List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works

The British author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and the names of fictional characters and places he invented for his legendarium have become the namesake of various things around the World. The list of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works includes street names, mountains, companies, species of animals and plants as well as other notable objects.

Astronomy

Geography of Titan

For more details on this topic, see List of geological features on Titan.

By convention, certain classes of features on Saturn's moon Titan are named after elements from Middle-earth.[6] Colles (small hills or knobs) are named for characters,[7] while montes (mountains) are named for mountains of Middle-earth.[8]

Colles

Collis Coordinates Diameter (km) Named after
Arwen Colles[7] 7°30′S 250°00′W / 7.5°S 250.0°W / -7.5; -250.0 (Arwen) 64 Arwen, character from The Lord of the Rings
Bilbo Colles[7] 4°12′S 38°36′W / 4.2°S 38.6°W / -4.2; -38.6 (Bilbo) 164 Bilbo Baggins, titular character of The Hobbit
Faramir Colles[7] 4°00′N 153°48′W / 4.0°N 153.8°W / 4.0; -153.8 (Faramir) 82 Faramir, character from The Lord of the Rings
Gandalf Colles[7] 14°36′N 209°30′W / 14.6°N 209.5°W / 14.6; -209.5 (Gandalf) 102 Gandalf, character from The Lord of the Rings
Handir Colles[7] 10°00′N 356°42′W / 10.0°N 356.7°W / 10.0; -356.7 (Handir) 100 Handir, character from The Silmarillion
Nimloth Colles[7] 11°54′N 151°18′W / 11.9°N 151.3°W / 11.9; -151.3 (Nimloth) 90 Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Middle-earth

Montes

Mons Coordinates Named after
Angmar Montes 10°00′S 221°00′W / 10.0°S 221.0°W / -10.0; -221.0 (Angmar Montes) Mountains of Angmar
Dolmed Montes 11°36′S 216°48′W / 11.6°S 216.8°W / -11.6; -216.8 (Dolmed Montes) Mount Dolmed
Doom Mons 14°39′S 40°25′W / 14.65°S 40.42°W / -14.65; -40.42 (Doom Mons) Mount Doom
Echoriat Montes 7°24′S 213°48′W / 7.4°S 213.8°W / -7.4; -213.8 (Echoriat Montes) Echoriath
Erebor Mons 4°58′S 36°14′W / 4.97°S 36.23°W / -4.97; -36.23 (Erebor Mons) Erebor, the Lonely Mountain
Gram Montes 9°54′S 207°54′W / 9.9°S 207.9°W / -9.9; -207.9 (Gram Montes) Mount Gram
Irensaga Montes 5°41′S 212°43′W / 5.68°S 212.71°W / -5.68; -212.71 (Irensaga Montes) Irensaga
Merlock Montes 8°54′S 211°48′W / 8.9°S 211.8°W / -8.9; -211.8 (Merlock Montes) Merlock Mountains
Mindolluin Montes 3°18′S 208°58′W / 3.3°S 208.96°W / -3.3; -208.96 (Mindolluin Montes) Mindolluin
Misty Montes 56°48′N 62°26′W / 56.8°N 62.44°W / 56.8; -62.44 (Misty Montes) Misty Mountains
Mithrim Montes 2°10′S 127°25′W / 2.16°S 127.42°W / -2.16; -127.42 (Mithrim Montes) Mountains of Mithrim
Moria Montes 15°06′N 190°30′W / 15.1°N 190.5°W / 15.1; -190.5 (Moria Montes) Mountains of Moria
Rerir Montes 4°48′S 212°06′W / 4.8°S 212.1°W / -4.8; -212.1 (Rerir Montes) Mount Rerir
Taniquetil Montes 3°40′S 213°16′W / 3.67°S 213.26°W / -3.67; -213.26 (Taniquetil Montes) Taniquetil

Companies and other entities

Mountains

Ships

A gaff-topsail schooner of Netherlands registry used for passenger cruises on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European waters was named J.R. Tolkien in 1998.

