Margaret Taylor-Burroughs

Margaret Burroughs
Born	(1915-11-01)November 1, 1915 St. Rose, Louisiana, U.S.
Died	November 21, 2010(2010-11-21) (aged 95) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	Englewood High School (now Englewood Technical Prep Academy), Chicago Chicago Teacher's College (now Chicago State University) School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Organization	South Side Community Art Center DuSable Museum of African American History
Spouse(s)	Bernard Goss Charles Gordon Burroughs
Children	Gayle Goss Toller Paul Burroughs
Parent(s)	Alexander Taylor Octavia Pierre Taylor
Awards	President's Humanitarian Award (President Gerald Ford), 1975 Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award, 1988 Paul Robeson Award, 1989 Art Institute of Chicago's Legends and Legacy Award, 2010

Margaret Taylor-Burroughs (November 1, 1915^[1][2] – November 21, 2010), also known as Margaret Taylor Goss, Margaret Taylor Goss Burroughs or Margaret T G Burroughs; was an American visual artist, writer, poet, educator, and arts organizer. She co-founded the Ebony Museum of Chicago, now the DuSable Museum of African American History. An active member of the African-American community, she also helped to establish the South Side Community Art Center, whose opening on May 1, 1941 ^[3] was dedicated by the First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt.^[4] There at the age of 23 Burroughs served as the youngest member of its board of directors. She was a prolific writer, with her efforts directed toward the exploration of the Black experience and to children, especially to their appreciation of their cultural identity and to their introduction and growing awareness of art. She is also credited with the founding of Chicago's Lake Meadows Art Fair in the early 1950s.

Early life and education

Burroughs was born Victoria Margaret Taylor in St. Rose, Louisiana, where her father worked as a farmer and laborer at a railroad warehouse and her mother as a domestic. The family moved to Chicago in 1920 when she was five years old.^[5] There she attended Englewood High School along with Gwendolyn Brooks, who in 1985-1986 served as Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (now United States Poet Laureate). As classmates, the two joined the NAACP Youth Council. She earned teacher's certificates from Chicago Teachers College in 1937. She helped found the South Side Community Arts Center in 1939 to serve as a social center, gallery, and studio to showcase African American artists. In 1946, Taylor-Burroughs earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in art education from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she also earned her Master of Arts degree in art education, in 1948. Taylor-Burroughs married the artist Bernard Goss (1913–1966), in 1939, and they divorced in 1947. In 1949, she married Charles Gordon Burroughs and they remained married for 45 years until his death in 1994.^[6]

Professional life

Taylor-Burroughs taught at DuSable High School on Chicago's South side from 1946 to 1969, and from 1969 to 1979 was a professor of humanities at Kennedy-King College, a community college in Chicago. She also taught African American Art and Culture at Elmhurst College in 1968. She was named Chicago Park District Commissioner by Harold Washington in 1985, a position she held until 2010.

She died on November 21, 2010.^[7]

The DuSable Museum

The first home of the DuSable Museum of African American History was located in this house, built for Chicago contractor John W. Griffiths in 1892 and purchased by Charles and Margaret Burroughs in 1959.

Margaret and her husband Charles co-founded what is now the DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago in 1961. The institution was originally known as the Ebony Museum of Negro History and Art and made its debut in the living room of their house at 3806 S. Michigan Avenue in the Bronzeville neighborhood on Chicago's south side,^[8] and Taylor-Burroughs served as its first Executive Director.^[9] She was proud of the institution's grass-roots beginnings: "we’re the only one that grew out of the indigenous Black community. We weren’t started by anybody downtown; we were started by ordinary folks."^[10] Burroughs served as Executive Director until she retired in 1985 and was then named Director Emeritus, remaining active in the museum's operations and fundraising efforts.^[11]

The museum moved to its current location at 740 E. 56th Place in Washington Park in 1973, and today is the oldest museum of black culture in the United States. Both the current museum building, and the Burroughs' S. Michigan Avenue home are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the house is a designated Chicago landmark.

Spanning the racial divide through art

Margaret Burroughs has created many of her own works of art as well. In one of Burroughs' linocuts, Birthday Party, both black and white children are seen celebrating. The black and white children are not isolated from each other; instead they are intermixed and mingling around the table together waiting for birthday cake.^[12] An article published by The Art Institute of Chicago described Burroughs' Birthday Party and said, "Through her career, as both a visual artist and a writer, she has often chosen themes concerning family, community, and history. 'Art is communication,' she has said. 'I wish my art to speak not only for my people - but for all humanity.' This aim is achieved in Birthday Party, in which both black and white children dance, while mothers cut cake in a quintessential image of neighbors and family enjoying a special day together".^[13] The painting puts in visual form Burroughs' philosophy that "the color of skin is a minor difference among men which has been stretched beyond its importance".^[14]

