Moss Side

Moss Side
Alexandra Park Estate in Moss Side, looking towards the Beetham Tower
Moss Side  Moss Side shown within Greater Manchester
Population	18,902 (2011)
OS grid reference	SJ835955
– London	162 mi (261 km) SE
Metropolitan borough	Manchester
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	MANCHESTER
Postcode district	M16, M14
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Manchester Central
List of places UK England Greater Manchester

Coordinates: 53°27′22″N 2°14′24″W / 53.456°N 2.240°W / 53.456; -2.240

Moss Side is an inner-city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England. It lies 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Manchester city centre and had a population of 18,902 at the 2011 census.^[1] Moss Side is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Hulme to the north, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Rusholme and Fallowfield to the east, Whalley Range to the south, and Old Trafford to the west.

In and around Moss Side are the public parks of Whitworth Park and Alexandra Park. The east of Moss Side is close to the Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan universities and is a popular residential area for students.^[2] Between 1923 and 2003, Manchester City played at Maine Road in Moss Side.

History

Historically a part of Lancashire, Moss Side was formerly a rural township and chapelry within the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford. Thought to be named after a great moss which stretched from Rusholme to Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the earliest mention of the area is in 1533 when it contained part of the estates of Trafford.^[3] Moss Side is described in the opening chapter of Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton as a rural idyll with a 'deep clear pool' and an old black and white timber framed farmhouse, later identified as Pepperhill Farm.^[3] Following the Industrial Revolution there was a process of unplanned urbanisation and a rapid increase in population size. The population in 1801 was 151 but by 1901 this had increased to 26,677.^[3] The industrial growth of the area resulted in a densely populated area, so much so, that a part of the township of Moss Side was amalgamated into the expanding city of Manchester in 1885, with the rest joining in 1904.^[4]

Mass development in Moss Side occurred in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when large numbers of red brick terraced houses were built, and soon attracted numerous Irish immigrants and other working people.

Manchester City F.C. moved to a new stadium on Maine Road on 25 August 1923, having moved from Hyde Road, Ardwick; on its opening it was one of the most capacious sports stadiums in the United Kingdom, capable of holding up to 85,000 spectators. The club would play there for the next 80 years.^[5]

During the Manchester Blitz in the Second World War many of the terraced houses were damaged by German bombing on the night of 22/23 December 1940.

Migrants from the Indian subcontinent and Caribbean settled in the locality during the 1950s and 1960s, and by the 1980s Moss Side was the hub of Manchester's Afro-Caribbean community.^[6]

During the 1960s and early 1970s, Manchester City Council demolished many of the Victorian and Edwardian terraced houses to the west of Moss Side and replaced these with new residential properties.

In 1981, the Moss Side area was one of England's inner city areas affected by a series of riots. Analysts trace the 1970s origins of Manchester's gang crime to social deprivation in the south-central part of the city — Hulme, Longsight and Moss Side — where the activity of the underground economy encouraged a trade in illegal narcotics and firearms contributing to Manchester's later nickname of "Gunchester".^[7] "Turf wars" between rival drugs 'gangs', resulted in a high number of fatal shootings.^[6] During what has been termed the Madchester phase of the history of Manchester, narcotic trade in the city became "extremely lucrative" and in the early 1990s a gang war started between two groups vying for control of the market in Manchester city centre — the 'Cheetham Hill Gang' and The 'Gooch Close Gang', in Cheetham Hill and Moss Side, respectively.^[8] There were several high-profile shootings associated with gangs and drugs in this area during the 1990s and into the 21st century.^[7][9] The last gang related gun fatality in Moss Side was in 2006.^[6] Aided by the work of Xcalibre, the Greater Manchester Police's task force, founded in 2004, and the multiagency Integrated Gang Management Unit, gang related shootings in the area have fallen by about 90% in recent years.^[10][11][12]

In April 1994, The Independent newspaper highlighted Moss Side as one of the most deprived areas on Britain, and as having some of the highest crime rates. Drug abuse was described as one of the area's biggest problems, with gun crime rates being so high that there had recently been 400 armed incidents reported within a 12-month period. Ambulance crews had resorted to wearing body armour after having to deal with a string of mostly drug-related shootings. Several doctors had been robbed of medical bags at knife point after being called out to local patients. A number of police vehicles had been fire-bombed and there had been reports of attempted ambushes on police patrols. Unemployment stood at nearly 30% - up to three times the national average in the early 1990s.^[13]

Many of the flats in neighbouring Hulme were demolished in the 1990s to make way for new low rise homes. Housing on the Alexandra Park Estate in the west of Moss Side has been renovated and the streets redesigned to reduce the fear of crime.^[14]

Governance

Moss Side is a ward within the local authority of Manchester City Council. The ward is represented by Labour Councillors Sameen Ali, Mahadi Sharif Mahamed and Emily Rowles. ^[15]

Moss Side is part of the Manchester Central constituency, represented by the Labour Party MP Lucy Powell.