Street names and places

The "Tolkien Road" in Eastbourne, East Sussex, was named after Tolkien whereas the "Tolkien Way" in Stoke-on-Trent is named after Tolkien's eldest son, Fr. John Francis Tolkien, who was the priest in charge at the nearby Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels and St. Peter in Chains.[17] In the Hall Green and Moseley areas of Birmingham there are a number of parks and walkways dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien—most notably, the Millstream Way and Moseley Bog.[18] Collectively the parks are known as the Shire Country Parks.[18] In the Dutch town of Geldrop, near Eindhoven, the streets of an entire new neighbourhood are named after Tolkien himself ("Laan van Tolkien") and some of the best-known characters from his books. Also in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England there are a collection of roads in the 'Weston Village' named after locales of Middle Earth, namely Hobbiton Road, Bree Close, Arnor Close, Rivendell, Westmarch Way and Buckland Green.

In the Silicon Valley towns of Saratoga and San Jose in California, there are two housing developments with street names drawn from Tolkien's works. About a dozen Tolkien-derived street names also appear scattered throughout the town of Lake Forest, California. The Columbia, Maryland, neighbourhood of Hobbit's Glen and its street names (including Rivendell Lane, Tooks Way, and Oakenshield Circle) come from Tolkien's works.[19]

Taxonomy

In the field of taxonomy, over 80 taxa (genera and species) have been given scientific names honoring, or deriving from, characters or other fictional elements from The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and other works set in Middle-earth.[11] Several taxa have been named after the character Gollum (also known as Sméagol), as well as for various hobbits, the small humanlike creatures such as Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Various elves, dwarves, and other creatures that appear in his writings as well as Tolkien himself have been honored in the names of several species, including the amphipod Leucothoe tolkieni, and the wasp Shireplitis tolkieni. In 2004, the extinct hominid Homo floresiensis was described, and quickly earned the nickname "hobbit" due to its small size.[20] In 1978, Paleontologist Leigh Van Valen named over 20 taxa of extinct mammals after Tolkien lore in a single paper.[21][22] In 1999, entomologist Lauri Kaila described 48 new species of Elachista moths and named 37 of them after Tolkien mythology.[11][23]

It has been noted that "Tolkien has been accorded formal taxonomic commemoration like no other author."[24]

