NWA North American Tag Team Championship (Central States version)

NWA North American Tag Team Championship

Details

Promotion

Heart of America Sports Attractions / Central States Wrestling

Date established

1963

Date retired

1973

Statistics
First champion(s)	Sonny Myers and Pat O'Connor
Most reigns	Team: "Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (5 times)^[1] Individually: Bob Geigel (11 times)^[1]
Longest reign	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (267 days)
Shortest reign	Great Togo and Tokyo Joe (0 days)^{[Note 1]}
Oldest winner	Bob Geigel (7009152539200000000♠48 years, 123 days)^{[Note 2]}
Youngest winner	Dick Murdoch (7008728071200000000♠23 years, 26 days)^{[Note 3]}
Heaviest champion	Klondike Bill (365 lb (166 kg))^{[Note 4]}
Lightest champion	Black Angus Campbell (224 lb (102 kg))^{[Note 5]}

The Heart of America Sports Attractions, or "NWA Central States" version of the NWA North American Tag Team Championship was a secondary Tag team championship promoted by the Heart of America Sports Attraction promotion, a National Wrestling Alliance territory based out of Kansas City, Missouri and was defended in Missouri, Kanasas and the surrounding states. The Championship was active from 1963 until 1973, originally designed to be a replacement for the NWA Central States Tag Team Championship and after 10 years was replaced with the Central States version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Because the championship was a professional wrestling championship, it was not won or lost competitively but instead by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion. The championship was awarded after the chosen team "won" a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport.^[2]

Documentation shows that a total of 44 individuals formed 39 different teams for a total of 58 Championship reigns, possibly more as there are periods where the championship history was not clearly documented. The fist champions were the team of Sonny Myers and Pat O'Connor and the final champions were Great Togo and Tokyo Joe. With Togo and Joe's victory the NWA North American Tag Team Championship was immediately replaced with the Central States version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Due to the replacement Togo and Joe's reign is the shorted with 0 minutes. The longest team reign was 267 as "Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel held the championship from September 22, 1966 until June 16, 1967. Brown and Geigel are the team with the most reigns, five in total and Bob Geigel is the person with the most individual reigns, twelve in total.

Title history

Key

Symbol	Meaning
#	The overall championship reign
Reign	The reign number for the specific set of wrestlers listed.
Event	The event promoted by the respective promotion in which the title changed hands
N/A	The specific information has not been found
—	Used for vacated reigns in order to not count it as an official reign
+	Indicates that the number of days held by this individual changes everyday.
(nlt)	Indicates that a title change took place "no later than" a certain date. Often because the date of a title change is not found but a date of a title defense by the champions is found.

