List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples

Many sports teams have names or mascots derived from peoples that are indigenous to the region where the team is also located. There is not total agreement on the definition of indigenous peoples, but there are some criteria used by the United Nations^[1] and the International Labour Organization:^[2]

• People descended from the pre-colonial/pre-invasion inhabitants of a region.
• People that continue to have a distinct language or culture with close ties to the land.
• People who suffer economic and political marginalization as a minority group.
• People who identify themselves as indigenous.

This definition in international law is not identical to the American English dictionary definition of the word indigenous, which is broad enough to include native and born as synonyms.^[3] The additional criteria of a people both colonized or invaded and reduced to a marginalized minority is however part of the current majority understanding of the terms First Nations, Native American and Indigenous peoples of the Americas as referring to the decedents of pre-colonial peoples of the Americas, not everyone born there.

There are team names derived from immigrant/settler groups, such as the Boston Celtics, the University of Notre Dame "Fighting Irish" and the Minnesota Vikings (the latter name was selected in reference to the Scandinavian settlers of that region), none of which belong on this list. The Irish and other ethnic groups in America were sometimes subject to marginalization, but not colonization. Colonization of the Celtic peoples in their native lands by the English did occur, but lies outside of the scope of this article.^[4]

There are also a small number of teams in counties outside the Americas using Native American names and images:

• Exeter Chiefs (Exeter, Devon, England) - a rugby union side using an American Indian logo.^[5]
• Indianerna (the Indians) are a Swedish motorcycle speedway team based in Kumla, Sweden at (Elitserien)
• Kaizer Chiefs F.C. (South Africa)
• Streatham Redskins (London, England)
• Swedish Hockey League
  • Frölunda Indians
  • Malmö Redhawks

While the history of colonization and marginalization is not unique to the Americas, the practice of deriving sports team names, imagery, and mascots from indigenous peoples is a significant phenomena in the United States and Canada. The rise of indigenous rights movements in these counties has also led to controversy regarding the continuation of practices rooted in colonialism.^[6] Such practices maintain the power relationship between the dominant culture and the indigenous culture, and can be seen as a form of cultural imperialism.^[7] Such practices are seen as particularly harmful in schools and universities, which have the a stated purpose of promoting ethnic diversity and inclusion.^[8] In recognition of the responsibility of higher education to eliminate behaviors that creates a hostile environment for education, in 2005 the NCAA initiated a policy against "hostile and abusive" names and mascots that led to the change of many derived from Native American culture, with the exception of those that established an agreement with particular tribes for the use of their specific names. Other schools retain their names because they were founded for the education of Native Americans, and continue to have a significant number of indigenous students. In other former colonies in Asia, Africa and South America, the adoption of indigenous names for majority indigenous teams is also found.

The trend towards the elimination of indigenous names and mascots in local schools has been steady, with two thirds having been eliminated over the past 50 years according to the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI).^[9] In a few states with significant Native American populations, change has been mandated by law, such in Wisconsin,^[10] Oregon,^[11] and Washington.^[12][13] The list below for U.S. High Schools however remains substantial, with over 400 teams currently calling themselves "Indians", over 100 "Braves", 74 "Warriors" using indigenous imagery (there are many with the name but using generic, Greek or Roman mascots), and 49 "Redskins".

Professional teams

Current usage

American football

• Garland Aztecs, Garland, Texas - Semi-Pro
• Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) - While adopting Native American imagery, the team was named in honor of Kansas City mayor Harold Roe Bartle who was instrumental in bringing the AFL Dallas Texans to Kansas City, MO in 1963 (becoming the last professional team to adopt an indigenous-derived name). Bartle earned his nickname as founder of a Boy Scouts honor camping society Tribe of Mic-O-Say in which he was "Chief" Lone Bear. In 1989 the Chiefs switched from Warpaint, a Pinto horse ridden by a man in a feathered headdress, to their current mascot K. C. Wolf. Warpaint returned in 2009, but is ridden by a cheerleader.^[14]
• Southern California Apaches - (Semi-Pro, United Football Alliance League)
• Washington Redskins (NFL) See also: Washington Redskins name controversy

Association football (soccer)

Brazil

• Guarani Esporte Clube (CE), Juazeiro do Norte
• Guarani Esporte Clube (MG), Divinópolis
• Guarani Futebol Clube, Campinas
• Guarany Futebol Clube, Bagé
• Guarany Futebol Clube (Camaquã)
• Guarany Sporting Club, Sobral
• Associação Atlética Guarany, Porto da Folha
• Esporte Clube Guarani, Venâncio Aires
• Sociedade Esportiva, Recreativa e Cultural Guarani, Palhoça
• Sport Club Guarany, Cruz Alta
• Tupi Football Club, Juiz de Fora
  Further information: Tupí people
• Tupynambás Futebol Clube, Juiz de Fora