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Abacophrastus hobbit Beetle Hobbits "an allusion to the setose dorsal surface of the tarsi, analogous to the hairy feet of Tolkien’s Hobbits" [25]
Aletodon mellon Fossil mammal Elvish language Mellon is the elvish word for "friend" that opened the doors to Moria [22]
Amphiledorus ungoliantae Spider Ungoliant Ungoliant is a giant spider. [26]
Ancalagon Priapulid Ancalagon the Black [27]
Anisonchus eowynae Fossil mammal Éowyn [22]
Ankalagon Fossil mammal Ancalagon the Black [22]
Anthracosuchus balrogus Crocodyliform Balrog [28]
Balinia Wasp Balin [29]
Balrogia Wasp Balrogs [30]
Beorn Tardigrade Beorn [31]
Beornia Wasp Beorn [32]
Bomburia Fossil mammal Bombur, a dwarf Later renamed Bomburodon.[lower-alpha 1][22][34]
Borophagus orc Fossil mammal Orcs [35]
Breviceps bagginsi Frog Bilbo Baggins [36]
Bubogonia bombadili Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [22]
Chriacus calenancus Fossil mammal "Sindarin (Elvish) calen, green; anca, Jaws. Reference is to inferred herbivory" [22]
Claenodon mumak Fossil mammal Mûmakil, the elephants of Middle-earth [22]
Deltatherium durini Fossil mammal Durin, name of several dwarves Allusion is to size, being two-thirds the size of Deltatherium fundaminis [22]
Desmatoclaenus mearae Fossil mammal Mearas, the horses of Rohan [22]
Earendil Fossil mammal Eärendil [22]
Elachista aerinella Moth Aerin, a human [23]
Elachista amrodella Moth Amrod, an elf [23]
Elachista aranella Moth Aran-, "E. aranella seems to owe its name to aran-, the 'royal prefix used by the Kings of Arthedain after Malvegil and by the Chieftains of the Dúnedain of the North to indicate their claim to all of Arnor'".[37] [23]
Elachista aredhella Moth Aredhel, an elf [23]
Elachista arthadella Moth Arthad, a human [23]
Elachista beorella Moth Bëor, a human [23]
Elachista bregorella Moth Bregor, a human [23]
Elachista caranthirella Moth Caranthir, an elf [23]
Elachista curufinella Moth Curufin, an elf [23]
Elachista daeronella Moth Daeron, an elf [23]
Elachista dagnirella Moth Dagnir, a human [23]
Elachista diorella Moth Dior Eluchíl [23]
Elachista eilinella Moth Eilinel, a human [23]
Elachista finarfinella Moth Finarfin, an elf [23]
Elachista galadella Moth Galadhrim, the Silvan Elves [23]
Elachista gildorella Moth Gildor Inglorion, an elf [23]
Elachista gorlimella Moth Gorlim, a human [23]
Elachista haldarella Moth Haldar, a human [23]
Elachista ibunella Moth Ibûn, a dwarf [23]
Elachista indisella Moth Indis, an elf [23]
Elachista maglorella Moth Maglor, an elf [23]
Elachista marachella Moth Marach, a human [23]
Elachista miriella Moth Míriel Serindë, an elf [23]
Elachista morwenella Moth Morwen, a human [23]
Elachista neithanella Moth Túrin, a human Neithan is a pseudonym of Túrin.[11][23]
Elachista nienorella Moth Niënor, a human [23]
Elachista olorinella Moth Gandalf From Gandalf's alternate name Olórin[23]
Elachista ragnorella Moth Ragnor, a human [23]
Elachista rianella Moth Rían, a human [23]
Elachista telcharella Moth Telchar, a dwarf [23]
Elachista telerella Moth Teleri [23]
Elachista turgonella Moth Turgon, an elf [23]
Elachista tuorella Moth Tuor, a human [23]
Elachista turinella Moth Túrin, a human [23]
Entia Wasp Ents A synonym for Boucekastichus [38][39]
Fimbrethil Fossil mammal Fimbrethil, the lost wife of Treebeard [22]
Fimbrethil ambaronae Fossil mammal Ambaróna, a name for the forest Fangorn [22]
Frodospira Gastropod Frodo Baggins [40]
Gabrius tolkieni Beetle J. R. R. Tolkien [41]
Galaxias gollumoides Fish Gollum Gollumoides means "Gollum-like".[11] [42]
Gildoria Wasp Gildor Inglorion, an elf [43]
Gimlia Wasp Gimli [29]
Glaurung Weigeltisaurid Glaurung, a dragon [44]
Gollum Fish Gollum [45]
Gollumiella Wasp Gollum [46]
Gollumjapyx Dipluran Gollum [47]
Gollumjapyx smeagol Dipluran Gollum [47]
Gwaihiria Wasp Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles [48]
Iandumoema smeagol Harvestman Gollum [49]
Ingerophrynus gollum Toad Gollum [50]
Khamul Wasp Khamûl, a Nazgul [51]
Khamul gothmogi Wasp Gothmog, Lord of the Balrogs [51]
Khamul tolkieni Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [51]
Laparocerus hobbit Beetle Hobbits "The specific epithet ... refers to the Hobbits ... a literary fictitious race of people who have big and hairy feet; a metaphor of the swollen and hairy tarsi characteristic of this species." [52]
Legolasia Wasp Legolas [53]
Leucothoe tolkieni Amphipod J. R. R. Tolkien [54]
Litaletes ondolinde Fossil mammal Ondolindë, an alternate name of the Elven city Gondolin [22]
Litoria sauroni Frog Sauron [55]
Lopholatilus ereborensis Fish Erebor, the Lonely Mountain [56]
Lotharingius frodoi Coccolithophore Frodo Baggins [57]
Macrostyphlus bilbo Beetle Bilbo Baggins
Macrostyphlus frodo Beetle Frodo Baggins [48]
Macrostyphlus gandalf Beetle Gandalf [48]
Marjumia bagginsi Trilobite Bilbo Baggins [58]
Martesia (Paramartesia) tolkieni Clam J. R. R. Tolkien "The name tolkieni honors the late J.R.R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and many delightful creatures of long ago in the time of Middle-earth." [59]
Mimatuta minuial Fossil mammal Elvish language [22]
Mimatuta morgoth Fossil mammal Morgoth [22]
Mimotricentes mirielae Fossil mammal Míriel Ar-Zimraphel, a queen of Númenor [22]
Mithrandir Fossil mammal Gandalf [22]
Nazgulia Wasp Nazgul [60]
Nemesia ungoliant Spider Ungoliant [61]
Niphredil Fossil mammal Niphredil, a flower in Middle Earth [22]
Niphredil radagasti Fossil mammal Radagast the Brown [22]
Oinia Wasp Óin, a dwarf [29]
Oxyprimus galadrielae Fossil mammal Galadriel [22]
Paraortygoides radagasti Bird Radagast "For the wizard of Middle Earth, Radagast the Brown, rabid communicator with birds" [62]
Pericompsus bilbo Beetle Bilbo Baggins The beetle is so called "because it is short and fat with hairy feet." [21]
Planois smaug True bug Smaug [63][64]
Platymastus palantir Fossil mammal Palantir [22]
Protoselene bombadili Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [22]
Protungulatum gorgun Fossil mammal Orcs "Etymology: Gorgûn, the Woses' name for orcs in The Lord of the Rings, with reference to the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation" [22]
Pseudopallenis palantir Beetle Palantir