#	Tag team name Wrestlers	Reign	Date	Days held	Location	Event	Notes
01 !1	Sonny Myers and Pat O'Connor	1	000000001963-12-19-0000December 19, 1963	7001630000000000000♠63	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	Myers and O'Connor defeated The Stomper and Mike Sharpe in tournament final
02 !2	Bob Geigel and Bill Miller	1	000000001964-02-20-0000February 20, 1964	7001920000000000000♠92	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
03 !3	Sonny Myers and Pat O'Connor	2	000000001964-05-22-0000May 22, 1964	1 !^{[Note 6]}	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
03.5 !
04 !4	Don Slatton and Moose Evans	1	(NLT) 000000001964-06-19-0000June 19, 1964	7002196000000000000♠196 !^{[Note 7]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
04.5 !
04.6 !—	Vacated	0 !N/A	000000001965-02-01-0000February 1965	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	Championship was vacated, no reason was found documented
06 !6	Doug Gilbert and Ron Reed	1	000000001965-02-19-0000February 19, 1965	7001140000000000000♠14 !^{[Note 9]}	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event	Defeated Dutch Savage and Tom Clark to win the vacant championship; also recognized as the NWA United States Tag Team Championship.
07 !7	Rocky Hamilton and Dutch Savage	1	000000001965-03-01-0000March 1965	!^{[Note 10]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
08 !8	Doug Gilbert and Ron Reed	2	000000001965-03-25-0000March 25, 1965	7001630000000000000♠63	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
09 !9	Bob Geigel (2) and Dutch Savage (2)	1	000000001965-05-27-0000May 27, 1965	7001460000000000000♠46	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
09.5 !—	Vacated	0 !N/A	000000001965-07-12-0000July 12, 1965	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	Vacated for unknown reasons
10	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (3)	1	000000001965-08-01-0000August 1965	7002261000000000000♠261 !^{[Note 11]}	Amarillo, Texas	Live event	Win tournament; may be held up after a match against Lou Thesz and Bob Ellis in December 1965.^[1]
11	Bob Ellis and The Stomper	1	000000001966-05-19-0000May 19, 1966	7001560000000000000♠56	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
12	Jack Donovan and The Viking	1	000000001966-07-14-0000July 14, 1966	7001700000000000000♠70	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
13	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (4)	2	000000001966-09-22-0000September 22, 1966	7002267000000000000♠267	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	^[1]
14	Ron Etchison and Sonny Myers (3)	1	000000001967-06-16-0000June 16, 1967	7002111000000000000♠111	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
15	Bob Ellis (2) and The Viking (2)	1	000000001967-10-05-0000October 5, 1967	7001140000000000000♠14	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
16	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (5)	3	000000001967-10-19-0000October 19, 1967	7001840000000000000♠84	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	^[1]
17	Ron Etchison (2) and Klondike Bill	1	000000001968-01-11-0000January 11, 1968	7001210000000000000♠21	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
18	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (6)	4	000000001968-02-01-0000February 1, 1968	7001980000000000000♠98	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	^[1]
19	Ron Etchison (3) and Sonny Myers (4)	2	000000001968-05-09-0000May 9, 1968	7001770000000000000♠77	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
20	Roger Kirby and The Viking (3)	1	000000001968-07-25-0000July 25, 1968	7001350000000000000♠35	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
21	Ron Etchison (4) and Sonny Myers (5)	3	000000001968-08-29-0000August 29, 1968	7000800000000000000♠8	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
22	"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel (7)	5	000000001968-09-05-0000September 5, 1968	7001560000000000000♠56	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	^[1]
23	Terry Martin and Tommy Martin	1	000000001968-10-31-0000October 31, 1968	7000700000000000000♠7	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
24	The Outlaws (Dick Murdoch and Dusty Rhodes)	1	000000001968-11-07-0000November 7, 1968	7001500000000000000♠50	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	^[3]
25	Bob Geigel (8) and The Viking (4)	1	000000001968-12-27-0000December 27, 1968	7002132000000000000♠132	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
26	K.O. Kox and Dick Murdoch (2)	1	000000001969-05-08-0000May 8, 1969	7001350000000000000♠35	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
27	Luke Brown and Tor Kamata	1	000000001969-06-12-0000June 12, 1969	7001170000000000000♠17	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
28	K.O. Kox and Dick Murdoch (3)	2	000000001969-06-19-0000June 19, 1969	7001110000000000000♠11 !^{[Note 12]}	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
29	Luke Brown (2) and Danny Little Bear	1	000000001969-06-30-0000June 30, 1969 or 000000001969-07-31-0000July 31, 1969	7001500000000000000♠50 !^{[Note 13]}	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
