Messier 13

This article is about the globular cluster M13. For the galaxy cluster in Hercules, see Abell 2151.

wide field image using an 80mm refractor

Messier 13
The heart of Hercules Globular Cluster; Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Class	V^[1]
Constellation	Hercules
Right ascension	16^h 41^m 41.24^s^[2]
Declination	+36° 27′ 35.5″^[2]
Distance	22.2 kly (6.8 kpc)^[3]
Apparent magnitude (V)	+5.8^[4]
Apparent dimensions (V)	20 arcmins
Physical characteristics
Mass	7005600000000000000♠6×10⁵^[5] M_☉
Radius	84 ly^[6]
Metallicity	${\begin{smallmatrix}\left[{\ce {Fe}}/{\ce {H}}\right]\end{smallmatrix}}$ = –1.33^[7] dex
Estimated age	11.65 Gyr^[7]
Notable features	one of the best-known clusters of the northern hemisphere
Other designations	NGC 6205^[4]

Messier 13 (M13), also designated NGC 6205 and sometimes called the Great Globular Cluster in Hercules or the Hercules Globular Cluster, is a globular cluster of about 300,000 stars in the constellation of Hercules.

Discovery and visibility

M13 was discovered by Edmond Halley in 1714, and catalogued by Charles Messier on June 1, 1764.

It is located at right ascension 16^h 41.7^m and declination +36° 28'. With an apparent magnitude of 5.8, it is barely visible with the naked eye on a very clear night. Its diameter is about 23 arc minutes and it is readily viewable in small telescopes.^[8] Nearby is NGC 6207, a 12th magnitude edge-on galaxy that lies 28 arc minutes directly north east. A small galaxy, IC 4617, lies halfway between NGC 6207 and M13, north-northeast of the large globular cluster's center.

Wide field image of Messier 13.

Characteristics

M13 is about 145 light-years in diameter, and it is composed of several hundred thousand stars, the brightest of which is a red giant, the variable star V11, with an apparent visual magnitude of 11.95. M13 is 25,100 light-years away from Earth.

Arecibo message

The Arecibo message of 1974, which contained encoded information about the human race, DNA, atomic numbers, Earth's position and other information, was beamed from the Arecibo Observatory radio telescope towards M13 as an experiment in contacting potential extraterrestrial civilizations in the cluster. While the cluster will move through space during the transit time, the proper motion is small enough that the cluster will only move 24 light years, only a fraction of the diameter of the cluster. Thus, the message will still arrive near the center of the cluster.^[9]

Literary references

The science fiction novellas "Sucker Bait" by Isaac Asimov and "Question and Answer" by Poul Anderson take place on Troas, a world within M13.
In the science fiction series Perry Rhodan, M13 is the location of Arkon, the home world of the race of Arkonides.
In author Dan Simmon's Hyperion Cantos the Hercules cluster is where a copy of Earth was secretly recreated after the original was destroyed.
In the fantasy fiction series The Sphere's Legend, M13 is the location of Zim, the home world of the Zimians.
In The Sirens of Titan, Kurt Vonnegut writes "Every passing hour brings the Solar System forty-three thousand miles closer to Globular Cluster M13 in Hercules – and still there are some misfits who insist that there is no such thing as progress."
Deliberately engineering a star in Messier 13 to go nova was part of the Cybermen’s complicated plot in the 1968 Doctor Who story The Wheel in Space.
In Bill Amend's popular comic strip FoxTrot, Jason Fox mentions observing the M13 Globular Cluster.

M13 is in "armpit" of Hercules constellation

References

↑ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B. (August 1927), "A Classification of Globular Clusters", Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S.
1 2 Goldsbury, Ryan; et al. (December 2010), "The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (6): 1830–1837, arXiv:1008.2755, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830.
↑ Paust, Nathaniel E. Q.; et al. (February 2010), "The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. VIII. Effects of Environment on Globular Cluster Global Mass Functions", The Astronomical Journal, 139 (2): 476–491, Bibcode:2010AJ....139..476P, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/2/476.
1 2 "SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database". Results for NGC 6205. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
↑ Leonard, Peter J. T.; Richer, Harvey B.; Fahlman, Gregory G. (1992), "The mass and stellar content of the globular cluster M13", Astronomical Journal, 104: 2104, Bibcode:1992AJ....104.2104L, doi:10.1086/116386.
↑ distance × sin( diameter_angle / 2 ) = 84 ly radius
1 2 Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry (May 2010), "Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 404 (3): 1203–1214, arXiv:1001.4289, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x.
↑ https://messierobjects101.com/messier-object-m-13/
↑ "Science 2.0". In regard to the email from. Retrieved 2015-04-15.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Messier 13.

Messier 13, SEDS Messier pages
Red Giant variable stars
Messier 13, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page
Messier 13, High-resolution LRGB image based on 2 hrs total exposure
Messier 13, Amateur astrophotographer (hgg) photo using the 9.25" Celestron Telescope (85min exposure)
M13 Hercules Globular photo detail Dark Atmospheres
Messier 13, Image by Waid Observatory
NightSkyInfo.com – M13, the Hercules Globular Cluster
Photometric study of the V2 cepheid in M13
Period, Amplitude and Light Curve of V38 in M13
Great Globular Cluster in Hercules (Messier 13/NGC 6205)
Rothery, David; Bauer, Amanda; Dhillon, Vik; Lawrence, Pete; Chapman, Allan; Fohring, Dora. "M13 – Hercules Globular Cluster". Deep Sky Video. Brady Haran.

Messier 13 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images

Coordinates: 16^h 41^m 41.44^s, 36° 27′ 36.9″

Messier objects

List	M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 M33 M34 M35 M36 M37 M38 M39 M40 M41 M42 M43 M44 M45 M46 M47 M48 M49 M50 M51 M52 M53 M54 M55 M56 M57 M58 M59 M60 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66 M67 M68 M69 M70 M71 M72 M73 M74 M75 M76 M77 M78 M79 M80 M81 M82 M83 M84 M85 M86 M87 M88 M89 M90 M91 M92 M93 M94 M95 M96 M97 M98 M99 M100 M101 M102 M103 M104 M105 M106 M107 M108 M109 M110

See also	Caldwell catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars Herschel 400 Catalogue Index Catalogue New General Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue

Book Category Commons Portal

New General Catalogue 6000 to 6499

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Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects

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