List of people who have served in all three branches of a U.S. state government

A number of individuals have achieved the rare distinction of serving in all three branches of the state government of one of the U.S. states:

This list excludes service in local government (such as county or city government), as well as military and militia posts.

List

Individual State Legislative-branch service Executive-branch service Judicial-branch service Notes
Anderson, Forrest H.Forrest H. Anderson Montana Montana House of Representatives (1943-1945) Governor of Montana (1968-1972)
Montana Attorney General (1957-1968)
Associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court (1953-1957) [1]
Ashe, SamuelSamuel Ashe North Carolina North Carolina Senate (1776) (speaker) Governor of North Carolina (1795-1798) Presiding justice of the North Carolina Superior Court (1777-1795) [2]
Bartley, Thomas W.Thomas W. Bartley Ohio Speaker of the Ohio Senate (1843-1844) Governor of Ohio (1844) Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court (1852-1859) [3]
Clark, JamesJames Clark Kentucky Kentucky House of Representatives (1807-1808) Governor of Kentucky (1836–1839) Judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals (1810-1812)
Judge of the Circuit Court (1817-1824)
[4]
Clay, Clement ComerClement Comer Clay Alabama Alabama House of Representatives (speaker of the House) Governor of Alabama (1835–1837) Judge of the Alabama Circuit Court (simultaneously a member of the Alabama Supreme Court and chief justice) [5]
Felch, AlpheusAlpheus Felch Michigan Michigan House of Representatives (1846-1847) Governor of Michigan (1846-1847)
Michigan Auditor General (1842)
Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1842-1845) [6]
Fowle, Daniel GouldDaniel Gould Fowle North Carolina North Carolina House of Commons (1862; 1864-1865)[lower-alpha 2] Governor of North Carolina (1889-1891) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1865-1867) [7]
Haden II, Charles HaroldCharles Harold Haden II West Virginia West Virginia House of Delegates (1963-1964) West Virginia State Tax Commissioner (1969-1972) Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (1972-1975)
Chief justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (1974-1975)
[8]
Huskins, J. FrankJ. Frank Huskins North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives (1947-1949) Chairman of the North Carolina Industrial Commission (1949-1955) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1955-1965)
Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court (1968-1982)
[9]
Ireland, JohnJohn Ireland Texas Texas House of Representatives (1873-1874)
Texas Senate (1874-1876)
Governor of Texas (1883-1887) Justice of the Texas Supreme Court (1875-1879) [10]
Kulongoski, TedTed Kulongoski Oregon Oregon House of Representatives (1975-1978)
Oregon State Senate (1978-1983)
Governor of Oregon (2003–2011)
Oregon Attorney General (1993–1997)
Associate justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon (1997-2001) [11]
Lord, William PaineWilliam Paine Lord Oregon Oregon State Senate (1879-1880) Governor of Oregon (1895–1899) Chief justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon (1878–1880, 1886–1888, 1892–1894) [12]
Moore, AlfredAlfred Moore North Carolina North Carolina General Assembly North Carolina Attorney General (1782–1792) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1798-1799) [13]
Moore, Dan K.Dan K. Moore North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives (1941) Governor of North Carolina (1965–1969) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1948-1958) [14]
Niles, NathanielNathaniel Niles Vermont Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives (1784-85) Vermont Executive Council (1785, 1787) Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court (1784-1788) [15]
O'Neill, C. WilliamC. William O'Neill Ohio Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives (1947–1949) Governor of Ohio (1957–1959)
Ohio Attorney General (1951–1957)
Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court (1960-1970)
Chief justice of the Ohio Supreme Court (1970-1978)
[16]
Russell, Daniel LindsayDaniel Lindsay Russell North Carolina North Carolina House of Commons (1864-1866) Governor of North Carolina (1897-1901) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1868-1874) [17]
Saunders, Romulus MitchellRomulus Mitchell Saunders North Carolina Speaker of the North Carolina House of Commons (1815-1820); speaker of the House (1819) North Carolina Attorney General (1828–1831) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1835-1940) [18]
Shields, JamesJames Shields Illinois Illinois House of Representatives (1836) Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts (1836-1843) Judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois (1843-1845) [19]
Southard, Samuel L.Samuel L. Southard New Jersey New Jersey General Assembly (1815) Governor of New Jersey (1832-1833) Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court (1815-1820) [20]
Stone, DavidDavid Stone North Carolina North Carolina House of Commons (1791-1794; 1811-1812) Governor of North Carolina (1808–1810) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1974-1798) [21]
Swain, David LowryDavid Lowry Swain North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives (1824-1830) Governor of North Carolina (1832-1835) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1830-1832) [22]
Swainson, JohnJohn Swainson Michigan Michigan State Senate (1954-1958) Governor of Michigan (1961–1963)
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (1959–1961)
Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1971-1975) [23]
Lacy Thornburg North Carolina North Carolina House of Representatives (1961–1966) North Carolina Attorney General (1985-1993) Judge of the North Carolina Superior Court (1967-1983) [24]
Wilson, George A.George A. Wilson Iowa Iowa Senate (1925-1935) Governor of Iowa (1939–1943) Judge of the Iowa District Court (1917-1921) [25]