29.5 !—	Vacated	0 !N/A	000000001969-09-19-0000September 19, 1969	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	0 !N/A	Championship was vacated when Luke Brown walked out on Danny Little Bear during a match.
30	Danny Little Bear (2) and Stan Pulaski	1	000000001969-09-18-0000September 18, 1969	7001140000000000000♠14	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event	Defeated Tarzan Tyler and The Great Kojika in the finals of a tournament
31	Luke Brown (3) and The Ox	1	000000001969-10-02-0000October 2, 1969	7001360000000000000♠36	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
32	Danny Little Bear (3) and The Viking (5)	1	000000001969-11-07-0000November 7, 1969	7001130000000000000♠13	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
33	K.O. Kox (3) and Killer Karl Kox	1	000000001969-11-20-0000November 20, 1969	1 !^{[Note 14]}	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
34	Bob Geigel (9) and The Stomper (2)	1	(NLT) 000000001970-02-16-0000February 16, 1970	7001160000000000000♠16 !^{[Note 15]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
35	K.O. Kox (4) and Killer Karl Kox	2	(NLT) 000000001970-03-04-0000March 4, 1970	7001470000000000000♠47 !^{[Note 16]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
36	Bob Geigel (10) and The Stomper (3)	2	000000001970-04-13-0000April 13, 1970	7000700000000000000♠7	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
37	K.O. Kox (5) and Killer Karl Kox	3	000000001970-04-20-0000April 20, 1970	1 !^{[Note 17]}	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
37.5 !
38	Harley Race and Baron von Raschke	1	(NLT) 000000001970-05-15-0000May 15, 1970	7002113000000000000♠113 !^{[Note 18]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event	Records are not clear on who Race and Von Raschke defeated to win the championship
39	Danny Little Bear (4) and Rufus R. Jones	1	000000001970-09-01-0000September 1970	!^{[Note 19]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
39.5 !
40	Rufus R. Jones (2) and The Stomper (4)	1	(NLT) 000000001970-11-27-0000November 27, 1970	7001210000000000000♠21 !^{[Note 20]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
40.5 !
41	Rock Hunter and Roger Kirby (2)	1	(NLT) 000000001970-12-18-0000December 18, 1970	1 !^{[Note 21]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
40.5 !
42	John Tolos and Baron Von Heisinger	1	(NLT) 000000001971-03-19-0000March 19, 1971	1 !^{[Note 22]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event	Defeated Pat O’Conner and Danny Little Bear.
43	Bob Geigel (11) and The Stomper (5)	3	(NLT) 000000001971-04-09-0000April 9, 1971	7001530000000000000♠53 !^{[Note 23]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
44	Buddy Austin and Bob Orton	1	000000001971-06-01-0000June 1971	7001430000000000000♠43 !^{[Note 24]}	^{[Note 8]}
45	Steve Bolus and Rufus R. Jones (3)	1	000000001971-08-12-0000August 12, 1971	1 !^{[Note 25]}	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
46	Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokouchi	1	(NLT) 000000001971-10-15-0000October 15, 1971	7001350000000000000♠35 !^{[Note 26]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
47	The Stomper (6) and The Viking (6)	1	000000001971-11-19-0000November 19, 1971	1 !^{[Note 27]}	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
48	Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokouchi	2	(NLT) 000000001971-12-08-0000December 8, 1971	7001500000000000000♠50 !^{[Note 28]}	^{[Note 8]}	Live event
49	Omar Atlas and Danny Little Bear (5)	1	000000001972-01-27-0000January 27, 1972	7001140000000000000♠14	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
50	Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokouchi	3	000000001972-02-10-0000February 10, 1972	7001280000000000000♠28	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
51	Omar Atlas and Danny Little Bear (6)	2	000000001972-03-09-0000March 9, 1972	7000200000000000000♠2	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
52	Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokouchi	4	000000001972-03-11-0000March 11, 1972	7001410000000000000♠41	Wichita, Kansas	Live event
53	Danny Little Bear (7) and The Stomper (7)	1	000000001972-04-21-0000April 21, 1972	7001690000000000000♠69	St. Joseph, Missouri	Live event
54	Black Angus Campbell and Roger Kirby (3)	1	000000001972-06-29-0000June 29, 1972	7002111000000000000♠111	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
55	Rufus R. Jones (4) and The Stomper (8)	1	000000001972-10-18-0000October 18, 1972	7001150000000000000♠15	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
56	Roger Kirby (4) and Harley Race (2)	1	000000001972-11-02-0000November 2, 1972	7001730000000000000♠73	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
57	Bob Geigel (12) and Rufus R. Jones (5)	1	000000001973-02-01-0000February 1, 1973	7001350000000000000♠35	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
58	Great Togo and Tokyo Joe	1	000000001973-03-08-0000March 8, 1973	0	Kansas City, Kansas	Live event
58.1 !The championship was replaced with NWA World Tag Team Championship with Togo and Tokyo Joe's victory.

