List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups
The following is a list of U.S.-based organizations classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) as hate groups.[1] The SPLC defines hate groups as those that "... have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics."[1] The SPLC states: "Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing." The SPLC adds that "Listing here does not imply a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity".[1] Since 1981, the SPLC's Intelligence Project has published a quarterly Intelligence Report that monitors what the SPLC considers hate groups in the United States.[2]
The Intelligence Report provides information regarding organizational efforts and tactics of these groups, and is cited by a number of scholars as reliable and as the most comprehensive source on U.S. hate groups.[3][4][5][6] The SPLC also publishes the HateWatch Weekly newsletter, which documents racism and extremism, and the Hatewatch blog, whose subtitle is "Keeping an Eye on the Radical Right".[7]
Apart from the listed groups themselves, the SPLC's hate group listings have been criticized by some political observers and prominent Republicans. Critics include Ken Silverstein, Laird Wilcox, Dana Milbank, John Boehner and Michele Bachmann.[8][9]
Number of SPLC hate groups per million, as of 2013
Types of groups
In its 2014 annual report, published in March 2015, the SPLC counted 784 "active hate groups in the United States": 72 Ku Klux Klan (KKK) groups, 142 neo-Nazi groups, 115 white nationalist groups, 119 racist skinhead groups, 113 black separatist groups, 37 neo-Confederate groups, 21 Christian Identity groups, and 165 "general hate" groups (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, radical traditionalist Catholic, anti-Muslim, and "other")).[10]
In its 2015 annual report, published in February 2016, the SPLC counted 892 active hate groups in the U.S., an increase from the previous year. Of these, 190 were KKK groups, 94 were neo-Nazi groups, 85 were white nationalist groups, 95 were racist skinhead groups, 19 were Christian Identity groups, 35 were neo-Confederate groups, 180 were black separatist groups, and 184 were classified as "general hate groups" (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-Immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, and radical traditionalist Catholic groups, with an additional "other" sub-category)).[11]
Ku Klux Klan
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 28 |
| 2010 | 221 |
| 2013 | 163 |
| 2014 | 72 |
| 2015 | 190 |
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right[12][13][14][15] organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.[16] Since the mid-20th century, the KKK has also been anti-communist.[16] The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters and is classified as a hate group.[17]
Listed in 2014 report
Listed in 2014 report:
- Aryan Nations Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Crusader Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Dixie Rangers Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- East Coast Knights Of The True Invisible Empire[18]
- Fort Christmas Knights Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Fraternal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- International Keystone Knights of the Ku Klan Klan Inc.[18]
- Invisible Knights of the Fiery Cross[18]
- Knight Riders Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Knights Party Veterans League[18]
- Ku Klos Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Ku Klux Klan/KKK[18]
- Lone Wolf Brigade Knights - Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Mystic Knights Of The Ku Klux Klan[18]
- New Empire Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- North Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Order Of The Confederate Brotherhood Knights Of The Ku Klux Klan[18]
- Soldiers Of the Cross Training Institute[18]
- Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- United Klans of America[18]
- United Northern and Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- United White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
- White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[18]
Listed in 2015 report
- Aryan Nations Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Confederate White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- East Coast Knights Of The True Invisible Empire[11]
- Eastern White Knights of the KKK, The[11]
- Imperial Klans of America Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- International Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Karolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- KKKRadio[11]
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Knights Party Veterans League[11]
- Ku Klos Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Militant Knights Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Oklahoma Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Original Knight Riders Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Rebel Brigade Knights of the True Invisible Empire[11]
- Soldiers of the Cross Training Institute[11]
- Texas Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Texas Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Traditional Confederate Knights[11]
- Traditionalist American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Traditional Rebel Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, The[11]
- Trinity White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- True Invisible Empire Knights[11]
- United Dixie White Knights[11]
- United Klans of America[11]
- United Northern and Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- United White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- Western White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
- White Camelia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan[11]
Neo-Nazi
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 149 |
| 2004 | 158 |
| 2005 | 157 |
| 2006 | 191 |
| 2007 | 207 |
| 2008 | 196 |
| 2009 | 161 |
| 2010 | 170 |
| 2011 | 170 |
| 2012 | 138 |
| 2013 | 143 |
| 2014 | 142 |
| 2015 | 94 |
Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II social or political movements seeking to revive Nazism or some variant thereof.[19][20][21][22] The term neo-Nazism can also refer to the ideology of these movements.[23][24] Although it does not have a single coherent philosophy, Neo-Nazism borrows elements from Nazi doctrine, including militant nationalism, fascism, anti-semitism, racism, xenophobia and homophobia.[25]
Listed in 2014 report
- American Nazi Party[26]
- Aryan Nations[26]
- Battalion 14[26]
- Christian Defense League[26]
- The Creativity Alliance[26]
- Creativity Movement[26]
- The Forssaken Motorcycle Club[26]