Geography

Moss Side lies either side of the A5103 (Princess Road), the main road out of Manchester towards Northenden, Manchester Airport, the M56 motorway and Chester. Parallel to this is Alexandra Road, which continues as Alexandra Road South past Alexandra Park (Alexandra Road was formerly one of two main shopping streets in Moss Side). Landmarks on Princess Road are the Royal Brewery and the Princess Road Bus Depot, built originally for the tramways in 1909 and used by Stagecoach Manchester until 2010.^[16][17]

The western border of the Moss Side Ward is bounded in part by Withington Road. Parts of the eastern border are bounded by Wilmslow Road, where it meets Whitworth Park, and Parkfield Street. To the south, the border includes Alexandra Park, Horton Road and part of Platt Lane. To the north, the ward border mainly runs along Moss Lane East.^[18]

The built environment of Moss Side is broadly characterised as a high-density residential area. This includes mainly Victorian and Edwardian terraces to the east and centre, with more recent developments, primarily the Alexandra Park Estate, built in the 1970s to the west of Princess Road.

The Moss Side Sports and Leisure Complex (north of Moss Lane West) was upgraded for the 2002 Commonwealth Games and has a gym and a variety of other sporting facilities.

Neighbouring districts and places.

	Old Trafford	Hulme	Chorlton-on-Medlock
	Old Trafford Whalley Range		Rusholme
		Moss Side
	Whalley Range	Whalley Range Fallowfield	Fallowfield

Redevelopment and regeneration

Moss Side has benefited from very substantial redevelopment and regeneration since the mid-1990s including improvement of the existing housing and residential environment along with several major housing projects currently in process or nearing completion. There has been considerable renovation of existing housing stock, such as local terrace housing and the Alexandra Park Estate, .^[14]

A large site on Great Western Street has been developed by Moss Care Housing Ltd. to provide a mix of 2,3 and 4 bedroom properties, with different tenures, some rental and others offered as shared ownership or for sale.^[19]

The former Manchester City F.C. Maine Road site is in the process of redevelopment, marketed as Maine Place, primarily as 2, 3 and 4 bedroom houses but including a limited number of flats, for sale or shared ownership, with many homes completed and occupied, along with a primary school, now open, and a health centre planned.^[20]

The Bowes Street area, adjoining Princess Road, has been redeveloped, at the cost of £17 million, including the renovation or transformation, with some new build, of 155 properties in five streets.^{[21][22][23][24][25]} Reported as being 'built or converted to a very high standard of eco-friendliness, with solar panels, water butts, thermal “skin” insulation and sun pipes being used' and aiming to offer 2, 3 and 4 bedroom homes with 'low running costs', the development plan states its aim, along with that at Maine Road, as being to provide mixed type "higher specification" housing, "diversify tenure" and promote the area as a "neighbourhood of choice".^[23][24]

Marketed as "Infusion Homes", the properties were launched on the market on 26 February 2011. On 9 May, sales demand was reported as strong, with 60% of the properties having been sold.^[26] On 11 May the development was awarded the UK's Best Affordable Housing Scheme at the national Housing Excellence Awards 2011^[27][28]

Land adjacent to the development, formerly occupied by Bilsborrow primary school and the Stagecoach bus depot, both demolished as part of regeneration, remains vacant with no clear future use at present, though local community groups have short term plans to utilize the space for a gardening/food growing project.^[29]

The impact of regeneration and redevelopment in changing perceptions of the area was demonstrated in The Guardian Saturday magazine, dated 8 September 2012, when Moss Side appeared in the long running Let's Move To series.^[30]

Industry

Brewing

Moss Side has a long history of brewing, dating from the nineteenth century.

