the process of creating a new personal identity or alias for an existing person.

It is commonly employed:

As part of witness protection program (such as the United States Federal Witness Protection Program)
To protect people having risk of being murdered for other reasons, such as honor killing.
In order to place law enforcement personnel or secret agents in deep cover.
In order to commit fraud.
By fugitives.

It differs from identity theft in that the new identity is not one previously existing.

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