Paraguay

• Club Guaraní, Asunción

Chile

• Colo-Colo, Santiago de Chile. Name relates to the Mapuche
• Lautaro, Buin. Also called Guerreros de Buín (Warriors Buín)

Australian rules football

All of these teams are composed of Indigenous Australians

• Flying Boomerangs (Australia), in reference to the boomerang, an indigenous Australian hunting tool and instrument.
• Indigenous All Stars (Australia), formerly known Aboriginal All-Stars

Baseball

Major league

• Atlanta Braves (Atlanta, Georgia) - originally Boston Braves, then Milwaukee Braves. The mascot Chief Noc-A-Homa existed until 1983 season, Princess Win-A-Lotta was introduced late 1970s, dropped at same time as Noc-A-Homa. In 1991 the Braves adopted the Tomahawk Chop from Florida State University when Deion Sanders joined the team.^[15]
• Cleveland Indians (Cleveland, Ohio) - Receives the most attention due to its mascot, Chief Wahoo. While the origin of the name is sometimes attributed to Louis Sockalexis from the Penobscot tribe having played for the team, documentary evidence indicates otherwise.^[16]

• Caribes de Anzoátegui (Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela) - While Caribe is another name for the Kalina people, it is also a local term for piranhas, particularly in Venezuela. The team has no apparent use of indigenous imagery.

• Indios de Mayagüez - (Indians of Mayaguez) Puerto Rican Baseball team from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
• Mayos de Navojoa (Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico) - The Mayo people are indigenous to Sonora
• Yaquis de Obregón (Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico) - The Yaqui are indigenous to Sonora

Minor league

A Minor league team in Innisfail, Alberta, the "Indians", has made a decision to become the "Trappers".^[17]

Affiliates of the Atlanta Braves: (An additional affiliate is the Lynchburg Hillcats)

• Danville Braves (Danville, Virginia)
• Gulf Coast League Braves (Lake Buena Vista, Florida) - The team plays at the Walt Disney World Resort.
• Gwinnett Braves (Gwinnett County, Georgia) - formerly the Richmond Braves
• Mississippi Braves (Pearl, Mississippi)
• Rome Braves (Rome, Georgia)

Affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates:

• Indianapolis Indians (Indianapolis, Indiana)

Affiliate of the Texas Rangers:

• Spokane Indians (Spokane, Washington)

Basketball

All three existing NBA teams that previously used indigenous imagery have stopped doing so. (See Prior usage list below).

• Guaiqueríes de Margarita, (LPB) - named after an indigenous people of Northern Venezuela also known as the Waikerí
• Portland Chinooks, Portland, Oregon, (International Basketball League)

Canadian football

• Edmonton Eskimos (CFL)

Ice hockey

• Chicago Blackhawks (NHL) – Named for a World War I Infantry Division that in turn was named for Sauk leader, Black Hawk, a prominent figure in the history of Illinois. In 2008, this logo was voted best in the National Hockey League by The Hockey News.^[18]
• Johnstown Chiefs (ECHL) — Named after the Charlestown Chiefs, the fictional team in the movie Slap Shot (partially shot in the real team's home city of Johnstown, Pennsylvania). Team moved and became Greenville Road Warriors in 2010.
• Moose Jaw Warriors (WHL)
• Portland Winterhawks (WHL)
• Spokane Chiefs (WHL)
• Chilliwack Chiefs (BCHL)

Lacrosse (Canada)

• Ontario Lacrosse Association
  • Major Series Lacrosse, :
    • Brooklin Redmen - Logo incorporates the Indian head used by the NHL Blackhawks
    • Six Nations Chiefs
  • Senior B Lacrosse:
    • Six Nations Rivermen - Logo is an Indian paddling a canoe
• Quebec Senior Lacrosse
  • Kahnawake Mohawks - Cartoon Indian head logo
  • Kahnawake Tomahawks - Indian head logo

Rugby union

• The Chiefs, formerly the Waikato Chiefs (North Island of New Zealand) - a rugby union side in the Super Rugby competition. Their logo is a male figure holding a Māori club.
• Griqua people, South African team named after Griqua people.
• Māori All Blacks, previously the New Zealand Māori, a rugby union side whose members must be at least 1/16 Māori
• Mohicans Football Club, a defunct English rugby club.
• The New Zealand Warriors, (Auckland, New Zealand) - plays in the Australian NRL competition. The team logo indicates the "Warrior" is an indigenous reference.
• Northland Taniwha, a rugby team in the ITM Cup named after a being from Māori mythology
• Exeter Chiefs, a rugby team in the English Arriva Premiership, also uses the FSU war chant

Rugby league

• Indigenous All Stars a.k.a. Indigenous All Stars or Indigenous Dreamtime Dreamtime is an indigenous Australian religious/mythological term.
• New Zealand Māori rugby league team

Prior pro usage

Many professional teams changed because they moved to another city, or went out of business ("Defunct" in table below).