The Royal Brewery brewed Kestrel, McEwan's and Harp Lager until recently but is now owned by Heineken for the production of Foster's Lager. There has been a brewery on this site since 1875.^[31] Originally built as the Albert Brewery, by 1915 it had become known as the Moss Side Brewery. A report in the 1880s commented:

'The water at the brewery is of exceptionally good quality, containing all the necessary elements for producing the finest ales, which cannot be surpassed in the district for their brightness, purity and flavour"^[31]

The Brewery was later acquired by Walker and Homfrays and merged into Wilsons in 1949. The brewery again merged with Websters brewery in 1985, was sold to Courage in 1990, before takeover by Heineken in 2008.^[32] Prior to its expansion, part of the site of the Royal Brewery, where Moss Lane East meets Princess Road, was occupied by a library, fire station and police station.^[31]

Hydes Brewery brewery on Moss Lane West was built in 1861, established by the Graetorix Brothers and originally known as the Queen's Brewery. It was sold to Hydes in 1898 and became known as Hydes Anvil Brewery.^[31] Beer was brewed at the site until 2012, when Hydes moved production to a new building in Salford.^[33][34] The brewery building itself is grade II listed and is awaiting redevelopment.^[35][36]

Established in 2010, the Moss Cider Project is a local community enterprise which takes donations of apples from trees in Moss Side and the surrounding area and makes them into cider and apple juice. Those who donate the apples get a share of what is produced.^[37]

Universities

Moss Side is near the University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, and, situated further north, Manchester Metropolitan University. In 2009, Manchester Metropolitan University announced its plan to construct a new £120m campus at Birley Fields in nearby Hulme.^[38]

Other industry

The northern England office of Aquatech Pressmain, which specialises in the 'supply of fluid pumping equipment to the Building Services, Process and Water Industries',^[39] is located in Moss Side.

Bridgewater Hospital, on Princess Road, is a private hospital that provides a range of healthcare treatments.

Demography

In 2007, the Moss Side ward was estimated to have a total population of 17,537, of which 8,785 were male and 8,752 were female.^[40] Moss Side is noted as an area with a greater population density and a faster population growth than other areas of the city of Manchester, with an increase of 17.4% between 2001 and 2007.^[40] The "Moss Side ward profile: Version 2010/1", produced by Manchester City Council, points to a significant shift in the demography of Moss Side, in terms of age structure, from the middle of the last decade and projected into the middle of this decade, with more in the under 10 and 25–35 age groups, suggesting an increase in families with younger children.^[40] Other sources indicate an accompanying change in Moss Side's ethnic population, with an estimated marked percentage increase in the Afro-Caribbean, Indian, Somali, Chinese and Eastern European communities between 2007 and 2015.^[41][42][43]

Changing age structure of the population

Estimated change in age groups for 2011 and 2015
Moss Side	All persons		Change 2007–11:		Change 2011–15:
	2011	2015	Number	% change	Number	% change
All Ages	18,745	19,794	1208	6.9%	1048	5.6%
0–4	1,841	1,995	317	20.8%	154	8.4%
5–9	1,317	1,551	116	9.6%	234	17.8%
10–14	902	959	-133	-12.8%	56	6.2%
15–19	1,445	1,332	-149	-9.3%	-113	-7.8%
20–24	2,898	2,770	146	5.3%	-128	-4.4%
25–29	2,483	2,643	414	20.0%	160	6.4%
30–34	1,759	2,103	394	28.9%	344	19.5%
35–39	1,098	1,244	6	0.5%	147	13.4%
40–44	1,052	1,057	46	4.6%	5	0.5%
45–49	863	899	67	8.4%	36	4.2%
50–54	668	724	31	4.9%	56	8.4%
55–59	476	528	-36	-7.1%	52	10.9%
60–64	524	493	90	20.8%	-31	-5.9%
65–69	460	537	-23	-4.8%	77	16.7%
70–74	383	368	-27	-6.6%	-15	-3.8%
75–79	284	294	-22	-7.1%	10	3.6%
80–84	177	174	-28	-13.4%	-3	-2.0%
85+	115	122	-1	-1.0%	8	6.6%
Manchester	492,800	520,500	34,664	7.6%	27,700	5.6%

Source: Manchester City Council^[44]

Community

Moss Side has longstanding Afro-Caribbean and South Asian populations. There has also been a recent increase in residents from other communities, including those from Somalia and Eastern Europe.^[45]

A number of local community and voluntary groups provide social support, as well as cultural and leisure opportunities to each of these communities.^[46] These organisations and institutions include The West Indian Sports and Social Club, the African and Caribbean Mental Health Service, and the African-Caribbean Care Group, which serve the Afro-Caribbean community.^[47][48] The Caribbean Carnival of Manchester is also held in the area every August, usually in Alexandra Park.^[49] The Indian Senior Citizens group provides support for the elderly within the Indian community.^[47] Additionally, the Somali Bravanese Sisters and the Polish School Manchester cater to the Somali and Polish communities, respectively.^[50][51]