[65]

Saurodocus hobbit Amphipod Hobbits [66]
Sauron Spider Sauron [67]
Sauroniops Dinosaur Sauron The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron". [68]
Shireplitis Wasp The Shire [69]
Shireplitis bilboi Wasp Bilbo Baggins [69]
Shireplitis frodoi Wasp Frodo Baggins [69]
Shireplitis meriadoci Wasp Meriadoc Brandybuck [69]
Shireplitis peregrini Wasp Peregrin Took [69]
Shireplitis samwisei Wasp Samwise Gamgee [69]
Shireplitis tolkieni Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [69]
Smaug Lizard Smaug [70]
Smeagol Gastropod Gollum [11][71]
Smeagolia Wasp Gollum [11][60]
Syconycteris hobbit Bat Hobbits [11][72]
Tamolia ancalagon True bug Ancalagon the Black [73]
Tetramorium nazgul Ant Nazgul [74]
Tetramorium smaug Ant Smaug [74]
Thangorodrim thalion Fossil mammal Thangorodrim "Sindarin (Elvish) thalion, strong. Reference is to the massive morphology [of the jaws and the generic name" [22]
Tinuviel Fossil mammal Tinuviel, an Elf [22]
Yavanna Tree fern Yavanna [75]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Bomburia is also a genus of wasps, but was named for the dwarf of Norse mythology[33]