- Gallows Tree Wotansvolk Alliance[26]
- Heathens Motorcycle Club[26]
- Maryland National Socialist Party[26]
- National Alliance[26]
- National Socialist Freedom Movement[26]
- National Socialist German Workers Party[26]
- National Socialist Movement[26]
- Nationalist Coalition[26]
- New Order[26]
- NS Publications[26]
- Revolutionary Order of the Aryan Republic[26]
- Sadistic Souls Motorcycle Club[26]
- Third Reich Books[26]
- White Aryan Resistance[26]
Listed in 2015 report
- American Nazi Party[11]
- Aryan Nations (Louisiana)[11]
- Aryan Nations Worldwide[11]
- Christian Defense League[11]
- Creativity Alliance, The[11]
- Creativity Movement, The[11]
- Gallows Tree Wotansvolk Alliance[11]
- Golden Dawn[11]
- NS Publications[11]
- National Alliance[11]
- National Alliance Reform and Restoration Group[11]
- National Socialist Freedom Movement[11]
- National Socialist German Workers Party[11]
- National Socialist Movement[11]
- New Order[11]
- Sadistic Souls Motorcycle Club[11]
- Third Reich Books[11]
- White Aryan Resistance[11]
White nationalist
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 92 |
| 2004 | 99 |
| 2005 | 111 |
| 2006 | 110 |
| 2007 | 125 |
| 2008 | 111 |
| 2009 | 132 |
| 2010 | 136 |
| 2011 | 146 |
| 2012 | 135 |
| 2013 | 128 |
| 2014 | 115 |
| 2015 | 95 |
White nationalism is a political ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people (as opposed to multiculturalism) and a separate all-white nation state. White separatism and white supremacy are subgroups within white nationalism.[27]
The former seek a separate white state, while the latter add ideas from social Darwinism and Nazism to their ideology. The vast majority of white nationalists are separatists, and a smaller number of them are supremacists.[27] Both generally avoid the term supremacy, because it has negative connotations.[28] The contemporary white nationalist movement in the United States could be regarded as a reaction to what is perceived as a decline in white demographics, politics and culture.[29]
According to Samuel P. Huntington, the contemporary white nationalist movement is increasingly cultured, intellectual and academically trained.[30] Some have suggested that rather than espousing violence, white nationalists use statistics and social science data to argue for a self-conscious white identity.[31] By challenging established policies on immigration, civil rights and racial integration, they seek to build bridges with more moderate conservative white people.[32]
Listed in 2014 report
- Advanced White Society[33]
- Alternative Right[33]
- American Freedom Party[33]
- American Nationalist Association[33]
- American Nationalist Union[33]
- American Renaissance/New Century Foundation[33]
- American Vikings[33]
- Aryan Wear[33]
- Barnes Review/Foundation for Economic Liberty, Inc.[33]
- Bob's Underground Graduate Seminar (BUGS)[33]
- carolynyeager.net[33]
- Center for the Advancement of Occidental Culture (CAOC)[33]
- Confederate Patriot Voters United[33]
- Conservative Citizens Foundation, Inc.[33]
- Council for Social and Economic Studies[33]
- Council of Conservative Citizens[33]
- Counter-Currents Publishing[33]
- The Daily Stormer[33]
- Delaware Advanced White Society[33]
- European American Action Coalition[33]
- European American Front[33]
- Faith and Heritage[33]
- Family Home Northwest[33]
- Fitzgerald Griffin Foundation[33]
- Free America Rally[33]
- Free American[33]
- Free Edgar Steele[33]
- H.L. Mencken Club[33]
- Heritage and Destiny[33]
- Kinist Institute[33]
- Malevolent Freedom[33]
- Middle American News[33]
- National Association for the Advancement of America[33]
- National Policy Institute[33]
- National Youth Front[33]
- Nationalist Movement[33]
- New Century Productions - A Conversation About Race[33]
- Northwest Front[33]
- Occidental Dissent[33]
- Occidental Quarterly/Charles Martel Society[33]
- Pacifica Forum[33]
- Patriotic Flags[33]
- Pioneer Fund[33]
- Pioneer Little Europe[33]
- The Political Cesspool[33]
- Protestant White Nationalist Party of Kentucky/Uncreated Light[33]
- Racial Nationalist Party of America[33]
- Radix Journal[33]
- Red October[33]
- Scott-Townsend Publishers[33]
- South Africa Project[33]
- Southern European Aryans League Army[33]
- Stormfront[33]
- Traditionalist Youth Network (Indiana University)[33]
- VDARE Foundation[33]
- Voice of Reason Broadcast Network[33]
- Washington Summit Publishers[33]
- Whitakeronline[33]
- White Advocacy Movement[33]
- White Boy Society[33]
- White Man's March[33]
- White Rabbit Radio[33]
- White Student Union of Tarrant County[33]
- The White Voice[33]
- World View Foundations[33]
- WTM Enterprises[33]
Listed in 2015 report
- Advanced White Society[11]
- Alternative Right[11]
- American Eagle Party[11]
- American Freedom Party[11]
- American Nationalist Association[11]
- American Nationalist Union[11]
- American Renaissance/New Century Foundation[11]
- Bob's Underground Graduate Seminar/BUGS[11]
- carolynyeager.net[11]
- Confederate Patriot Voters United[11]
- Conservative Citizens Foundation, Inc.[11]
- Council for Social and Economic Studies[11]
- Council of Conservative Citizens[11]
- Counter-Currents Publishing[11]
- Daily Stormer, The[11]
- European American Action Coalition[11]
- European American Front[11]
- Faith and Heritage[11]
- Fitzgerald Griffin Foundation, The[11]
- Free American[11]
- Free Edgar Steele[11]
- H.L. Mencken Club[11]
- Heritage and Destiny[11]
- Identity Vanguard[11]
- Malevolent Freedom[11]
- National Association for the Advancement of America[11]
- National Policy Institute[11]
- National Youth Front[11]
- Nationalist Movement[11]
- Northwest Front[11]
- Occidental Dissent[11]
- Occidental Quarterly/Charles Martel Society
- Pacifica Forum[11]
- Patriotic Flags[11]
- Pioneer Little Europe Kalispell Montana[11]
- Political Cesspool, The
- Racial Nationalist Party of America
- Radix Journal[11]
- Renegade Broadcasting[11]
- Right Wing Resistance[11]
- Scott-Townsend Publishers[11]
- Social Contract Press[11]
- South Africa Project[11]
- South Knox Ten Milers[11]
- Stormfront[11]
- Traditionalist Worker Party[11]
- Traditionalist Youth Network[11]
- VDARE Foundation[11]
- Washington Summit Publishers[11]
- Whitakeronline[11]
- White Advocacy Movement[11]
- White Rabbit Radio[11]
- White Trash Rebel[11]
- White Voice, The[11]
- Wolves of Vinland[11]
- World View Foundations[11]
- WTM Enterprises[11]
Racist skinheads
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 39 |
| 2004 | 48 |
| 2005 | 56 |
| 2006 | 78 |
| 2007 | 90 |
| 2008 | 98 |
| 2009 | 122 |
| 2010 | 136 |
| 2011 | 133 |
| 2012 | 138 |
| 2013 | 126 |
| 2014 | 119 |
| 2015 | 95 |
