List of pantheists

Giordano Bruno

Baruch Spinoza

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Albert Einstein

Alan Watts

Pantheism is the belief that the universe (or nature as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity, or that everything composes an all-encompassing, immanent God. Pantheists thus do not believe in a distinct personal or anthropomorphic god. Some Eastern religions are considered to be pantheistic.

Pantheists

• Vyasa (3rd millennium BCE) writer of Mahabharata.^[1]
• Nammalvar (3059 BCE), one of the twelve Alvars.^[2]
• Lao Tzu (604 BCE–?), name traditionally given to the writer of the Tao Te Ching, and considered the founder of philosophical Taoism.^[3]
• Heraclitus (c. 535 BCE–c. 475 BCE), pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called "The Obscure" and the "Weeping Philosopher".^[4]
• Adi Shankara^[5](509–477 BCE) or (788–820 CE) known for consolidating the doctrine of Advaita Vedānta.
• Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 815–c. 877), Irish theologian, Neoplatonist philosopher, and poet.^[6]
• Amalric of Bena (died c. 1204–1207), French theologian, father of medieval pantheism, after whom the Amalricians are named.
• Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He was burned alive for his pantheist views.^[7]
• Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), Jewish-Dutch philosopher, has been called the "prophet"^[8] and "prince"^[9] of pantheism.
• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781), German writer, philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic. His alleged confession of Spinozism led to what is known as the pantheism controversy of the 1780s.
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism^[10]
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), German philosopher.^[11]
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), German writer, artist, and politician. His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a variety of metres and styles; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, and over 10,000 letters written by him are extant, as are nearly 3,000 drawings.^[12]
• Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works (including the celebrated Missa Solemnis), and songs. He has also been labeled a theist as well.^{[13][14][15][16]}
• Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840), German Romantic landscape painter^[17]
• The Stoics are often considered Pantheists for their the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature and for arguing that physical conceptions are adequate to explain the entire cosmos.^[18]
• Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields.^[19]
• Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.^[20]
• Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), American author, poet, philosopher, freemason, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist.^[21][22]
• Walt Whitman (1819–1892), American poet, essayist and journalist.^[23]
• Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), Russian writer^[24]
• Robert G. Ingersoll (1833–1899), lawyer, Civil War veteran, political leader, orator, and notable agnostic.^[25]
• Felix Klein (1849–1925), German mathematician.^[26]
• Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), Serbian American inventor, known for his discovery of AC power and his invention of radio telecommunications among many other electronic inventions. Believed in aether (opposite essentially of gravity) being the source of all existence and energy, sometimes referred to as prana.^[27]
• Gustav Mahler (1860–1911), Late-Romantic Austrian composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation.^[28]
• Claude Debussy (1862–1918), French composer.^[29]
• Carl Jung (1875–1961), Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the concept of the collective unconscious from a pantheistic worldview.^[30][31][32]
• Janusz Korczak (1878–1942), Polish-Jewish educator, children's author, and pediatrician.^[33]
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955), German theoretical physicist, one of the most prolific intellects in human history, identified with Spinoza's God and called his own views on God "pantheistic".^[34][35]
• D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930), English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter.^[36]
• Robinson Jeffers (1887–1962), American poet, known for his work about the central California coast.^[37]
• Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988), Galician-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging. He was also involved in the development of the cavity magnetron, which is used in microwave radar and microwave ovens.^[38]
• Ansel Adams (1902–1984), American photographer and environmentalist.^[39]
• Alan Watts (1915–1973), British philosopher, writer, and speaker.^[40]
• Pete Seeger (1919–2014), American folk singer.^[41]
• Jose Mujica (1935–), Uruguay president.^[42]
• Alan Vega (1938–), American vocalist, primarily known for his work with electronic protopunk duo, Suicide.^[43]
• Michio Kaku (1947–), Japanese-American futurist, theoretical physicist and popularizer of science. Kaku is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at the City College of New York.^[44]

References

External links

• Pantheist Index
• Pantheist Panorama