References

  1. ↑ "(2991) Bilbo = 1982 HV = 1982 KB2 = 1975 JC = 1979 SY3". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  2. ↑ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2675 Tolkien (1982 GB)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  3. ↑ Nemiroff, Robert; Bonnell, Jerry (17 July 2015). "APOD: 2015 July 17 – Charon". Astronomy Picture of the Day. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  4. ↑ Lendino, Jamie (15 July 2015). "NASA unveils historic, high-resolution Pluto, Charon, and Hydra photos from New Horizons mission". Extremetech.com. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  5. ↑ Stockton, Nick (2015). "Charon Comes into Focus in New Horizons' Latest Photos". Wired. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  6. ↑ "Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Colles". Planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Mons, Montes". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  9. ↑ Appelcline, Shannon (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mongoose Publishing. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.
  10. ↑ "About". Middle-earth Enterprises.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Larsen 2007
  12. ↑ "The Tolkien Trust - Extract from the Central Register of Charities maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales". Charity Commission.
  13. ↑ "WWF-UK Annual Review 2007-Supporters". WWF-UK. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  14. ↑ "Mount Gandalf". BC Geographical Names. The Province of British Columbia. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  15. ↑ "Mount Shadowfax". BC Geographical Names. The Province of British Columbia. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  16. ↑ "Unnamed peak could be named Mt Tolkien". Stuff.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand Limited. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  17. ↑ "People of Stoke-on-Trent". Retrieved 13 March 2005.
  18. 1 2 "Nature reserve remembers Baggins". BBC News. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  19. ↑ Phillips, Bethan (13 March 2012). "The Hobbit in battle with Hollywood". Southern Daily Echo. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  20. ↑ Aiello, Leslie C. (2010). "Five years of Homo floresiensis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 142 (2): 167–179. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21255. PMID 20229502. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011.
  21. 1 2 Gee 2004, p. 55
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Van Valen, L. M. (1978). "The beginning of the Age of Mammals". Evolutionary Theory. 4: 45–80. Taxonomic summary
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Kaila, Lauri (1999). "A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Elachista s.l. III. The bifasciella, praelineata, saccharella and freyerella groups (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae)". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 211: 1–235.
  24. ↑ Beck, Julie (3 May 2015). "Science's Love Affair with The Lord of the Rings". The Atlantic. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  25. ↑ Will, Kipling (16 November 2011). "Taxonomic review of the Pterostichini and Loxandrini fauna of New Caledonia (Coleoptera, Carabidae)". ZooKeys. 147: 337–397. doi:10.3897/zookeys.147.1943. PMC 3286263Freely accessible. PMID 22371668.
  26. ↑ Pekár, S.; Cardoso, P. (2005). "Ant-eating spiders (Araneae: Zodariidae) of Portugal: additions to the current knowledge". Zootaxa (1009): 51–60.
  27. ↑ Conway Morris, S (1977). "Fossil priapulid worms" (PDF). Special papers in Palaeontology. 20: 55.
  28. ↑ Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014). "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia". Historical Biology: 1–23. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968.
  29. 1 2 3 Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1978). "Four new genera and species of the subfamily Euderinae from Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)" (PDF). Entomologia Scandinavica. 9 (1): 63–67. doi:10.1163/187631278x00223.
  30. ↑ Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1977). "Two new genera and species of Pteromalidae from Brazil (Hymenoptera)". Entomologica Scandinavica. 8 (1): 78–80. doi:10.1163/187631277X00134.
  31. ↑ Cooper, Kenneth W. (1964). "The first fossil tardigrade: Beorn leggi Cooper, from Cretaceous amber". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 71 (2): 41–48. doi:10.1155/1964/48418.
  32. ↑ Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1975). "Notes on Chalcidoidea. VIII. The Swedish Chrysolampini with description of a new genus and species (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)" (PDF). Ent. Tids. 96 (3-4): 133–136.
  33. ↑ Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1978). "A new subfamily and two new genera and species from the New World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)" (PDF). Entomologia Scandinavica. 9: 135–139. doi:10.1163/187631278x00070.
