NASA Astronaut Group 12
NASA's Astronaut Group 12 (the GAFFers) was announced by NASA on 5 June 1987.
Group members
Pilots
- Andrew M. Allen (born 1955), U.S. Marine Corps (3 flights)[1]
- Kenneth D. Bowersox (born 1956), U.S. Navy (5 flights)[2]
- STS-50 Columbia - Pilot
- STS-61 Endeavour - Pilot
- STS-73 Columbia - Commander
- STS-82 Discovery - Commander
- STS-113 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 3 (launched only)
- ISS Expedition 6 - ISS Commander
- Soyuz TMA-1 - Flight Engineer (landed only)
- Curtis L. Brown, Jr. (born 1956), U.S. Air Force (6 flights)[3]
- STS-47 Endeavour - Pilot
- STS-66 Atlantis - Pilot
- STS-77 Endeavour - Pilot
- STS-85 Discovery - Commander
- STS-95 Discovery - Commander
- STS-103 Discovery - Commander
- Kevin P. Chilton (born 1954), U.S. Air Force (3 flights)[4]
- Donald R. McMonagle (born 1952), U.S. Air Force (3 flights)[5]
- William F. Readdy (born 1952), U.S. Navy (3 flights)[6]
- Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. (born 1951), U.S. Navy (2 flights)[7]
Mission specialists
- Thomas D. Akers (born 1951), U.S. Air Force (4 flights)[8]
- STS-41 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3
- STS-49 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 4
- STS-61 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 5
- STS-79 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 1
- N. Jan Davis (born 1953), Engineer (3 flights)[9]
- STS-47 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 2
- STS-60 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-85 Discovery - Payload Commander
- C. Michael Foale (born 1957), Astrophysicist (6 flights)[10]
- STS-45 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3
- STS-56 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-63 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-84 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 5 (launched only)
- Mir EO-23/Mir EO-24 - Flight Engineer 2
- STS-86 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 5 (landed only)
- STS-103 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3
- Soyuz TMA-3 - Flight Engineer
- ISS Expedition 8 - ISS Commander
- Gregory J. Harbaugh (born 1956), Engineer (4 flights)[11]
- STS-39 Discovery - Mission Specialist 2
- STS-54 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 2
- STS-71 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-82 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3
- Mae C. Jemison (born 1956), Physician (1 flight)[12]
- Bruce E. Melnick (born 1949), U.S. Coat Guard (2 flights)[13]
- Mario Runco, Jr. (born 1952), U.S. Navy (3 flights)[14]
- STS-44 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 2
- STS-54 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-77 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 3
- James S. Voss (born 1949), U.S. Army (5 flights)[15]
- STS-44 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3
- STS-53 Discovery - Mission Specialist 2
- STS-69 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 1
- STS-101 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3
- STS-102 Discovery - Mission Specialist 4 (launched only)
- ISS Expedition 2 - Flight Engineer 2
- STS-105 Discovery - Mission Specialist 4 (landed only)
Further information
The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space, while Michael Foale would fly aboard the Mir space station. At the time of the Columbia accident in 2003, William Readdy was Associate Administrator for Space Flight and Kenneth Bowersox was commanding the Expedition 6 crew on the ISS. Chilton, after leaving NASA, became the first NASA astronaut to become a General in the U.S. Air Force (Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford, USAF, and VADM Richard Truly, USN were three-star officers) and is currently the commander of U.S. Strategic Command.
See also
- Astronaut
- List of astronauts by selection
- List of astronauts by name
- List of space travelers by name
- List of space travelers by nationality
References
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (September 2004). "Astronaut Bio: Andrew Allen (9/2004)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 2006). "Astronaut Bio: Ken Bowersox (10/2006)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (July 2007). "Astronaut Bio: C. Brown (7/2007)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 2008). "Astronaut Bio: Kevin Chilton (3/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 1998). "Astronaut Bio: Donald R. McMongale (8/1998)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2006). "Astronaut Bio: William F. Readdy (1/2006)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 2008). "Astronaut Bio: K.S. Reightler (8/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (June 2000). "Astronaut Bio: T. Akers (6/2000)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2006). "Astronaut Bio: N. Jan Davis (1/2006)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2008). "Astronaut Bio: C. Michael Foale (1/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (April 2001). "Astronaut Bio: G. Harbaugh (4/2001)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 1993). "Astronaut Bio: Mae C. Jemison (3/1993)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 2004). "Astronaut Bio: Bruce E. Melnick (3/2004)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (January 2008). "Astronaut Bio: Mario Runco (1/2008)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ↑ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (October 2005). "Astronaut Bio: James S. Voss (10/2005)". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
External links
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