Old Name	Sport/League	City, State	Year Changed	New Name	Notes
Akron Indians	National Football League	Akron, Ohio	Defunct	Akron Pros	Changed back to the Indians in 1926, then folded
Tri-Cities "Blackhawks"	National Basketball Association	Moline, Illinois	1951	Atlanta Hawks	Team was also the Milwaukee & St. Louis "Hawks"
Buffalo Braves	National Basketball Association	Buffalo, New York	1978	Los Angeles Clippers	Also the San Diego Clippers
Burlington Indians	Minor League Baseball	Burlington, North Carolina	2006	Burlington Royals	Changed affiliation from Cleveland Indians to Kansas City Royals
Canton/Akron Indians	Minor League Baseball	Akron, Ohio	1996	Aeros	Former farm team for the Cleveland Indians
Cleveland Indians (1921)	National Football League	Cleveland, Ohio		Defunct
Cleveland Indians (1931)	National Football League	Cleveland, Ohio		Defunct
Duluth Eskimos	National Football League	Duluth, Minnesota	1927	Defunct	also known as the Duluth "Kelleys"
Flint Indians	Michigan Baseball League	Flint, Michigan	1941	NA
Golden State Warriors	National Basketball Association	Oakland, California	1971	NA	Originally Philadelphia Warriors, then San Francisco Warriors, dropped Indian imagery when they move to Oakland
Indios de Ciudad Juarez	Minor League Baseball	Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico	1984	Defunct
Kansas City Scouts	National Hockey League	Kansas City, Missouri	1976	now the New Jersey Devils	First moved to Colorado and became the "Rockies"
Kinston Indians	Minor League Baseball	Kinston, North Carolina	2012	NA	replaced by the Carolina Mudcats
Mexico City Aztecas	Continental Basketball Association	Mexico City		Defunct	Only one season 1994-95
Oorang Indians	National Football League			Defunct	Consisting mostly of Native Americans
Ottawa Tomahawks	National Basketball League of Canada	Ottawa	2013	Ottawa SkyHawks	Name changed shortly after announced due to controversy, team folded after one season.
Salisbury Indians	Minor League Baseball	Salisbury, Maryland		Defunct
Syracuse Chiefs	Minor League Baseball	Syracuse, New York			First Became the "SkyChiefs" with a train Logo, then reverted to the old name while retaining the new logo.
Springfield Indians	American Hockey League	Peoria, Illinois		Rivermen	First moved to Worcester and became the IceCats
Toronto Tecumsehs	National Hockey Association	Toronto, Ontario	1913	Toronto Ontarios	renamed the Toronto Shamrocks in 1915 and ceased operations later that year

Amateur and school teams

Colleges and universities

In 2005 the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) distributed a "self evaluation" to 31 colleges for teams to examine the use of potentially offensive imagery with their mascot choice.^[19] Subsequently 19 teams were cited as having potentially "hostile or abusive" names, mascots, or images, that would be banned from displaying them during post-season play, and prohibited from hosting tournaments.^[20]

Schools that removed all references to Native American culture or were deemed not to have references to Native American culture as part of their athletics programs:

• Alcorn State University – Lorman, Mississippi (Braves) - Logo is a large A, mascot is the "Bravehawk".
• Lycoming College (Warriors)
• Winona State University (Warriors)
• Eastern Connecticut State University (Warriors)
• East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania (Warriors)
• Merrimack College (Warriors)
• University of North Carolina at Pembroke (Braves) – originally created to educate American Indians, and since its creation has had close ties to the local Lumbee tribe
• University of Hawaii at Manoa – (Hawaiʻi Rainbow Warriors) and (Rainbow Wahine) From 2000 through 2013, each team was allowed to select its own nickname; most notably, the football team was simply known as "The Warriors". In 2013, the school adopted the identity of "Rainbow Warriors" for all men's teams, while women's teams remain "Rainbow Wahine".
• Wisconsin Lutheran College (Warriors)

Schools granted waivers to retain their nicknames after gaining support from those respective tribes.