Racist skinheads are a white supremacist and anti-semitic offshoot of the skinhead subculture.[34][35][36] Many of them are affiliated with white nationalist organizations. Starting in the United Kingdom, the subculture eventually spread to North America, Europe and other areas of the world.[37][38][39] In 1988, there were approximately 2,000 neo-Nazi skinheads in the US.[40][41] According to a 2007 report by the Anti-Defamation League, groups such as white power skinheads, neo-Nazis, and the Ku Klux Klan, have been growing more active in the United States in recent years, with a particular focus on opposing non-white immigration, specifically from Mexico.[35]
Listed in 2014 report
- AC Skins[42]
- American Front[42]
- Aryan Strikeforce[42]
- Aryan Terror Brigade[42]
- Bergen County Hooligans[42]
- Blood and Honour U.S.A.[42]
- Crew 38[42]
- Die Auserwahlten[42]
- Golden State Solidarity[42]
- Hammerskins[42]
- The Hated[42]
- Hated and Proud Skins[42]
- Keystone State Skinheads[42]
- Lone Star United[42]
- Maryland State Skinheads[42]
- Nord Herrenvolk[42]
- Old Glory Skinheads[42]
- Orange County Skins[42]
- Sacto Skinheads[42]
- Supreme White Alliance[42]
- United Society of Aryan Skinheads[42]
- Vinlanders[42]
Listed in 2015 report
- AC Skins[11]
- American Front[11]
- American Viking Clothing Co.[11]
- Aryan Strikeforce[11]
- Aryan Terror Brigade[11]
- Blood and Honour Social Club[11]
- Blood and Honour U.S.A.[11]
- California Skinheads[11]
- Confederate Hammerskins[11]
- Crew 38[11]
- Eastern Hammerskins[11]
- Golden State Skinheads[11]
- Hated, The[11]
- Keystone State Skinheads[11]
- Maryland State Skinheads[11]
- Midland Hammerskins[11]
- Northern Hammerskins[11]
- Northwest Hammerskins[11]
- Old Glory Skinheads[11]
- Sacto Skins[11]
- Sadistic Souls Skinheads[11]
- Supreme White Alliance[11]
- Vinlanders[11]
- Warlord Skins[11]
- Western Hammerskins[11]
Black separatist/nationalist
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 136 |
| 2004 | 108 |
| 2005 | 106 |
| 2006 | 88 |
| 2007 | 81 |
| 2008 | 112 |
| 2009 | 121 |
| 2010 | 149 |
| 2011 | 140 |
| 2012 | 151 |
| 2013 | 115 |
| 2014 | 113 |
| 2015 | 180 |
Black separatism is a movement which historically sought to create separate institutions for black people, mostly of African descent, in societies historically dominated by whites. Some also have traditionally sought out a separate homeland. Some black nationalist groups, most notably the Nation of Islam and the New Black Panther Party, seek less to create their own land than to co-opt existing power structures, they have preached hatred of white people and support or condone violent actions by its core constituencies.[43]
Listed in 2014 report
- All Eyes on Egypt Bookstore[44]
- Black Riders Liberation Party[44]
- Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ[44]
- Nation of Islam[44]
- National Black Foot Soldier Network[44]
- New Black Panther Party[44]
- War On The Horizon[44]
Listed in 2015 report
- All Eyes on Egipt Bookstore[11]
- Black Hebrew Israelites[11]
- Black Riders Liberation Party[11]
- Israel United In Christ[11]
- Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ, The[11]
- Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge[11]
- Nation of Islam[11]
- New Black Panther Party[11]
- War On The Horizon[11]
Neo-Confederate
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 91 |
| 2004 | 97 |
| 2005 | 99 |
| 2006 | 102 |
| 2007 | 104 |
| 2008 | 93 |
| 2009 | 68 |
| 2010 | 42 |
| 2011 | 32 |
| 2012 | 30 |
| 2013 | 36 |
| 2014 | 37 |
| 2015 | 35 |
Neo-Confederate is a term used by academics to describe the views of various groups and individuals who have a positive belief system concerning the historical experience of the Confederate States of America, the southern secession, and the southern United States — including proslavery ideology. Neo-Confederacy usually expresses veneration for Confederate leaders, soldiers, writers, symbols and other aspects of the Confederacy.[45]
It advocates alternative interpretations of American history, particularly regarding the American Civil War, the history of the Southern United States and the founding of the United States. It portrays the southern United States as victims of war crimes and constitutional violations by Abraham Lincoln, the Northern United States and the Union armies.[46]
Listed in 2014 report
Listed in 2015 report
Christian Identity
| Year | Number listed |
|---|---|
| 2003 | 31 |
| 2004 | 28 |
| 2005 | 35 |
| 2006 | 37 |
| 2007 | 36 |
| 2008 | 39 |
| 2009 | 37 |
| 2010 | 26 |
| 2011 | 55 |
| 2012 | 54 |
| 2013 | 37 |
| 2014 | 21 |
| 2015 | 19 |
Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a white supremacist theology.[48][49]
Most reportedly promote a racist interpretation of Christianity. It emerged as an offshoot sect from British Israelism in the 1920s and 1930s.[50][51] Estimates are that these groups have 2,000 to 50,000 members in the United States.[52]
Listed in 2014 report
- 11th Hour Remnant Messenger[53]
- America's Promise Ministries[53]
- Christian Identity Church – Aryan Nations[53]
- The Church of Jesus Christ Christian/Aryan Nations
- Church of the Sons of YHWH[53]
- Covenant People's Ministry[53]
- Divine International Church of the Web[53]
- Ecclesiastical Council for the Restoration of Covenant Israel[53]
- Fellowship of God's Covenant People[53]
- First Baptist Church and Ministry[53]
- First Century Christian Ministries[53]
- Holy Order Ministry[53]
- Identity Nation[53]
- Kingdom Identity Ministries[53]
- Kinsman Redeemer Ministries[53]
- Knights of the Holy Identity[53]
- Mission to Israel[53]
- Non-Universal Teaching Ministries[53]
- Our Place Fellowship[53]
- Scriptures for America Ministries[53]
- Shepherd's Call Ministries, The[53]
- Thomas Robb Ministries[53]
- United Identity Church of Christ[53]
- Virginia Publishing Company[53]
- Watchmen Bible Study Group[53]
- Weisman Publications[53]
- Yahweh's Truth[53]
Listed in 2015 report
- America's Promise Ministries[11]
- Christian Revival Center[11]
- Church of the Sons of YHVH[11]
- Covenant People's Ministry[11]
- Divine International Church of the Web[11]
- Ecclesiastical Council for the Restoration of Covenant Israel (ECRCI)[11]
- Faith Baptist Church and Ministry[11]
- Fellowship of God’s Covenant People[11]
- Kingdom Identity Ministries[11]
- Kinsman Redeemer Ministries[11]
- Mission to Israel[11]
- Non-Universal Teaching Ministries[11]
- Our Place Fellowship[11]
- Scriptures for America Ministries[11]
- Thomas Robb Ministries[11]
- Virginia Publishing Company[11]
- Watchmen Bible Study Group[11]
- Weisman Publications[11]
- Yahweh's Truth[11]
General hate
Anti-LGBT
Main article: List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate groups
Anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) or anti-gay can refer to activities in certain categories (or combination of categories): attitudes against or discrimination against LGBT people, violence against LGBT people, LGBT rights opposition and religious opposition to homosexuality.