Team reigns by combined length

Key

Symbol	Meaning
¤	The exact length of at least one title reign is uncertain, so the shortest possible length is used.

Rank	Team	No. of reigns	Combined days
01 !1	Brown, Geigel !"Bulldog" Bob Brown and Bob Geigel	5	710¤
02 !2	Slatton, Evans !Don Slatton and Moose Evans	1	196¤
03 !2	Etchison, Myers !Ron Etchison and Sonny Myers	3	196
04 !4	Fuji, Yokouchi !Yasu Fuji and Chati Yokouchi	1	154¤
05 !5	Geigel, Viking !Bob Geigel and The Viking	1	132
06 !6	Race, Von Raschke !Harley Race and Baron von Raschke	1	113¤
07 !7	Campbell, Kirby !Black Angus Campbell and Roger Kirby	1	111
08 !8	Geigel, Miller !Bob Geigel and Bill Miller	1	092 !92
09 !9	Gilbert, Reed !Doug Gilbert and Ron Reed	2	077 !77¤
10	Geigel, Stomper !Bob Geigel and The Stomper	3	076 !76¤
11	Kirby, Race !Roger Kirby and Harley Race	1	073 !73
12	Donovan, Viking !Jack Donovan and The Viking	1	070 !70
13	Little Bear, Stomper !Danny Little Bear and The Stomper	1	069 !69
14	Myers, Oconnor !Sonny Myers and Pat O'Connor	2	064 !64¤
15	Ellis, Stopmer !Bob Ellis and The Stomper	1	056 !56
16	Brown, Little Bear !Luke Brown and Danny Little Bear	1	050 !50¤
17	Outlaws !The Outlaws (Dick Murdoch and Dusty Rhodes)	1	050 !50
18	Kox, Kox !K.O. Kox and Killer Karl Kox	3	049 !49¤
19	Geigel, Savage !Bob Geigel and Dutch Savage	1	046 !46
20	Kox, Murdoch !K.O. Kox and Dick Murdoch	2	046 !46¤
21	Austion, Orton !Buddy Austin and Bob Orton	1	043 !43¤
22	Brown, Ox !Luke Brown and The Ox	1	036 !36
23	Jones, Stomper !Rufus R. Jones and The Stomper	2	036 !36¤
24	Geigel, Jones !Bob Geigel and Rufus R. Jones	1	035 !35
25	Kirby, Viking !Roger Kirby and The Viking	1	035 !35
26	Etchison, Klondike !Ron Etchison and Klondike Bill	1	021 !21
27	Brown, Kamata !Luke Brown and Tor Kamata	1	017 !17
28	Atlas, Little Bear !Omar Atlas and Danny Little Bear	2	016 !16
29	Ellis, Viking !Bob Ellis and The Viking	1	014 !14
30	Little Bear, Pulaski !Danny Little Bear and Stan Pulaski	1	014 !14¤
31	Little Bear, Viking !Danny Little Bear and The Viking	1	013 !13
32	Martin, Martin !Terry Martin and Tommy Martin	1	007 !7
33	Little Bear, Jones !Danny Little Bear and Rufus R. Jones	1	001 !1¤
34	Tolos, Von Heisinger !John Tolos and Baron Von Heisinger	1	001 !1¤
35	Hunter, Kirby !Rock Hunter and Roger Kirby	1	001 !1¤
36	Hamilton, Savage !Rocky Hamilton and Dutch Savage	1	001 !1¤
37	Bolus, Jones !Steve Bolus and Rufus R. Jones	1	001 !1¤
38	Stomper, Viking !The Stomper and The Viking	4	001 !1¤
39	Great, Tokyo !Great Togo and Tokyo Joe	1	000 !0

Individual reigns by combined length

Key

Symbol	Meaning
¤	The exact length of at least one title reign is uncertain, so the shortest possible length is used.