• Catawba College - Salisbury, North Carolina (Catawba Indians)^[21]
• Central Michigan University – Mount Pleasant, Michigan (Chippewas)^[22]
• Florida State University – Tallahassee, Florida (Seminoles) - the mascot is Osceola and Renegade and FSU originated the Tomahawk chop performed by fans at games.^[23]
• Mississippi College – Clinton, Mississippi (Choctaws)^[24]
• University of Utah – Salt Lake City, Utah (Utes)^[25]

Non-NCAA Schools

• Lewis–Clark State College, Lewiston, Idaho (Warriors) - Logo features Lewis and Clark, use of Warriors nickname deemed respectful by Tribal leaders.^[26]

Current Usage

• Bacone College – Muskogee, Oklahoma (Warriors) was founded as a Cherokee Baptist Mission school and retains a connection to several tribes.^[27]
• Chowan University – Murfreesboro, North Carolina (Braves)
• Cochise College, Douglas, Arizona (Apaches) - Community College
• Ottawa University – Ottawa, Kansas (Braves)
• San Diego State University – San Diego, California (Aztecs) - The mascot is an Aztec Warrior whose performance including human sacrifice has drawn criticism.^[28] A SDSU professor of American Indian Studies states that the mascot teaches the mistaken idea that Aztecs were a local tribe rather than living in Mexico 1,000 miles from San Diego.^[29]
• Tyler Junior College, Tyler, Texas (Apache)

Prior Usage

• Carlisle Indians, a school for American Indians that was a college football power in the early 1900s
• University of Oklahoma mascot: Little Red

Old Name	School	City, State	Year Changed	New Name	Notes
Apaches	Illinois Valley Community College	Oglesby, Illinois	2001	Eagle
Apaches	Southwestern College	Chula Vista, California	2001	Jaguars	Community College
Beothuk	Memorial University of Newfoundland	St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada	1987	Sea-Hawks	The Beothuk aboriginal peoples became extinct in 1829 and the university deemed the use of the Beothuk name to be offensive
Braves	Bradley University	Peoria, Illinois	2005		While the nickname has never changed, all Native American imagery has been removed. The logo is now a block B and the mascot is a gargoyle.
Braves	Chowan University	Murfreesboro, North Carolina	2006	Hawks
Braves	Husson College	Bangor, Maine	2004	Eagles	[30]
Braves	University of West Georgia	Carrollton, Georgia	2006	Wolves
Braves	Seneca College	Toronto, Ontario	1999-2000	The Sting
Braves	Quinnipiac University	Hamden, Connecticut	2002	Bobcats
Brown Indians/Squaws	St. Bonaventure University	Allegany (town), New York	1979	Bonnies
Chief Ouabache	Indiana State University	Terre Haute, Indiana	1989	N/A	The team name was always the Sycamores; Chief Ouabache and "Indian Princess" were the on-field mascots.
Chiefs	Oklahoma City University	Oklahoma City, Oklahoma		Stars
Chiefs	Springfield College	Springfield, Massachusetts	1995	Pride	Change was made voluntarily without protest on either side.[31]
Chiefs	University of Massachusetts	Lowell, Massachusetts	1991	River Hawks	Change occurred with merger of University of Lowell into the UMass system
Chieftains	Seattle University	Seattle, Washington	2000	Redhawks	"H" is NOT capitalized here, unlike the case with Miami's nickname.
Chieftains	Stonehill College	Easton, Massachusetts		Skyhawks
Fighting Illini	University of Illinois	Urbana-Champaign, Illinois	2007	Old name was retained as referring to the state[32]	Chief Illiniwek has been officially retired, but is widely used by students and fans
Fighting Sioux	University of North Dakota	Grand Forks, North Dakota	See Notes	Fighting Hawks	The "Fighting Sioux" nickname was retired in 2012, but the state passed a law prohibiting the university from adopting a new nickname until January 2015. In November of that year, following two rounds of fan voting, the current nickname of Fighting Hawks was chosen and immediately adopted. For more information, see North Dakota Fighting Sioux controversy.
Hurons	Eastern Michigan University	Ypsilanti, Michigan	1991	Eagles	The mascot is "Swoop"
Indians	Adams State University	Alamosa, Colorado		Grizzlies
Indians	Arkansas State University	Jonesboro, Arkansas	2008	Red Wolves
Indians	University of Wisconsin-La Crosse	La Crosse, Wisconsin	1989	Eagles
Indians	University of the Cumberlands	Williamsburg, Kentucky	2002	Patriots	Originally Cumberland College, name changed 2005
Indians	Dartmouth College	Hanover, New Hampshire	1970s	Big Green	Indians was not official
Indians	Midwestern State University	Wichita Falls, Texas	2006	Mustangs
Indians	Martin Methodist College	Pulaski, Tennessee	2002	Redhawks[33]
Indians	McMurry University	Abilene, Texas	2006	War Hawks
Indians	University of Louisiana at Monroe	Monroe, Louisiana	2006	Warhawks	"Chief Brave Spirit" mascot also retired
Indians	Indiana University of Pennsylvania	Indiana County, Pennsylvania	2007	Crimson Hawks
Indians	Newberry College	South Carolina	2008	Wolves
Indians	Stanford University	Stanford, California	1972	Cardinal	The nickname was changed to the current "Cardinal" in 1981, which reflects the school color, a shade of red
Indians	Siena College	Loudonville, New York	1988	Saints
Indians	College of William & Mary	Williamsburg, Virginia	1978	Tribe	Mascot is the Griffin
Indians	Yakima Valley Community College	Yakima, Washington	1998	Yaks[34]
Indians and Otahkians	Southeast Missouri State University	Cape Girardeau, Missouri	2004	Redhawks
Maroon Chiefs	Morningside College	Sioux City, Iowa	1998	Mustangs	[35]
Moccasins	University of Tennessee	Chattanooga, Tennessee	1996	Mocs	"Scrappy the Mockingbird" in honor of coach Andy Moore.[36] Prior mascot was Chief Moccanooga.
Mohawks	Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts	North Adams, Massachusetts	2002	Trailblazers
Plainsmen	Nebraska Wesleyan University	Lincoln, Nebraska		Prairie Wolves
Red Raiders	Colgate University	Hamilton (village), New York	2001	Raiders
Red Raiders	Southern Oregon University	Ashland, Oregon	1980	Raiders/Red Tailed Hawk[37]
Redmen	Carthage College	Kenosha, Wisconsin	2005	Red Men/Lady Reds
Redmen	University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass)	Amherst, Massachusetts	1972	Minutemen and Minutewomen	According to the University Redmen referred to the color of uniforms worn by the athletics teams
Redmen	Northeastern State University	Tahlequah, Oklahoma	2006	RiverHawks	Founded as the Cherokee National Female Seminary. T-shirts with the old "Redman" mascot continue to be sold.[38]
Redmen	St. John's University	New York City	1995	Red Storm	The school's website indicates that the name did not refer to American Indians, but to the school color, a bright cardinal red. However, some athletics logos used an Indian character as late as the 1980s.
Redmen and Lady Reds	Simpson College	Indianola, Iowa	1992	The Storm
Redmen and Redwomen	University of Rio Grande	Rio Grande, Ohio	2008	RedStorm
Redskins	Miami University	Oxford, Ohio	1997	RedHawks
Redskins	Southern Nazarene University	Bethany, Oklahoma	1998	Crimson Storm
Saltine Warrior	Syracuse University	Syracuse, New York		Orange
Savages	Dickinson State University	Dickinson, North Dakota	1972	Blue Hawks
Savages	Eastern Washington University	Cheney, Washington	1973	Eagles
Savages	Southeastern Oklahoma State University	Durant, Oklahoma	2006	Savage Storm
Warriors	Hartwick College	Oneonta, New York	1994	Hawks
Warriors	Marquette University	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	1994	Golden Eagles	Retired the mascot "Willie Wampum" in 1971[39]
Zias	Eastern New Mexico University	Portales, New Mexico	2015	Greyhounds	The women's teams are reverting to the name used prior to the 1970s, which is the same as the men's teams.[40]