See also

Notes

  1. For instance, this list would excludes those whose only state-level executive service was as a deputy state attorney general or assistant state attorney general.
  2. Confederate legislature.

References

  1. Chris Carlson, Forrest H. Anderson: The transformative governor, Missoulian (July 20, 2014).
  2. North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe, National Governors Association (accessed April 1, 2016).
  3. The History of Ohio Law (vol. 1: Ohio University Press, 2004; eds. Michael Les Benedict & John F. Winkl), p. 193, note 115.
  4. Kentucky Governor James Clark, National Governors Association (accessed April 2, 2016).
  5. J. Mills Thornton, Clement Comer Clay (1835-37), Encyclopedia of Alabama (published March 27, 2008, last updated February 12, 2015).
  6. Alpheus Felch, University of Michigan Law School (accessed April 2, 2016).
  7. North Carolina Governor Daniel Gould Fowle, National Governors Association (accessed April 1, 2016).
  8. Penny Loeb, Moving Mountains: How One Woman and Her Community Won Justice from Big Coal (University Press of Kentucky, 2007), p. 181.
  9. Sarah Parker, Presentation of the Portrait of J. Frank Huskins, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1968-1982 (November 8, 2007).
  10. John Ireland, Legislative Reference Library of Texas.
  11. Harry Esteve, Ted Kulongoski defends legacy as he bids good-bye to Oregon governor's office, Oregonian (January 3, 2011).
  12. "Governor William P. Lord's Administration". Oregon State Archives. Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  13. John V. Orth, "Moore, Alfred" in The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law (ed. Roger K. Newman: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 387.
  14. Jack D. Fleer, Governors Speak (University Press of America, 2007), p. 107.
  15. Paul S. Gillies, The Remains of Nathaniel Niles, Vermont Bar Journal (Dec. 2011).
  16. Jerome Mushkat, "O'Neill, C. William" in American Legislative Leaders in the Midwest, 1911-1994 (Greenwood Press, 1997: eds. Nancy Weatherly Sharp & James Roger Sharp), p. 191.
  17. North Carolina Governor Daniel Lindsay Russell, National Governors Association (accessed April 1, 2016).
  18. The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Vol. 9 (eds. Rossiter Johnson & John Howard Brown: The Biographical Society, 1904.
  19. James Shields: Previous Illinois Supreme Court Justice, Illinois Courts (accessed April 1, 2016).
  20. Michael J. Birkner, Samuel L. Southard: Jeffersonian Whig (Associated University Presses, 1984), p. 9.
  21. North Carolina Governor David Stone, National Governors Association (accessed April 1, 2016).
  22. North Carolina Governor David Lowry Swain, National Governors Association (accessed April 1, 2016).
  23. Michigan Governor John Burley Swainson, National Governors Association (accessed April 2, 2016).
  24. Commending the Service of Judge Lacy Thornburg to Western North Carolina (statement of Rep. Heath Shuler) (September 21, 2011), Congressional Record Extensions of Remarks, Vol. 157, No. 141, pp. E1674-E1675.
  25. Journal of the Senate of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, Vol. 56, pt. 1955, page 1266 (1955).
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