Louis I, Duke of Anjou

Louis I

15th-century portrait of Louis
Duke of Anjou
Reign 1360–1384
Successor Louis II
Born (1339-07-23)23 July 1339
Château de Vincennes
Died 20 September 1384(1384-09-20) (aged 45)
Bisceglie
Spouse Marie of Blois
Issue Louis II of Naples
Charles, Prince of Taranto
House Valois-Anjou
Father John II of France
Mother Bonne of Bohemia
Louis I of Naples.

Louis I (23 July 1339 – 20 September 1384) was the second son of John II of France and the founder of the Angevin branch of the French royal house. Bonne of Bohemia gave birth to him at the Château de Vincennes. His father appointed him Count of Anjou and Count of Maine in 1356, and then raised him to the title Duke of Anjou in 1360 and Duke of Touraine in 1370.

In 1382, as the adopted son of Joan I, he succeeded to the counties of Provence and Forcalquier. He also inherited from her a claim to the kingdoms of Naples and Jerusalem. He was already a veteran of the Hundred Years' War against the English when he led an army into Italy to claim his Neapolitan inheritance. He died on the march and his claims and titles fell to his son and namesake, Louis II, who succeeding in ruling Naples for a time.

Hundred Years' War

Louis was present at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), in the battalion commanded by his brother Charles, the Dauphin. They hardly fought and the whole group escaped in the middle of the confrontation. Although humiliating, their flight allowed them to avoid capture by the English, who won the battle decisively. King John II and Louis' younger brother Philip were not so fortunate and were captured by the English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince. Their ransom and peace conditions between France and England were agreed in the Treaty of Brétigny, signed in 1360. Amongst the complicated items of the treaty was a clause that determined the surrender of 40 high-born hostages as guarantee for the payment of the king's ransom. Louis, already Duke of Anjou, was in this group and sailed to England in October 1360. However, France was not in good economic condition and further installments of the debt were delayed. As consequence, Louis was in English custody for much more than the expected six months. He tried to negotiate his freedom in a private negotiation with Edward III of England and, when this failed, decided to escape. On his return to France, he met his father's disapproval for his unknightly behavior. John II considered himself dishonored and this, combined with the fact that his ransom payments agreed to in the Treaty of Brétigny were in arrears, caused John to return to captivity in England to redeem his honor.

From 1380 to 1382 Louis served as regent for his nephew, King Charles VI of France.

King of Naples

In 1382 Louis left France in the latter year to claim the throne of Naples following the death of Queen Joanna I. She had adopted him to succeed her, as she was childless and did not wish to leave her inheritance to any of her close relatives, whom she considered enemies. He was also able to succeed her as count of Provence and Forcalquier. Despite his coronation at Avignon as King of Naples by Antipope Clement VII, Louis was forced to remain in France and Joan's troops were defeated by Charles of Durazzo, her second cousin and previous heir. Joanna was killed in her prison in San Fele in 1382; Louis, with support of the Antipope, France, Bernabò Visconti of Milan and Amadeus VI of Savoy, and using the money he had been able to obtain during the regency, launched an expedition to regain the Kingdom of Naples from Charles.

The expedition, counting to some 40,000 troops,[1] was however unsuccessful. Charles, who counted on the mercenary companies under John Hawkwood and Bartolomeo d'Alviano, for a total of some 14,000 men, was able to divert the French from Naples to other regions of the kingdom and to harass them with guerrilla tactics. Amadeus fell ill and died in Molise on 1 March 1383 and his troops abandoned the field. Louis asked for help from his king nephew in France, who sent him an army under Enguerrand of Coucy. The latter was able to conquer Arezzo and then invade the Kingdom of Naples, but midway was reached by the news that Louis had suddenly died at Bisceglie on 20 September 1384. He soon sold Arezzo to Florence and returned to France.

Marriage and children

In 1360, he married Marie of Blois,[2] Lady of Guise, daughter of Charles, Duke of Brittany and Joanna of Dreux. They had the following children:

Apocalypse Tapestry

The Apocalypse Tapestry
Musée de la Tapisserie, Château d'Angers

In the late 1370s, Louis commissioned the creation of the Apocalypse Tapestry, a set of tapestries depicting the story of the Apocalypse from the Book of Revelation.

References

  1. "Papa Urbano VI e il Regno di Napoli". Cronologia (in Italian). Retrieved November 7, 2011.
  2. Neillands, Robin (2001). The Hundred Years War. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-415-26130-2.
Louis I, Duke of Anjou
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Regnal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Charles II
Count of Maine
1356 – 1384
Succeeded by
Louis II
New title Duke of Anjou
1360 – 1384
Preceded by
Joanna I
Count of Provence and Forcalquier
1382 – 1384
 TITULAR 
King of Naples
1382 – 1384
Preceded by
Louis I
Count of Étampes
1381 – 1384
Vacant
Title next held by
John I
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/22/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.