High schools

Current usage

The following high schools are listed in alphabetical order by team name:

Apaches

• Antonian College Preparatory High School, San Antonio, Texas
• Arcadia High School, Arcadia, California^[41][42]
• Arlington Country Day School, Jacksonville, Florida - Private College Prep K-12
• Auburndale Middle & High School, Auburndale, Wisconsin
• Centennial High School, Compton, California
• Fairview High School, Sherwood, Defiance County, Ohio
• Fort Thomas High School, Fort Thomas, Arizona - 93% Native American
• Glenbrook High School, Minden, Louisiana - The School has an annual "Apache Princess" pageant each year.^[43]
• Gonzales High School, Gonzales, Texas
• Nogales High School, Nogales, Arizona
• Pottsville High School, Pottsville, Arkansas
• Sanger High School, Sanger, California
• Wabash High School, Wabash, Indiana

Arrows

The following use Native American arrows, feathers, or arrowheads in their logos

• Ashland High School, Ashland, Ohio
• Clinton High School, Clinton, Mississippi
• Lancaster High School, Lancaster, Wisconsin
• Pipestone Area High School, Pipestone, Minnesota
• Preble Shawnee High School, Camden, Ohio
• Tecumseh High School, New Carlisle, Ohio
• Watertown High School, Watertown, South Dakota - For homecoming, Watertown selects a Princess and Chieftain, who along with the other members of the royal court, dress in faux Indian costumes.^[44]

Aztecs

• Assabet Valley Regional Technical High School, Marlborough, Massachusetts
• Barstow High School, Barstow, California
• Esperanza High School, Anaheim, California
• La Quinta High School, Westminster, California
• Soledad High School, Soledad, California
• Yerba Buena High School, San Jose, California - Mascot: Aztec Warrior
• El Dorado High School, El Paso, Texas

Big Reds

• Bellaire High School, Bellaire, Ohio
• Muskegon High School, Muskegon, Michigan
• Parkersburg High School, Parkersburg, West Virginia
• West Middlesex Area School District, West Middlesex, Pennsylvania

Blackhawks / Black Hawk

Most of the schools with the name use a bird logo, therefore are not directly derived from an indigenous people although there may be an indirect reference to Chief Black Hawk. The following do use Native American images/symbols.