  34. ↑ Williamson, Thomas E.; Carr, Thomas D. (2012). "Bomburodon, a new name for the Paleocene mammal Bomburia Van Valen, 1978". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (3): 567–567. doi:10.1666/12-013.1.
  35. ↑ Webb, S. David (1969). "The Pliocene Canidae of Florida". Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 14 (4): 273–308.
  36. ↑ Minter, Leslie R. (June 2003). "Two new cryptic species of Breviceps (Anura: Microhylidae) from Southern Africa". African Journal of Herpetology. 52 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1080/21564574.2003.9635473.
  37. ↑ Larsen 2007, citing: Foster, Robert (2001). The Complete Guide to Middle-earth. New York: Ballantine. p. 23.
  38. ↑ "A new genus and species from Romania [sic!], representing a new family (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)" (PDF). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 44 (2): 253–254. 1974.
  39. ↑ "Taxon details". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  40. ↑ Wagner, P. J. (1999). "The utility of fossil data in phylogenetic analyses: a likelihood example using Ordovician-Silurian species of the Lophospiridae (Gastropoda: Murchisoniina)". American Malacological Bulletin. 15 (1): 1–31.
  41. ↑ Schillhammer, H. (1997). "Taxonomic revision of the oriental species of Gabrius Stephens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)". Monographs on Coleoptera: 1–139.
  42. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "Galaxias gollumoides" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
  43. ↑ "Contribution to the knowledge of the family Braconidae from Canary Islands. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea). I. A new genus and species of subfamily Doryctinae" (PDF). Vieraea. 3 (1-2): 29–32. 1973.
  44. ↑ Bulanov, V. V.; Sennikov, A. G. (2015). "Glaurung schneideri gen. et sp. nov., a new weigeltisaurid (Reptilia) from the Kupfershiefer (Upper Permian) of Germany". Paleontological Journal. 49 (12): 1353–1364. doi:10.1134/S0031030115120035.
  45. ↑ Compagno, L. J. V. "Ctenacis and Gollum, two new genera of sharks (Selachii; Carcharhinidae)". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 39 (14): 257–272.
  46. ↑ Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1978). "Some Chalcidoidea collected in the Philippine, Bismarck and Solomon Islands, 2. Eucharitidae, with keys and check-lists to Indo-Australian genera (Insecta, Hymenoptera)". Steenstrupia. 4: 227–248.
  47. 1 2 A. Sendra, V. Ortuno, A. Moreno, S. Montagud & S. Teruel (2006). "Gollumjapyx smeagol gen. n., an enigmatic hypogean japygid (Diplura: Japygidae) from the eastern Iberian Peninsula" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1372: 35–52.
  48. 1 2 3 Gee 2004, p. 54
  49. ↑ Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo; Fonseca-Ferreira, Rafael; Bichuette, Maria (2015). "A new highly specialized cave harvestman from Brazil and the first blind species of the genus: Iandumoema smeagol sp. n. (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)". ZooKeys. 537: 79–95. doi:10.3897/zookeys.537.6073.
  50. ↑ Grismer, L. Lee (2007). "A new species of Ingerophrynus (Anura: Bufonidae) from a lowland rain forest in southern peninsular Malaysia". Journal of Herpetology. 41 (2): 225–230. doi:10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[225:ANSOIA]2.0.CO;2.
  51. 1 2 3 Gates, M. W. (2008). "Description of Khamul, gen. n.(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae), with a hypothesis of its phylogenetic placement" (PDF). Zootaxa (1898): 1–33.
  52. ↑ Machado, A. (2008). "New taxa of Laparocerus Schönherr, 1834 from Madeira and Porto Santo, with a key to the species of the Madeiran archipelago (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)". Graellsia. 64 (2): 307–328. doi:10.3989/graellsia.2008.v64.i2.40.
  53. ↑ Hedqvist, Karl-Johan (1974). "Legolasia dinotiscoides gen. n., sp. n. and Trychnosoma ernobii sp. n., Two New Pteromalids from Sweden (Pteromalidae)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 95: 117–121.
  54. ↑ Thomas, James Darwin (22 July 2009). "Leucothoidae species (version 7.09) [includes Anamixidae (sensu lato)]" (PDF). Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  55. ↑ Richards, Steven J.; Oliver, P. M. (2006). "Two new species of large green canopy-dwelling frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) from Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa (1295): 41–60.
  56. ↑ Carnevale, Giorgio; Godfrey, Stephen J. (2014). "Tilefish (Teleostei, Malacanthidae) remains from the Miocene Calvert Formation, Maryland and Virginia: taxonomical and paleoecological remarks". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (5): 1018–1032. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.845202.
  57. ↑ Mattioli, Emanuela (1996). "New calcareous nannofossil species from the Early Jurassic of Tethys". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 102 (3): 397–412.
  58. ↑ Melzak, Adam; Westrop, Stephen R. (June 1994). "Mid-Cambrian (Marjuman) trilobites from the Pika Formation, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 31 (6): 969–985. doi:10.1139/e94-086.
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