Listed in 2014 report
- Abiding Truth Ministries[54]
- American College of Pediatricians[54]
- American Family Association[54]
- American Vision[54]
- Americans for Truth About Homosexuality[54]
- ATLAH World Missionary Church[54][55]
- Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute (C-FAM)[54]
- Chalcedon Foundation[54]
- Christ the King Church (Larkspur, Colorado)[54]
- Faithful Word Baptist Church[54]
- Family Research Council[54]
- Family Research Institute[54]
- Family Watch International[54]
- Generations With Vision[54]
- Help Rescue Our Children[54]
- Heterosexuals Organized for a Moral Environment (H.O.M.E.)[54]
- Illinois Family Institute[54]
- Liberty Counsel[54]
- MassResistance[54]
- Mission: America[54]
- Pacific Justice Institute[54]
- Parents Action League[54]
- Pass the Salt Ministries[54]
- Pilgrims Covenant Church[54]
- The Pray in Jesus Name Project[54]
- Probe Ministries[54]
- Providence Road Baptist Church[54]
- Public Advocate of the United States (see Eugene Delgaudio)[54]
- Ruth Institute[54]
- SaveCalifornia.com[54]
- Steadfast Baptist Church[54]
- Sons of Thundr (Faith Baptist Church)[54]
- TC Family (Traverse City Family)[54]
- Tom Brown Ministries[54]
- Traditional Values Coalition[54]
- True Light Pentecost Church[54]
- Truth In Action Ministries[54]
- United Families International[54]
- Westboro Baptist Church[54]
- Windsor Hills Baptist Church[54]
- World Congress of Families/Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society[54]
- You Can Run But You Cannot Hide International[54]
Listed in 2015 report
- ATLAH World Missionary Church (All The Land Anointed Holy)[11]
- Abiding Truth Ministries[11]
- American College of Pediatricians[11]
- American Family Association[11]
- American Vision[11]
- Americans for Truth About Homosexuality[11]
- Campus Ministry USA, The[11]
- Center for Family and Human Rights (C-FAM)[11]
- Chalcedon Foundation[11]
- Christ the King Church (Larkspur, Colorado)[11]
- Citizens for Community Values[11]
- Conservative Republicans of Texas[11]
- D. James Kennedy Ministries[11]
- Faith Baptist Church[11]
- Faith2Action[11]
- Family Research Council[11]
- Family Research Institute[11]
- Family Watch International[11]
- Friendship Assembly of God Church[11]
- Generations With Vision[11]
- Heterosexuals Organized for a Moral Environment (H.O.M.E.)[11]
- Illinois Family Institute[11]
- Jewish Political Action Committee[11]
- Liberty Counsel[11]
- Mass Resistance[11]
- Mission: America[11]
- Pacific Justice Institute[11]
- Pass the Salt Ministries[11]
- Pilgrims Covenant Church[11]
- Pray in Jesus Name Project, The[11]
- Probe Ministries[11]
- Providence Road Baptist Church[11]
- Public Advocate of the United States[11]
- Ruth Institute[11]
- Save California[11]
- Sons of Liberty Media[11]
- Stedfast Baptist Church[11]
- TC Family (Traverse City Family)[11]
- Tom Brown Ministries[11]
- Traditional Values Coalition[11]
- True Light Pentecost Church[11]
- United Families International[11]
- Westboro Baptist Church[11]
- Windsor Hills Baptist Church[11]
- World Congress of Families/Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society[11]
Anti-immigrant
The SPLC's anti-immigrant group category are described as xenophobic, publishing racist propaganda, and/or confronting or harassing immigrants and their supporters.[56]
Listed in 2014 report
- American Border Patrol[57]
- American Immigration Control Foundation/Americans for Immigration Control[57]
- American Patrol/Voice of Citizens Together[57]
- Americans for Legal Immigration (ALIPAC)[57]
- Americans Have Had Enough[57]
- California Coalition for Immigration Reform[57]
- Concerned Citizens and Friends of Illegal Immigration Law Enforcement[57]
- Federation for American Immigration Reform[57]
- New Yorkers for Immigration Control and Enforcement (NYICE)[57]
- ProEnglish[57]
- Social Contract Press[57]
- United for a Sovereign America[57]
- US Border Guard & Border Rangers[57]
Listed in 2015 report
- American Border Patrol[11]
- American Immigration Control Foundation/Americans for Immigration Control[11]
- Americans Have Had Enough[11]
- Americans for Legal Immigration (ALIPAC)[11]
- Californians for Population Stabilization[11]
- Camp LoneStar[11]
- Colorado Alliance for Immigration Reform[11]
- Federation for American Immigration Reform[11]
- National Coalition for Immigration Reform[11]
- New Yorkers for Immigration Control and Enforcement (NYICE)[11]
- ProEnglish[11]
- US Border Guard[11]
Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying that the Holocaust happened.[58] Most Holocaust deniers argue that the Holocaust is a hoax arising out of a deliberate Jewish conspiracy to advance the interest of Jews at the expense of other peoples.[59] The key claims of Holocaust denial are that: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazis did not use extermination camps and gas chambers to mass murder Jews, and that the number of Jews killed by the Nazis was significantly lower than the historically accepted figure of 5 to 6 million.[60][61][62] Holocaust deniers generally do not use the term denial to describe their beliefs, and instead usually use the term historical revisionism.[63] Scholars use the term denial to differentiate Holocaust deniers from legitimate historical revisionists, who use established historical methodologies.[64]