• Adrian High School, Adrian, Missouri
• Baldwin-Woodville Area High School, Baldwin, Wisconsin
• Cheney High School, Cheney, Washington
• Cowan High School, Muncie, Indiana
• Fort Atkinson High School, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
• Grafton High School, Grafton, Wisconsin
• Prairie du Chien High School, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
• Stockton High School, Stockton, Illinois
• West Aurora High School, Aurora, Illinois
• West Wilkes High School, Millers Creek, North Carolina

Brave/Braves

Brownies

• Agawam High School, Agawam, Massachusetts ^[48]

Cherokees

• McMinn County High School, Athens, Tennessee
• South-Doyle High School, Knoxville, Tennessee
• Greenback High School, Greenback, Tennessee

Chickasaws

• Blytheville High School, Blytheville, Arkansas
• New Hampton High School, New Hampton, Iowa

Chiefs

Chieftains

Chippewas

• Manistee Middle/High School, Manistee, Michigan

Choctaws

• Bibb County High School, Centreville, Alabama ^[50]
• Dyer County High School, Newbern, Tennessee
• West Tallahatchie High School, Webb, Mississippi

Comanches

• Canyon High School, Anaheim Hills, Anaheim, CaliforniaCahokia High School (Cahokia,Illinois)

Dine' Warriors

• Tse Yi Gai High School, Cuba, New Mexico - town is 26% Native American

Eskimos or Eskymos

• Bowbells High School, Bowbells, North Dakota
• Escanaba Area Public Schools, Escanaba, Michigan – The public schools are all the Eskymos, and have an Indian education program.^[51]
• Esko High School, Esko, Minnesota – "Eskomos", logo is an igloo
• Town of Webb High School, Old Forge, New York

Halfbreeds

• Aniak Jr/Sr High School, Aniak, Alaska^[52]

Hurons

• Rogers City High School, Rogers City, Michigan

Indian / Indians / Indian Arrows

Marauders

• Monache High School, Porterville, California - There is a large mural of a Native American on the side of the school's gym, created by Adam Sanchez, class of 2002. This refers to the high school's mascot, the "Marauder."

Mohawks

• Elmer L. Meyers Junior/Senior High School, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
• Millis High School, Millis, Massachusetts
• Northwest High School (McDermott, Ohio)
• Piggott High School, Piggott, Arkansas
• Medicine Hat High School, Medicine Hat, Alberta - A grade 12 student has started a petition to change the name.^[75]

Mohigans

• Morgantown High School, Morgantown, West Virginia

Red Raiders/Raiders

Redmen

• Bellevue High School (Bellevue, Ohio)
• Bucyrus High School, Bucyrus, Ohio
• Cedar High School, Cedar City, Utah
• Denis Morris Catholic High School, St. Catharines, Ontario
• East Islip High School, Islip Terrace, New York
• Fostoria High School, Fostoria, Ohio
• Killingly High School, Killingly, Connecticut^[84]
• Marquette Senior High School (Marquette, Michigan)
• Parma Senior High School, Parma, Ohio
• Runnymede Collegiate Institute, Toronto, Ontario (1927-1994)
• Rock Hill Senior High School, Ironton, Ohio
• Sisseton High School, Sisseton, South Dakota - While retaining the name, the school administration has decided to eliminate all Native American imagery from homecoming activities.^[85]
• Smith Center High School, Smith Center, Kansas
• Tewksbury Memorial High School, Tewksbury, Massachusetts

Reds

• Eaton High School, Eaton, Colorado^[86]

Redskins

Renegades

• Shawnee High School, Burlington County, New Jersey

Sachems

• Pentucket Regional High School, West Newbury, MassachusettsDespite criticism,^[54] the school board voted to retain the mascot in June, 2016.^[110]
• RHAM High School, Hebron, Connecticut
• Saugus High School, Saugus, Massachusetts
• Winchester High School, Winchester, Massachusetts

Sauras

• South Stokes High School, Walnut Cove, North Carolina ^[111]
  Further information: Cheraw people