Rank	Wrestler	No. of reigns	Combined days
01 !1	Geigel, BobBob Geigel	12	1091 !1,091¤
02 !2	Brown !"Bulldog" Bob Brown	5	0710 !710¤
03 !3	Etchison !Ron Etchison	4	0582 !582
04 !4	Viking !The Viking	5	0265 !265¤
05 !5	Stomper !The Stomper	11	0238 !238¤
06 !6	Kirby !Roger Kirby	4	0220 !220¤
07 !7	Myers, SonnySonny Myers	5	0217 !217¤
08 !8	Slatton !Don Slatton	1	0196 !196¤
09 !9	Race, HarleyHarley Race	2	0196 !196¤
10	Evans !Moose Evans	1	0196 !196¤
11	Little Bear, DannyDanny Little Bear	7	0163 !163¤
12	Yokouchi !Chati Yokouchi	1	0154 !154¤
13	Fuji !Yasu Fuji	1	0154 !154¤
14	von Raschke, BaronBaron von Raschke	1	0113 !113¤
15	Campbell, Black AngusBlack Angus Campbell	1	0111 !111
16	Brown, LukeLuke Brown	3	0103 !103¤
17	Murdoch, DickDick Murdoch	3	0096 !96¤
18	Kox, KO !K.O. Kox	5	0095 !95¤
19	Miller !Bill Miller	1	0092 !92
20	Gilbert !Doug Gilbert	2	0077 !77¤
21	Reed !Ron Reed	2	0077 !77¤
22	Jones, Rufus R.Rufus R. Jones	5	0073 !73¤
23	Ellis !Bob Ellis	2	0070 !70
24	Donovan !Jack Donovan	1	0070 !70
25	Oconnor !Pat O'Connor	2	0064 !64¤
26	Rhodes !Dusty Rhodes	1	0050 !50
27	Kox, Killer KarlKiller Karl Kox	3	0049 !49¤
28	Savage, DutchDutch Savage	2	0047 !47¤
29	Orton, BobBob Orton	1	0043 !43¤
30	Austin !Buddy Austin	1	0043 !43¤
31	Ox !The Ox	1	0036 !36
32	Klondike !Klondike Bill	1	0021 !21
33	Kamata, TorTor Kamata	1	0017 !17
34	Atlas, OmarOmar Atlas	2	0016 !16
35	Pulaski !Stan Pulaski	1	0014 !14¤
36	Martin, Terry !Terry Martin	1	0007 !7
37	Martin, Tommy !Tommy Martin	1	0007 !7
38	Von Heisinger !Baron Von Heisinger	1	0001 !1¤
39	Tolos, JohnJohn Tolos	1	0001 !1¤
40	Hunter !Rock Hunter	1	0001 !1¤
41	Hamilton !ocky Hamilton	1	0001 !1¤
42	Bolus !Steve Bolus	1	0001 !1¤
43	Great Togo !Great Togo	1	0000 !0
44	Tokyo !Tokyo Joe	1	0000 !0

Footnotes

↑ The championship was effectively abandoned the moment the match was won.
↑ Records in the birth dates of wrestlers from this era are not complete, it is possible there was an older champion.
↑ Records in the birth dates of wrestlers from this era are not complete, it is possible there was a younger champion.
↑ Records for the weight of some wrestlers from this era are not complete, it is possible there was a heavier champion.
↑ Records for the weight of some wrestlers from this era are not complete, it is possible there was a lighter champion.
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001280000000000000♠28 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7002196000000000000♠196 days and 7002244000000000000♠244 days
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 The exact location was not documented for this title change.
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001140000000000000♠14 days and 7001330000000000000♠33 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001200000000000000♠20 days
↑ The date the championship was won has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7002261000000000000♠261 days and 7002291000000000000♠291 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001110000000000000♠11 days and 7001420000000000000♠42 days
↑ The date the championship was won has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001500000000000000♠50 days and 7002173000000000000♠173 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001880000000000000♠88 days
↑ The date the championship was won has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001160000000000000♠16 days and 7002103000000000000♠103 days
↑ The date the championship was won has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001470000000000000♠47 days and 7001620000000000000♠62 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001250000000000000♠25 days
↑ The date the championship was won and 'ost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7002113000000000000♠113 days and 7002156000000000000♠156 days
↑ The date the championship was won and lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7002132000000000000♠132 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001210000000000000♠21 days and 7001780000000000000♠78 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001200000000000000♠20 days
↑ The date the championship was won and lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7002110000000000000♠110 days
↑ The date the championship was won and lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001530000000000000♠53 days and 7002103000000000000♠103 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001430000000000000♠43 days and 7001720000000000000♠72 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001640000000000000♠64 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001350000000000000♠35 days and 7001980000000000000♠98 days
↑ The date the championship was lost has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 1 day and 7001190000000000000♠19 days
↑ The date the championship was won has not been documented which means the championship reign lasted anywhere between 7001500000000000000♠50 days and 7001680000000000000♠68 days

References

General references

Royal Duncan and Gary Will (2006). "(Kansas and Western Missouri) West Missouri: North American Tag Team Title". Wrestling Title Histories. Archeus Communications. p. 253. ISBN 0-9698161-5-4.
"NWA North American Tag Team Title (Central States version)". wrestling-titles.com. Retrieved March 24, 2015.

Specific references

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Greg Oliver and Steve Johnson (2005). "The Territorial Era (Mid-1960s to Mid-1980s): Bob Geigel and Bob Brown". The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Tag Teams. ECW Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN 978-1-5502-2683-6.
↑ Ed Grabianowski. "How Pro Wrestling Works". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
↑ Greg Oliver and Steve Johnson (2005). "The Territorial Era (Mid-1960s to mid-1980s): The Outlaws". The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Tag Teams. ECW Press. pp. 217–220. ISBN 978-1-5502-2683-6.