Listed in 2014 report
- Campaign for Radical Truth in History[65]
- Castle Hill Publishers[65]
- Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust[65]
- Inconvenient History[65]
- Institute for Historical Review[65]
- Institute for Historical Review Store[65]
- The International Conspiratological Association[65]
- Irving Books[65]
- Noontide Press[65]
Listed in 2015 report
- Barnes Review/Foundation for Economic Liberty, Inc.[11]
- Campaign for Radical Truth in History[11]
- Castle Hill Publishers[11]
- Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust[11]
- Inconvenient History[11]
- Institute for Historical Review[11]
- Institute for Historical Review Store[11]
- International Conspiratological Association, The[11]
- Irving Books[11]
- Noontide Press[11]
Racist music
White power music is music that promotes white nationalism and expresses racism against non-whites.[66] White power music adopts the musical conventions, rhythms and forms of non-racist music to advance extreme white racism in various music genres, including pop, rock, country, experimental music and folk.[67][68] Specific white power music genres include Nazi punk, Rock Against Communism, hatecore and National Socialist black metal.[68]
Listed in 2014 report
Listed in 2015 report
Radical traditional Catholicism
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, radical traditionalist Catholics who "may make up the largest single group of serious anti-Semites in America, subscribe to an ideology that is rejected by the Vatican and some 70 million mainstream American Catholics and many of their leaders have been condemned and even excommunicated by the official church.[70] Adherents of radical traditional Catholicism "routinely pillory Jews as 'the perpetual enemy of Christ'", reject the ecumenical efforts of the Vatican, and sometimes argue that all recent Popes are illegitimate.[70] Adherents are also "incensed by the liberalizing reforms" of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65), which condemned hatred for Jewish people and "rejected the accusation that Jews are collectively responsible for deicide in the form of the crucifixion of Christ."[70]
Listed in 2014 report
- Alliance for Catholic Tradition[71]
- Catholic Action Resource Center[71]
- Catholic Counterpoint[71]
- Catholic Family News/Catholic Family Ministries, Inc.[71]
- Christ or Chaos[71]
- Culture Wars/Fidelity Press[71]
- The Fatima Crusader/International Fatima Rosary Crusade[71]
- IHM Media[71]
- IHS Press[71]
- In the Spirit of Chartres Committee[71]
- Most Holy Family Monastery[71]
- OMNI Christian Book Club[71]
- The Remnant/The Remnant Press[71]
- Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary[71]
- St. Michael's Parish/Mount St. Michael[71]
- Tradition in Action[71]
Listed in 2015 report
- Alliance for Catholic Tradition[11]
- Catholic Action Resource Center[11]
- Catholic Counterpoint[11]
- Catholic Family News/Catholic Family Ministries, Inc.[11]
- Christ or Chaos[11]
- Culture Wars/Fidelity Press[11]
- Fatima Crusader, The/International Fatima Rosary Crusade[11]
- IHM Media[11]
- IHS Press[11]
- In the Spirit of Chartres Committee[11]
- Most Holy Family Monastery[11]
- OMNI Christian Book Club[11]
- Remnant, The/The Remnant Press[11]
- Robert Sungenis[11]
- Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary[11]
- St. Michael's Parish/Mount St. Michael[11]
- Tradition in Action[11]
Anti-Muslim
Anti-Muslim hate groups are described as disputing Islam's status as a respectable religion, and depicting Muslims as irrational, intolerant and violent, and "sanctioning pedophilia, marital rape and child marriage".[72]
Listed in 2014 report
- 9/11 Christian Center at Ground Zero[73]
- Aggressive Christianity[73]
- The American Defence League[73]
- American Freedom Defense Initiative (also known as Freedom Defense Initiative and Stop Islamization of America)[73]
- Atlas Shrugs[73]
- Bare Naked Islam[73]
- Casa D'Ice Signs[73]
- Christian Action Network[73]
- Christian Guardians[73]
- Christian Phalange[73]
- Citizen Warrior[73]
- Citizens for National Security[73]
- Concerned American Citizens[73]
- Concerned Citizens for the First Amendment[73]
- Counter Jihadist Coalition of Southern California[73]
- Escaping Islam[73]
- Faith Freedom[73]
- Gold is Money[73]
- Islam: Making a True Difference in the World -- One Body at a Time[73]
- Islam: the Religion of Peace (and a big stack of dead bodies)[73]
- Islamthreat.com[73]
- Jihad Watch[73]
- Political Islam[73]
- Prophet of Doom[73]
- Radio Jihad[73]
- Sharia Awareness Action Network[73]
- Silver Bullet Gun Oil[73]
- Stop the Islamization of Nations (SION)[73]
- Sultan Knish[73]
- Tennessee Freedom Coalition[73]
- United States Defense League[73]
- United States Justice Foundation[73]
- The United West[73]
Listed in 2015 report
- ACT for America[11]
- American Defence League, The[11]
- American Freedom Defense Initiative[11]
- American Freedom Law Center[11]
- Atlas Shrugs[11]
- Bare Naked Islam[11]
- Bosch Fawstin[11]
- Bureau on American Islamic Relations[11]
- Casa D'Ice Signs[11]
- Center for Security Policy[11]
- Christian Action Network[11]
- Christian Guardians[11]
- Citizen Warrior[11]