Savages

• Broken Bow High School, Broken Bow, Oklahoma^[112]
• Lamar High School, Lamar, Colorado^[113]
• Leflore High School, Leflore, Oklahoma^[114]
• Quinton High School, Quinton, Oklahoma^[115]
• Salmon High School, Salmon, Idaho^[116]
• Salmon River High School, Salmon River, Idaho^[117]
• Savannah High School, Savannah, Missouri
• Sigourney High School, Sigourney, Iowa^[118]
• Tecumseh High School, Tecumseh, Oklahoma
• Wynnewood High School, Wynnewood, Oklahoma

Scouts

• Lake Forest High School, Lake Forest, Illinois - Some logos use Native American images or spear ^[119]

Seminoles

• Monroe Central High School, Woodsfield, Ohio
• Osceola High School, Osceola, Arkansas
• Southeast High School, Bradenton, Florida

Sioux

• Solen High School, Standing Rock Reservation, Solen, North Dakota
• Westhope High School, Westhope, North Dakota

Thunderbirds

• Bellevue West High School, Bellevue, Nebraska - ^[120]
• Edsel Ford High School, Dearborn, Michigan - Name is for the Ford Thunderbird
• Thornwood High School, South Holland, Illinois - Logo is a bird.
• Park Crossing High School, Montgomery, Alabama
• Johnson County Central High School, Tecumseh, Nebraska - School Mascot is a bird.

Tomahawks/Tomahawk

• Algonquin Regional High School. Northborough, MA - Often referred to as the T-Hawks, logo is either a giant "A" or two tomahawks crossing each other
• Glastonbury High School, Glastonbury, Connecticut

Tribe

Two schools that dropped the Redskins name in compliance with California law, chose Tribe as a new name to retain their logo and Native American imagery.

• Chowchilla Union High School, Chowchilla, California^[121]
• Tulare Union High School, Tulare, California^[122]

Warriors/Warrior

A number of schools with the name "Warriors" never used indigenous imagery, or changed in response to the controversy. An example of the latter is the Hall High School (Connecticut) which dropped its Indian logo in 2012.^[123]

Prior usage

General William J. Palmer High School, Colorado Springs, Colorado - Did not change the name "Terrors", but the original mascot was a caricature of a Native American called "Eagle Beak", replaced in 1985 with an Eagle (the bird).

Former Redskins

With the passage of a law on October 11, 2015 the schools in California will have until January 1, 2017 to change their name.^[148]

• Calaveras High School, San Andreas, California - After a vote between four alternatives, they will remove the Redskins name but not replace it, and retain the logo featuring a Native American.^[149]
• Chowchilla High School, Chowchilla, California^[150] became the Tribe in November 2016.^[121]
• Gustine High School, Gustine, California became the first to implement a change in February, 2016; becoming the "Reds", the name used by the school from 1913 to 1936.^[151]
• Tulare Union High School, Tulare, California - Changed to "The Tribe" in June, 2016 and plans to retain Native American imagery as much as possible.^[152]

Previous changes:

Middle school

• Antioch Redskins of Plant City, FL, Youth Football^[180]
• Carey Junior High School, Cheyenne, Wyoming (Braves)
• Dearborn Heights Redskins Jr. Football, Dearborn Heights, MI^[181]
• Gaffney Middle School, Gaffney, South Carolina (Chiefs)
• Gettysburg Area Middle School Braves
• Granard Middle School, Gaffney, South Carolina (Warriors)
• Grayling Redskins Youth Football, Grayling, MI^[182]
• J.D. Meisler Middle School, Metairie, Louisiana (Chiefs)
• James Madison Middle School, Titusville, Florida (Mohawks)
• Knox Redskins, Knox, Indiana
• Lakeview Middle School, Rossville, Georgia (Warriors)
• Lancaster Junior Redskins, Lancaster (village), NY^[183]
• McCormick Junior High School, Cheyenne, Wyoming (Warriors)
• Morden Redskins, South Eastern Manitoba Hockey League (amateur adult)^[184]
• Morris, IL – Little Redskins IKWF sanctioned wrestling club (K-8th grade) Uses a version of the DC team logo^[185]
• New Rock Redskins, Conyers, GA (Ages 6–12) Uses the DC team logo^[186]
• Orangeview J.H.S (Buena Park, CA) Warriors
• Ohio Redskins Youth Sports (age 4-14), Columbus, OH^[187]
• Patterson Redskins Football (youth) Patterson, CA^[188]
• Pocahontas Middle School, Powhatan County, Virginia (Squaws)
• Rochester Redskins, Rochester Hills, MI^[189]
• Sarasota Redskins Youth Football, Sarasota, FL (age 4-14)^[190]
• South Cherokee Recreation Association (SCRA) Youth Footfall, Woodstock, GA Uses the DC team logo^[191]
• Sterling Heights Redskins, Sterling Heights, MI (youth) Uses the DC team logo^[192]
• Stonybrook Redskins, Indianapolis, IN
• Wayland Redskins, Wayland, NY (Youth Football ages 6–12)^[193]
• Woonsocket Redskins, Woonsocket, RI – Youth Football (K-9th grade) Uses the DC team logo^[194]

