Maqne

Maqne مقنة Maakne
Maqne Location in Lebanon
Coordinates: 34°4′40″N 36°12′31″E / 34.07778°N 36.20861°E / 34.07778; 36.20861Coordinates: 34°4′40″N 36°12′31″E / 34.07778°N 36.20861°E / 34.07778; 36.20861
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Beqaa Governorate
District	Baalbek District
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	+3 (UTC)

Shepherd Neolithic flint tools discovered at Kamouh el Hermel. 1. End scraper on a flake. 2. Transverse scraper and awl on a thin flake. 3. Borer on a flake blade. 4. Burin with a wide working edge on a heavy flake. All in matt brown flint.

Maqne or Maakne (Arabic: مقنة‎‎) is a town and municipality in the Baalbek District of the Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.^[1]

Maqne I

Along with Qaa, Maqne I or Maakne I is a type site of the Shepherd Neolithic industry. The surface site was discovered in 1957 by M. Billaux and the materials found were studied by Henri Fleisch and Maurice Tallon. Findings were published by Fleisch in 1966.^[2] The site is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the town, east of the road that leads from Baalbek to Homs. The Shepherd Neolithic assemblage found resembled that collected from Qaa and was spread over a sterile area of consolidated Neogene alluvial conglomerates. Lorraine Copeland commented that the industry could be found in no particular concentration around a wide area of the northern Beqaa valley. M. Billaux observed that the worked Shepherd Neolithic flints were of far superior quality than the brittle, unworkable flint conglomerates in the area. He suggested that these flints were imported onto the Beqaa plains from somewhere else.^[1]

The Shepherd Neolithic industry can be defined firstly by being small and thick in size, with flakes commonly ranging from 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) to 4 centimetres (1.6 in), the thickness distinguishing them from geometric microliths. Their second characteristic is the limited number of forms that the tools take, apart from cores being transverse racloirs on small flakes, strong-pointed borers, denticulated or notched thick, short blades and end-scrapers. It was thirdly characterized by a lack of known typology, with only occasional use of Levallois technique. It was determined to be definitely later than the Mesolithic but without any usual forms from the Upper Paleolithic or pottery Neolithic. Henri Fleisch tentatively suggested the industry to be Epipaleolithic and suggested it may have been used by nomadic shepherds.^[1] The Shepherd Neolithic has largely been ignored and understudied following the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war.

Tell Maqne

Tell Maqne or Tell Maakne is located in a cemetery 200 metres (660 ft) east of the road between El Ain and Baalbek. It is a mound of grey soil on top of a cliff that overlooks a ravine of the north Nahle that can be accessed by a road to the east of the village. The tell was found by Lorraine Copeland in the August 1966, who collected a variety of cores, scrapers, blades and burins, all with a white patina. Various groups of pottery were found dispersed and broken up around the area. A collection of Early Bronze Age sherds was made that included chevrons and combed impressions resembling similar pieces found at Bchemoun. Another type of pottery found was a thin, yellow and brown washed type considered similar to the "Smeared Wash" type found by Robert John Braidwood at Amuq. Fragments of inverted-rim platters were also discovered with a reddish black burnish. Other sherds were found with a vibrant red or orange burnish that had small, round handles. Another group of pottery found was of a very rough type, made with chaff-holes and large, coarse grits. Other pottery found indicated Roman and later occupations.

Maurice Tallon did not consider that the tumuli to be found on the nearby plains was prehistoric.^[3]

References

External links

• Maqneh, Localiban

Baalbek District, Beqaa Governorate
Capital: Baalbek
Towns and villages	Ain Ainata Ali El Nahri Arsal Baalbek Barka Bednayel Bechwat Brital Btadhi Bodai Chaat Chlifa Chmestar - Gharbi Baalbeck Deir el Ahmar Douriss Fakiha - Jdeydeh Fleweh Hadath Baalbek Halbata Hallanieh Hazin Hosh Barada Hosh el Rafika Hosh Snid Hosh Tal Safiya Hrebta Iaat Jabbouleh Janta Jdeide Kah Karha Khodr Khraibeh Kasarnaba Laat Labweh Majdloun Mikna Nabi Chit Nabi Othman Nahleh Ram - Jbenniyeh Ras Baalbek Ras el Hadis Saayde Seriine el Fawka Seriine el Tahta Talya Taraya Tayba Temnin el Fawka Temnin el Tahta Tfail Wadi Faara Yammouneh Younine
Other	Ard Tlaili Jabal es Saaïdé