- Citizens for National Security[11]
- Counter Jihadist Coalition of Southern California[11]
- David Horowitz Freedom Center[11]
- Faith Freedom[11]
- Islam: Making a True Difference in the World -- One Body at a Time[11]
- Islamthreat.com[11]
- Jihad Watch[11]
- Political Islam[11]
- Prophet of Doom[11]
- Radio Jihad[11]
- Religious Awareness Network[11]
- Shoebat Foundation, The[11]
- Silver Bullet Gun Oil[11]
- Stop the Islamization of America (SIOA)[11]
- Stop the Islamization of the World[11]
- Straight Way and More, The[11]
- Sultan Knish a blog by Daniel Greenfield[11]
- Tennessee Freedom Coalition[11]
- United West, The[11]
- What Did Mohammad Do?[11]
- islam: the Religion of Peace (and a big stack of dead bodies)[11]
Other
Listed in 2014 report
- a2z Publications[74]
- Aggressive Christianity[74]
- American Free Press[74]
- Artisan Publishers[74]
- As-Sabiqun[74]
- Bill Keller Ministries[74]
- The Brother Nathanael Foundation[74]
- Chick Publications[74]
- Christian Anti-Defamation Commission[74]
- The Church at Kaweah[74]
- Concerned Citizens and Friends of Illegal Immigration Law Enforcement[74]
- Cultural Studies Press[74]
- The Dakota Voice[74]
- Dove World Outreach Center[74]
- European-American Evangelistic Crusades[74]
- Faithful Word Baptist Church[74]
- Florida Family Association[74]
- Fundamentalist Latter Day Saints[74]
- Geauga Constitutional Council[74]
- Holy Nation of Odin[74]
- Insight USA[74]
- Invictus Books[74]
- Jamaat al-Muslimeen[74]
- Jewish Task Force[74]
- Masjid al Islam[74]
- National Prayer Network[74]
- Official Street Preachers[74]
- Ozark Craft LC[74]
- Power of Prophecy[74]
- Reformation-Bible Puritan-Baptist Church[74]
- Samanta Roy Institute of Science and Technology[74]
- Sharkhunters International[74]
- Society for the Practical Establishment and Perpetuation of the Ten Commandments[74]
- Sons of Aesir Motorcycle Club[74]
- Tea Party Nation[74]
- Tony Alamo Christian Ministries[74]
- Truth At Last[74]
- White Pride Home School Resource Center[74]
Listed in 2015 report
- a2z Publications[11]
- Active Democracy[11]
- Aggressive Christianity[11]
- American Free Press[11]
- Artisan Publishers[11]
- As-Sabiqun[11]
- Bill Keller Ministries[11]
- Brother Nathanael Foundation, The[11]
- Chick Publications[11]
- Christian Anti-Defamation Commission[11]
- Christian Ministries[11]
- Concerned Citizens and Friends of Illegal Immigration Law Enforcement[11]
- Cultural Studies Press[11]
- Dakota Voice, The[11]
- European-American Evangelistic Crusades[11]
- Faithful Word Baptist Church[11]
- Florida Family Association[11]
- Fundamentalist Latter Day Saints[11]
- Geauga Constitutional Council[11]
- Holy Nation of Odin[11]
- Insight USA[11]
- Invictus Books[11]
- Jamaat al-Muslimeen[11]
- Jewish Task Force[11]
- Lordship Church[11]
- Masjid al Islam[11]
- National Prayer Network[11]
- New Nation Productions[11]
- Official Street Preachers[11]
- Power of Prophecy[11]
- Reformation-Bible Puritan-Baptist Church[11]
- Rense Radio Network[11]
- Repent Amarillo[11]
- Samanta Roy Institute of Science and Technology[11]
- Sharkhunters International[11]
- Society for the Practical Establishment and Perpetuation of the Ten Commandments[11]
- Sons of Aesir Motorcycle Club[11]
- Tea Party Nation[11]
- Tony Alamo[11]
- Truth At Last[11]
- White Pride Home School Resource Center[11]
See also
- Hate group
- Hate crime
- Hate speech
- International Bill of Human Rights
- Foreign Terrorist Organizations
- List of Ku Klux Klan organizations
References
- 1 2 3 "Hate Map". Southern Poverty Law Center website. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
- ↑ "Intelligence Report". Southern Poverty Law Center website. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
- ↑ Rory McVeigh. "Structured Ignorance and Organized Racism in the United States", Social Forces, Vol. 82, No. 3, (March 2004), p. 913 via JSTOR
- ↑ Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement By David Mark Chalmers Page 188
- ↑ Brett A. Barnett (December 31, 2007). Untangling the web of hate: are online "hate sites" deserving of First Amendment Protection?. Google Books. ISBN 9781934043912. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Illinois Association for Cultural Diversity reading list". Western Illinois University. Retrieved January 26, 2009.
- ↑ "Hatewatch Weekly". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ↑ Gordon, Joy. ""Hate," Immigration, and the Southern Poverty Law Center | Harper's Magazine". Harpers.org. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
- ↑ "Annual report cites rise in hate groups, but what is 'hate'?", csmonitor.com; accessed June 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014". Southern Poverty Law Center website. Southern Poverty Law Center. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2015, Southern Poverty Law Center (February 4, 2016).
- ↑ O'Donnell, Patrick (Editor), 2006. Ku Klux Klan America's First Terrorists Exposed, pg. 210; ISBN 1-4196-4978-7.
- ↑ Chalmers, David Mark, 2003. Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement, p. 163. ISBN 978-0-7425-2311-1.
- ↑ Berlet, Chip; Lyons, Matthew Nemiroff (2000). Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort. Guilford Press. pg. 60; ISBN 978-1-57230-562-5.