Elementary schools

• Apache Elementary School, Peoria, Arizona - Warriors^[195]
• Frank West Elementary, Bakersfield, California - Uses an indian head logo.
• Wayside Elementary, Bakersfield, California - Warriors. In response to the 2015 California law eliminating the Redskins name from four high schools, the Bakersfield City School District has opened discussion regarding the use of Native American imagery.^[196]

Pop Warner Football League

• Albemarle Redskins, Albemarle County, Virginia^[197]
• Bennetts Creek Warriors, Suffolk, Virginia^[198]
• Derby Red Raiders, Derby, Connecticut ^[199]
• East Bay Warriors, Oakland, California^[200]
• Fort Braden Chiefs, Fort Braden, Florida^[201]
• Immokalee Seminoles, Florida^[202]
• Lower Sussex Indians, DE^[203]
• Nonnewaug Chiefs, Woodbury, CT^[204]
• Oak Cliff Redskins, Dallas, Texas^[205]
• Phoenix, AZ^[206]
• Pomperaug Warriors, Southbury, CT^[207]
• Reynolds Corner Redskins, Toledo OH^[208]
• Southeast Apaches, San Antonio, Texas ^[209]
• Southland Comanches, CO^[210]
• Stratford Redskin, CT^[211]
• Water Oak Indians, Watertown, CT^[212]
• Western Albemarle Chiefs, Crozet, Virginia^[213]
• Willamette Redskins, Eugene OR^[214]

Little league baseball

• American Indian Little League, Palmdale, California
• Skokie Indians, Skokie, Illinois ^[215]

Youth/Little league football

• Antioch Redskins, Plant City, Florida ^[216]
• Donaldsonville Redskins, Donaldsonville, Louisiana ^[217]
• Fauquier Youth Football, Fauquier County, Virginia ^[218]
• Jackson Redskins Sports Club, Jackson, Mississippi ^[219]
• Kanawha Youth Football Redskins, Richmond, Virginia ^[220]
• Lancaster Junior Redskins, Lancaster, New York
• Loudon Redskins Youth Football, Loudon, Tennessee ^[221]
• Ohio Redskins Youth Sports Association, Columbus, Ohio ^[222]
• Rochester Redskins, Rochester, Michigan ^[223]
• Sarasota Redskins, Sarasota, Florida ^[224]
• South Cherokee Redskins Association, Woodstock, Georgia ^[225][226]
• Southwest Redskins, Houston, Texas ^[227]
• Vienna Youth Inc. Football Chiefs, Vienna, Virginia^[228]
• Washington Redskins Midget Football, Washington, New Jersey^[229]
• Whittier Redskins, Whittier, California

Junior League Ice Hockey (Canada)

• Onion Lake Border Chiefs, Onion Lake Cree Nation
• Saddle Lake Warriors, Saddle Lake, Alberta

Junior League Lacrosse (Canada)

• Kitchener-Waterloo Braves, Kitchener, Ontario
• Elora Mohawks, Elora, Ontario
• Mississauga Tomahawks, Mississauga, Ontario
• Six Nations Arrows, Hagersville, Ontario
• Six Nations Rebels, Hagersville, Ontario
• Whitby Warriors, Whitby, Ontario
• Kahnawake Hunters, Kahnawake, Quebec
• Akwesasne Indians, Akwesasne, a Mohawk Nation that intersects the United States and Canada
• Six Nations Warriors, Hagersville, Ontario

YMCA

• Monterey, California Tribe

Fictional teams

• Charlestown Chiefs (Federal Hockey League) (Slap Shot).
• Pawnee Drunken Savages – high school basketball team, Parks and Recreation.
• The Mars Greenskins – Blernsball is the version of baseball in the year 3000 in the show Futurama.
• NY Mohawks – major league team, The Seventh Game by Roger Kahn.
• Niagara Falls Chiefs, in the Gordon Korman novel The Zucchini Warriors.
• Warriors – major league team, Today's Game by Martin Quigley.
• Washington Red Clouds - In the Fox Network show Minority Report, set in 2065, the Washington NFL team has been renamed.

See also

• Hail to the Redskins
• List of company and product names derived from indigenous peoples
• Mascot
• Native American mascot controversy

External links

Sources of data on teams/mascots

• MaxPreps is a site for U.S. High School sports information, and can be searched by mascot name as well as school name, but the data is not kept up to date so it is only a starting place.
• MascotDB is a searchable database of mascots from Pro to High School.
• List of Semi-Pro Football Teams

References