Archaeological sites in Lebanon
Aadloun Aaiha Aammiq Aaqbe Ain Aata Ain Choaab Ain Harcha Akbiyeh Akkar plain foothills Al-Bireh Amioun Amlaq Qatih Anjar, Lebanon Antelias cave Apheca Ard Saouda Ard Tlaili Arqa Baalbek Baidar ech Chamout Batroumine Batroun Bechamoun Beirut Beit Mery Berytus (Roman Beirut) Bustan Birke Byblos Canalizations of Zenobia Dahr El Ahmar Dakoue Deir El Aachayer Deir el Ahmar Deir Mar Maroun Dekwaneh Douris (Baalbek) Elaea (Lebanon) Flaoui Fadous Sud Hebbariye Hadeth south Haret ech Cheikh Hashbai Heliopolis in Phoenicia Hermel plains Iaat Jabal es Saaïdé Jbaa Jdeideh Jebel Aabeby Jeita Grotto Joub Jannine Jieh Kafr Zabad Kamid al lawz Kamouh el Hermel Karak Nuh Kaukaba Kefraya Kafr Tebnit Kfar Qouq Kfarhata Khallet Michte Khirbet El-Knese Kouachra megalith field Ksar Akil Labweh Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze) Libbaya Lion Tower Majdal Anjar Mansourieh Maronite mummies Mayrouba Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir) Moukhtara Mtaileb Nabi Zair Nachcharini Nahle, Lebanon Neba'a Faour Nebi Safa Niha Bekaa Phoenician port of Beirut Plain of Zgharta Qaa Qal'at Bustra Qalaat Tannour Qaraoun Qasr el Banat Ras Baalbek I Ras Beirut Ras El Kelb Rashaya Roman Forum of Berytus Roman hippodrome of Berytus Sands of Beirut Saraain El Faouqa Shheem Sidon Sin el Fil Sarepta Stone of the Pregnant Woman Tahun ben Aissa Taire Tayibe Tell Aalaq Tell Ablah Tell Addus Tell Ahle Tell Ain Cerif Tell Ain el Meten Tell Ain Ghessali Tell Ain Nfaikh Tell Ain Saouda Tell Ain Sofar Tell Ayoub Tell Bar Elias Tell Beshara Tell Bir Dakoue Tell Deir Tell Delhamieh Tell Derzenoun Tell Dibbine Tell el-Burak Tell El Ghassil Tell El Hadeth Tell Fadous Tell Hazzine Tell Hoch Rafqa Tell Karmita Tell Khardane Tell Kirri Tell Jezireh Tell Jisr Tell Kabb Elias Tell Majdaloun Tell Masoud Tell Mekhada Tell Meouchi Tell Mureibit Tell Murtafa Tell Nahariyah Tell Neba'a Chaate Tell Neba'a Litani Tell Qasr Labwe Tell Rasm El Hadeth Tell Rayak Tell Saatiya Tell Safiyeh Tell Saoudhi Tell Serhan Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai Tell Shamsine Tell Sultan Yakoub Tell Taalabaya Tell Wardeen Tell Zenoub Tell Zeitoun Temnin el-Foka Temple of Bacchus Temple of Eshmun Temple of Jupiter Tlail megaliths Toron Tripolis (region of Phoenicia) Tyre Necropolis Tyre, Lebanon Wadi Boura Wadi Koura Wadi Yaroun Yammoune Yanta Ain W Zain Zahlé

Shepherd Neolithic sites in Lebanon
Douris, Lebanon Hermel I Hermel II Kamouh el Hermel Maqne I Qaa Qalaat Tannour Rayak North Riha Station Saraain El Faouqa Wadi Boura