- ↑ Rory McVeigh, The rise of the Ku Klux Klan: right-wing movements and national politics organizations. University of Minnesota Press. 2009.
- 1 2 Charles Quarles, The Ku Klux Klan and related American racialist and antisemitic organizations: a history and analysis, McFarland, 1999.
- ↑ Both the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center include it in their lists of hate groups. See also Bfrian Levin, Brian "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America" in Perry, Barbara (editor). Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader. p. 112
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "Active Ku Klux Klan Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ↑ Lee McGowan (2002). The Radical Right in Germany: 1870 to the Present. Pearson Education. pp. 9, 178. ISBN 0-582-29193-3. OCLC 49785551.
- ↑ Brigitte Bailer-Galanda; Wolfgang Neugebauer. "Right-Wing Extremism in Austria: History, Organisations, Ideology".
Right-wing extremism can be equated neither with National Socialism nor with neo-Fascism or neo-Nazism. Neo-Nazism, a legal term, is understood as the attempt to propagate, in direct defiance of the law (Verbotsgesetz), Nazi ideology or measures such as the denial, playing-down, approval or justification of Nazi mass murder, especially the Holocaust.
- ↑ Martin Frost. "Neo Nazism".
The term neo-Nazism refers to any social or political movement seeking to revive National Socialism or a form of Fascism, and which postdates the Second World War. Often, especially internationally, those who are part of such movements do not use the term to describe themselves.
- ↑ Lee, Martin A. 1997. The Beast Reawakens. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, pp. 85–118, 214–34, 277–281, 287–330, 333–78. On Volk concept", and a discussion of ethnonationalist integralism, see pp. 215–18
- ↑ Peter Vogelsang & Brian B.M. Larsen (2002). "Neo-Nazism". The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Neo-Nazism is the name for a modern offshoot of Nazism. It is a radically right-wing ideology, whose main characteristics are extreme nationalism and violent xenophobia. Neo-Nazism is, as the word suggests, a modern version of Nazism. In general, it is an incoherent right-extremist ideology, which is characterised by ‘borrowing’ many of the elements that constituted traditional Nazism.
- ↑ Ondřej Cakl & Klára Kalibová (2002). "Neo-Nazism". Faculty of Humanities at Charles University in Prague, Department of Civil Society Studies. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
Neo-Nazism: An ideology that draws upon the legacy of the Nazi Third Reich, the main pillars of which are an admiration for Adolf Hitler, aggressive nationalism (“nothing but the nation”), and hatred of Jews, foreigners, ethnic minorities, homosexuals and everyone who is different in some way.
- ↑ Werner Bergmann; Rainer Erb (1997). Anti-Semitism in Germany: The Post-Nazi Epoch Since 1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 91. ISBN 1-56000-270-0. OCLC 35318351.
In contrast to today, in which rigid authoritarianism and neo-Nazism are characteristic of marginal groups, open or latent leanings toward Nazi ideology in the 1940s and 1950s
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Active Neo-Nazi Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- 1 2 Swain, Carol M. (April 11, 2003). "Interviews offer unprecedented look into the world and words of the new white nationalism". Vanderbilt University.
- ↑ The New Nativism; The alarming overlap between white nationalists and mainstream anti-immigrant forces. The American Prospect November, 2005
- ↑ McConnell, Scott (August–September 2002). "The New White Nationalism in America". First Things.
- ↑ The Hispanic challenge. Foreign Policy, March 1, 2004.
- ↑ Despite new leaders, tactics and ideas, the goal of white separatists remains to convince Americans that racial separation is the only way to survive. National Public Radio (NPR) August 14, 2003 Thursday
- ↑ "Can We Improve Race Relations by Giving Racists Some of What They Want?", The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 19, 2002.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 "Active White Nationalist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ↑ "White Power Music". Anti-Defamation League. 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
- 1 2 "Immigration Fueling White Supremacists". CBS News. February 6, 2007.
- ↑ "New York Times – "Neo-Nazi Activity Is Arising Among U.S. Youth"". Partners.nytimes.com. June 13, 1988. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- ↑ "Southern Poverty Law Center – Hammerskin Nation". Splcenter.org. April 16, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- ↑ Phyllis B. Gerstenfeld, Diana Ruth Grant, "Crimes of hate – Chapter:Target recruitment of Nazi Skinheads", pp. 217–18.
- ↑ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, "The white separatist movement in the United States", pp. 69–70.
- ↑ Katherine Bishop (June 13, 1988). "Neo-Nazi Activity Is Arising Among U.S. Youth". The New York Times On The Web. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
- ↑ "Encyclopedia of Gangs 2007". Whiteprisongangs.info. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "Active Racist Skinhead Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ↑ Publications, rand.org; accessed March 30, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Active Black Separatist Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ↑ Confederate Monumental Landscape, vastpublicindifference.blogspot.com; accessed March 30, 2016.
- ↑ "The Lincoln Myth by Thomas DiLorenzo". Plpow.com. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Active Neo-Confederate Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ↑ Eck, Diane (2001). A New Religious America: How a "Christian Country" has become the world's most religiously diverse nation. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 347.
- ↑ Buck, Christopher (2009). Religious Myths and Visions of America: How Minority Faiths Redefined America's World Role. Praeger. pp. 107–08, 213. ISBN 978-0313359590.
- ↑ Religion and the racist right: the origins of the Christian Identity movement, Michael Barkun, 1997, Preface, xii, xiii.
- ↑ "Christian Identity". Adl.org. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- ↑ Barkun, Michael (1996). "preface". Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. University of North Carolina Press. p. x. ISBN 0-8078-4638-4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 "Active Christian Identity Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 "Active Anti-LGBT Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ↑ "SPLC adds 'Sodomist Semen' pastor's church to list of anti-LGBTI hate groups". Gay Star News. 2015-05-16. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
- ↑ "splcenter.org". Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Active Anti-Immigrant Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ↑ Donald L Niewyk, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, pg. 45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II."