Burroughs was impacted by Harriet Tubman, Gerard L. Lew, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W.E.B. Du Bois. In Eugene Feldman’s The Birth and Building of the DuSable Museum Feldman writes about the influence Du Bois had on Burroughs’ life. He believes that Burroughs greatly admired Du Bois and writes that she campaigned to bring him to Chicago to lecture to audiences. Feldman wrote, “If we read about ‘cannabalistic and primitive Africa,’…It is a deliberate effort to put down a whole people and Dr. Du Bois fought this… Dr. Burroughs saw Dr. Du Bois and what he stood for and how he suffered himself to attain exposure of his views. She identified entirely with this important effort." Therefore, Burroughs clearly believed in Dr. Du Bois and the power of his message.^[15]

In many of Burroughs' pieces, she depicts people with half black and half white faces. In The Faces of My People Burroughs carved five people staring at the viewer. One of the women is all black, three of the people are half black and half white and one is mostly white. While Burroughs is attempting to blend together the black and white communities, she also shows the barriers that stop the communities from uniting. None of the people in The Faces of My People are looking at each other, and this implies a sense of disconnect among them.^[12] On another level, The Faces of My People deals with diversity. An article from the Collector magazine website describes Burroughs' attempts to unify in the picture. The article says, "Burroughs sees her art as a catalyst for bringing people together. This tableau of diverse individuals illustrates her commitment to mutual respect and understanding".^[16]

Burroughs once again depicts faces that are half black and half white in My People. Even though the title is similar to the previously referenced piece, the woodcut has some differences. In this scene, there are four different faces – each of which is half white and half black. The head on the far left is tilted to the side and close to the head next to it. It seems as both heads are coming out of the same body – taking the idea of split personalities to the extreme. The women are all very close together, suggesting that they relate to each other. In The Faces of My People there were others pictured with different skin tones, but in My People all of the people have the same half black and half white split. Therefore, My People focuses on a common conflict that all the women in the picture face.^[17]

Artist Statement (1961)

"Every individual wants to leave a legacy, to be remembered for something positive they have done for their community. Long after I'm dead and gone the [DuSable] museum will still be here. A lot of black museums have opened up, but we're the only one that grew out of the indigenous black community. We weren't started by anybody downtown; we were started by ordinary folks."^[18]

Public recognition

• The holdings of the Koehnline Museum of Art at Oakton Community College include a collection of fifteen of Burroughs' linocut prints from the 1990s.^[19]
• In 1975, Taylor-Burroughs received the President's Humanitarian Award.^[11]
• Taylor-Burroughs won the Paul Robeson Award in 1989, and in 2010 was granted The Legends and Legacy Award, a program of the Leadership Advisory Committee of the Art Institute of Chicago.^[20]
• In 1988^[21] she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Women's Caucus for Art.
• On August 12, 2015, The Chicago Park District board voted to rename 31st Street Beach after Margaret Taylor-Burroughs. Burroughs had served as a commissioner on the park board for twenty-five years.^[22] In 2015, she was also inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame.^[23]

Selected writings

• Jasper, the drummin' boy (1947)
• Whip me whop me pudding, and other stories of Riley Rabbit and his fabulous friends (1966)
• What shall I tell my children who are Black? (1968)
• Did you feed my cow? Street games, chants, and rhymes (1969)
• For Malcolm; poems on the life and the death of Malcolm X Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs, editors (1969)
• Africa, my Africa (1970)
• What shall I tell my children?: An addenda (1975)
• Interlude: seven musical poems by Frank Marshall Davis, Margaret T. Burroughs, editor. (1985)
• Minds flowing free: original poetry by "The Ladies" women's division of Cook County Department of Corrections, Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, editor (1986)
• The Family Linocut (1986)
• A very special tribute in honor of a very special person, Eugene Pieter Romayn Feldman, b. 1915-d. 1987 - poems, essays, letters by and to Eugene Pieter Romayn Feldman Margaret T. Burroughs, editor (1988)
• His name was Du Sable and he was the first (1990)
• Africa name book (1994)
• A shared heritage: art by four African Americans by William E. Taylor and Harriet G. Warkel with essays by Margaret T. G. Burroughs and others (1996)
• The Beginner's Guide to Collecting Fine Art, African American Style Ana M. Allen and Margaret Taylor Burroughs (1998)
• The tallest tree in the forest (1998)
• Humanist and glad to be (2003)
• My first husband & his four wives (me, being the first) (2003)

References

Further reading

• Farris, Phoebe (1999). Women Artists of Color: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook to 20th Century Artists in the Americas. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 247–. ISBN 9780313303746. Retrieved November 29, 2012. 
• Beaulieu, Elizabeth Ann (April 2006). Writing African American Women. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 135–. ISBN 9780313024627. Retrieved November 29, 2012. 

External links

• History Makers
• Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Authors
• Margaret Burroughs finding aid