National trauma
A national trauma is a crisis or a tragic experience which affects the spirit of a nation or an ethnicity, sometimes for generations to come. Large-scale disasters like war or genocide inevitably have this effect, but in an otherwise stable and prosperous country even a specific event (like an assassination of the leader or a transport disaster) can be traumatic.
Examples of national traumas
- Australia: Defeat in the Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli), ongoing threat of invasion during Pacific War during World War II (in particular the Bombing of Darwin by Imperial Japan), 2002 Bali bombings
- Argentina: Dirty War
- Armenia: Armenian Genocide
- Bangladesh: 1971 Bangladesh genocide
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnian genocide
- Cambodia: Cambodian Genocide
- Chile: Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile (Operation Condor)
- China: Century of humiliation
- Denmark: Second Schleswig War, Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- Dominican Republic: El Trujillato
- France: Dreyfus affair, Loss of Alsace-Lorraine, Vichy regime, Algerian War, November 2015 Paris attacks
- Germany: Treaty of Versailles, defeat in World War II, Berlin Wall
- Haiti: 2010 Haiti earthquake and 2010 Haiti cholera outbreak
- India: 2001 Indian Parliament attack, 2006 Mumbai train bombings, 2008 Ahmedabad blasts
- Iraq: 2003 Invasion of Iraq
- Ireland: Great Famine, Irish Civil War
- Israel: Holocaust, 1982 Lebanon War, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Second Intifada, Israeli disengagement from Gaza
- Japan: Black Ships, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
- Netherlands: Assassination of Pim Fortuyn, Assassination of Theo van Gogh, 2014 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crash
- Norway: 2011 Norway attacks
- Pakistan: Assassination of Benazir Bhutto, 2014 Peshawar school massacre, Drone strikes in Pakistan
- Palestine: Nakba
- Peru: War of the Pacific, Internal conflict in Peru
- Portugal: Battle of Alcácer Quibir, 1755 Lisbon earthquake, 1890 British Ultimatum, Portuguese Colonial War
- Romania: Romanian Revolution, Colectiv nightclub fire
- Russia and Soviet Union: Russo-Japanese War, World War I, Russian Civil War, Great Purge, Operation Barbarossa, Dissolution of the Soviet Union
- Rwanda: Rwandan genocide
- South Africa: Apartheid
- South Korea: KAL 007, Gwangju Uprising, April Revolution, Suicide of Jeon Tae-il, Sampoong Department Store collapse, Seongsu Bridge collapse, Sinking of the MV Sewol
- Spain: Spanish–American War, Spanish Civil War, 2004 Madrid train bombings
- Sweden: Treaty of Fredrikshamn, Assassination of Olof Palme, M/S Estonia shipwreck, Gothenburg riots, Gothenburg discothèque fire, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
- Turkey/Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Sèvres
- United Kingdom: Battle of the Somme, Death of Diana, Princess of Wales, Iraq War
- United States: American Civil War, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Vietnam War, September 11 attacks
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