The Reno was a late night club at the junction of Princess Road and Moss Lane East in Moss Side. The Reno and the Nile (upstairs from the Reno) were Manchester's most famous drinking clubs for the city's West Indian community and played a key role in the development of black culture in the city.^[52]

Moss Side is also home to a population with a keen interest in green politics and sustainable living, with initiatives such as the Moss Cider Project and Carbon Co-op. Moss Side Community Allotment states its aim as involving volunteers in growing and making available locally produced organic food.^[53] A local disused space, known as 'The Triangle', involved a community group in regenerating wasteground into a communal garden.^[54] Other groups, such as Bowes Street Residents Association have sought to 'green' the area through the use of 'alley gating' and planting in contained alleys.^[55] The 'meanwhile garden' on the site of the former bus depot is currently being turned into an apple orchard.^[56] With the aim of changing perceptions of the area, a group of local residents acting as 'community ambassadors' was also formed in January 2012.^[57]

The Millennium Powerhouse youth service caters for 8- to 25-year-olds and includes a music studio, fitness studio, dance studio, sports hall and offers information and advice to young people, including a library, along with recreational and sport groups. Windrush Millennium Centre, which provides adult education and other community facilities, is situated on Alexandra Road. Additionally, the area features a number of Polish and Indian restaurants and eateries.^[58][59] It has also in recent years seen the opening of several Somali cafes.^[30]

Education

In 2003, the Ducie High School was replaced by the independently run Manchester Academy, with the aim of overcoming barriers to education and achievement faced by young people in the community. In April 2009, the Manchester Evening News reported the Academy has met with success in raising educational standards in the area and, by 2010, 81% of pupils achieved A*–C grades at GCSE, compared with 13% at the former Ducie High School.^[60][61] In November 2009, it won the Academy Partnership Award,^[62] at the UK Education Business Awards, whilst, in July 2010, Academy pupils were named as national debating finalists at the Debate Mate competition at the House of Lords. In December 2010, it was reported that this 'once failing school' was 'now named as one of [the] UK's best'.^[63]

The area has four primary schools: St Mary's Church of England, Claremont, Webster and the new Divine Mercy Roman Catholic, on the site of the former 'Maine Road' Manchester City Football Club stadium, created from the merger of St Edward's and Bishop Bilsborrow Memorial Roman Catholic schools.^[21] In July 2014, St Mary's Church of England Primary School won the Times Educational Supplement national Primary School of the Year award.^[64]

The Windrush Millennium Centre on Alexandra Road provides facilities for courses of college and adult education, including some run by the City College Manchester and Manchester College of Arts and Technology. Manchester City Council runs the Greenheys Adult Learning Centre on Upper Lloyd Street.

Religion

The original St James's Church (Church of England), Princess Road, was built in 1887–88 (architect John Lowe): of red brick in the Perpendicular revival style. This has now been replaced by a modern brick building which also contains offices used by local community groups.

Christ Church, Lloyd Street North, is an Anglican church of 1899–1904 by W. Cecil Hardisty and is a Grade II* listed building as of 24 April 1987.^[65]

There are two Roman Catholic churches, the Church of Divine Mercy, a Polish church founded in 1961, which is on Moss Lane East; and the Church of Our Lady (founded 1949). The Polish church occupies a former Methodist chapel built about 1875 in the Neo-Gothic style and contains stained glass windows commemorating victims of the Holocaust. It is a few yards south of Christ Church.^[66][67]

The former Swedenborgian Church also dates from 1888 and is Neo-Gothic in style.^[68]

Sports

From 1923, Moss Side was the location of Manchester City F.C.'s stadium at Maine Road which on several occasions in its early years drew crowds of more than 80,000. However its capacity was gradually reduced over the years and by the mid-1990s it held just under 35,000 spectators all seated. Plans to rebuild the stadium to seat 45,000 were abandoned in favour of moving to the City of Manchester Stadium. Maine Road has since been demolished and a mixed development of two-, three-, and four-bedroom houses, flats, a health centre and a primary school has been built on the site.^[20]

Notable people

The author Anthony Burgess, although born in Harpurhey, lived in Moss Side as a child,^[69] as did historian Michael Wood who grew up in Moss Side as well. The political activist Emmeline Pankhurst was born in Moss Side.^[70] The DJ "A Guy Called Gerald", real name Gerald Simpson, grew up in Moss Side. British rock musician and composer Barry Adamson was born in Moss Side. His debut solo album Moss Side Story is an imaginary soundtrack to a thriller set in Moss Side ^[71]

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moss Side.

• Moss Side Manchester Archives+
• Black History trail