Life zones of Peru

When the Spanish arrived, they divided Peru (very simplistically) into three main regions: the coastal region (11.6% of Peru), that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean; the highlands (28.1% of Peru), that is located on the Andean Heights, and the jungle, that is located on the Amazonian Jungle (Climate of Peru). But Javier Pulgar Vidal (es), a geographer who studied the biogeographic reality of the Peruvian territory for a long time, proposed the creation of eight Natural Regions.[1][2] In 1941, he presented his thesis "Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú" at the III General Assembly of the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History.

These eight Peruvian regions are:

Example: Andes 10°S

See also Altitudinal zonation

Classic version, Amazonic side

(the warmest month has an average temperature of below 22°C or 72°F).

(the warmest month has an average temperature of below 18°C or 64°F).

(the definition of treeline of Coniferae: the warmest month has an average temperature of below 10°C or 50°F ).

Terrestrial Biome Type 10: Montane grasslands and shrublands

(just warmer than -1°C over rocks or just warmer than -3°C over snow, annual mean temperature).[3][4][5][6] [7]

Javier Pulgar Vidal's version

Altitudinal variation in the Andes.

The Peruvian geographer Javier Pulgar Vidal divided Peru in 8 regions (traditionally, it was costa, sierra and selva):

Map from República del Perú - Instituto Geográfico Nacional

Notes

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Montane grasslands and shrublands

Deserts and xeric shrublands

Overview - Amazonic side

Estimated temperatures - Continental Divide

Explanations:

Altitude West - Pacific side East - Amazonian side
Highland Rainforest or Selva alta 400 m  - 26.5 °C
Loma-Vegetation 500 m about 21.1 °C  -
Cloud forest or Fluvial Yunga 1,000 m  - 23.5 °C
Quechua - Montane Valleys 2,300 m  - 17.2 °C
Amazonian Tree line of Coniferae: 10 °C about 3,500 m  - about 10 °C
Mountain pass influence 4,100 m about 3.4 °C (about 7.1 °C)
Vegetation end about 4,800 m about 0.0 °C  -
Snow line about 5,000 m about -1.0 °C  -

Example: Kallawaya Region, Bolivia

Altitudinal zonation: Kallawaya Region, around Charazani, Bolivia (border to Peru).

Gallery

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Pulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural „Javier Prado“, n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161.
  2. Benavides Estrada, Juan (1999); Geografía del Perú 2do año de Secuandaria. Lima: Escuela Nueva.
  3. Brigitta Schütt (2005); Azonale Böden und Hochgebirgsböden
  4. Zech, W. and Hintermaier-Erhard, G. (2002); Böden der Welt – Ein Bildatlas, Heidelberg, p. 98.
  5. Christopher Salter, Joseph Hobbs, Jesse Wheeler and J. Trenton Kostbade (2005); Essentials of World Regional Geography 2nd Edition. NY: Harcourt Brace. p.464-465.
  6. Middle America: Altitudinal Zonation
  7. http://www.andix.com/huaraz_maps/huaraz.html Maps of the Cordillera Blanca - Peru
  8. WWF Global 200: World Map of 14 Terrestrial Biomes and 867 Ecoregions
  9. "Bolivian Yungas". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  10. 1 2 "Peruvian Yungas". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  11. 1 2 "Southwest Amazon moist forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  12. "Central Andean dry puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  13. 1 2 "Central Andean puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  14. "Central Andean wet puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  15. "Atacama desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  16. "Sechura desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  17. "Gurupa varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  18. "Monte Alegre varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  19. "Purus varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  20. "Iquitos varzea". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  21. "Central Andean wet puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  22. Klimadiagramme weltweit - Europa
  23. Seibert, Paul; Farbatlas Südamerika, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1996.
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