- ↑ A hoax designed to advance the interests of Jews:
- "The title of App's major work on the Holocaust, The Six Million Swindle, is informative because it implies on its very own the existence of a conspiracy of Jews to perpetrate a hoax against non-Jews for monetary gain." Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition, The Holocaust History Project, July 2, 2004; retrieved May 16, 2007.
- "Jews are thus depicted as manipulative and powerful conspirators who have fabricated myths of their own suffering for their own ends. According to the Holocaust deniers, by forging evidence and mounting a massive propaganda effort, the Jews have established their lies as ‘truth’ and reaped enormous rewards from doing so: for example, in making financial claims on Germany and acquiring international support for Israel." "The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial?", JPR report No. 3, 2000. Retrieved May 16, 2007.
- "Why, we might ask the deniers, if the Holocaust did not happen would any group concoct such a horrific story? Because, some deniers claim, there was a conspiracy by Zionists to exaggerate the plight of Jews during the war in order to finance the state of Israel through war reparations." Michael Shermer & Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000; ISBN 0-520-23469-3, pg. 106.
- "Since its inception...the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), a California-based Holocaust denial organization founded by Willis Carto of Liberty Lobby, has promoted the antisemitic conspiracy theory that Jews fabricated tales of their own genocide to manipulate the sympathies of the non-Jewish world." Antisemitism and Racism Country Reports: United States, Stephen Roth Institute, 2000; retrieved May 17, 2007.
- "The central assertion for the deniers is that Jews are not victims but victimizers. They 'stole' billions in reparations, destroyed Germany's good name by spreading the 'myth' of the Holocaust, and won international sympathy because of what they claimed had been done to them. In the paramount miscarriage of injustice, they used the world's sympathy to 'displace' another people so that the state of Israel could be established. This contention relating to the establishment of Israel is a linchpin of their argument." Deborah Lipstadt. Denying the Holocaust – The Growing Assault onTruth and Memory, Penguin, 1993; ISBN 0-452-27274-2, pg. 27.
- "They [Holocaust deniers] picture a vast shadowy conspiracy that controls and manipulates the institutions of education, culture, the media and government in order to disseminate a pernicious mythology. The purpose of this Holocaust mythology, they assert, is the inculcation of a sense of guilt in the white, Western Christian world. Those who can make others feel guilty have power over them and can make them do their bidding. This power is used to advance an international Jewish agenda centered in the Zionist enterprise of the State of Israel." Introduction: Denial as Anti-Semitism, "Holocaust Denial: An Online Guide to Exposing and Combating Anti-Semitic Propaganda", Anti-Defamation League, 2001; retrieved June 12, 2007.
- "Deniers argue that the manufactured guilt and shame over a mythological Holocaust led to Western, specifically United States, support for the establishment and sustenance of the Israeli state — a sustenance that costs the American taxpayer over three billion dollars per year. They assert that American taxpayers have been and continue to be swindled..." Introduction: Denial as Anti-Semitism, "Holocaust Denial: An Online Guide to Exposing and Combating Anti-Semitic Propaganda", Anti-Defamation League, 2001; retrieved June 12, 2007.
- "The stress on Holocaust revisionism underscored the new anti-Semitic agenda gaining ground within the Klan movement. Holocaust denial refurbished conspiratorial anti-Semitism. Who else but the Jews had the media power to hoodwink unsuspecting masses with one of the greatest hoaxes in history? And for what motive? To promote the claims of the illegitimate state of Israel by making non-Jews feel guilty, of course." Lawrence N. Powell, Troubled Memory: Anne Levy, the Holocaust, and David Duke's Louisiana, University of North Carolina Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8078-5374-7, pg. 445.
- ↑ "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?", The Holocaust Resource Center Faqs, Yad Vashem website; accessed February 17, 2011.
See also appropriate section of the Holocaust article for the death toll. - ↑ Key elements of Holocaust denial:
- "Before discussing how Holocaust denial constitutes a conspiracy theory, and how the theory is distinctly American, it is important to understand what is meant by the term "Holocaust denial." Holocaust deniers, or "revisionists," as they call themselves, question all three major points of definition of the Nazi Holocaust. First, they contend that, while mass murders of Jews did occur (although they dispute both the intentionality of such murders as well as the supposed deservedness of these killings), there was no official Nazi policy to murder Jews. Second, and perhaps most prominently, they contend that there were no homicidal gas chambers, particularly at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where mainstream historians believe over 1 million Jews were murdered, primarily in gas chambers. And third, Holocaust deniers contend that the death toll of European Jews during World War II was well below 6 million. Deniers float numbers anywhere between 300,000 and 1.5 million, as a general rule." Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition, The Holocaust History Project, July 2, 2004; retrieved December 18, 2006.
- "In part III we directly address the three major foundations upon which Holocaust denial rests, including... the claim that gas chambers and crematoria were used not for mass extermination but rather for delousing clothing and disposing of people who died of disease and overwork; ... the claim that the six million figure is an exaggeration by an order of magnitude—that about six hundred thousand, not six million, died at the hands of the Nazis; ... the claim that there was no intention on the part of the Nazis to exterminate European Jewry and that the Holocaust was nothing more than the unfortunate by-product of the vicissitudes of war." Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000; ISBN 0-520-23469-3, pg. 3.
- "Holocaust Denial: Claims that the mass extermination of the Jews by the Nazis never happened; that the number of Jewish losses has been greatly exaggerated; that the Holocaust was not systematic nor a result of an official policy; or simply that the Holocaust never took place." What is Holocaust Denial, Yad Vashem website, 2004; retrieved December 18, 2006.
- "Among the untruths routinely promoted are the claims that no gas chambers existed at Auschwitz, that only 600,000 Jews were killed rather than six million, and that Hitler had no murderous intentions toward Jews or other groups persecuted by his government." Holocaust Denial, Anti-Defamation League, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
- ↑ "The kinds of assertions made in Holocaust-denial material include the following:
- Several hundred thousand rather than approximately six million Jews died during the war.
- Scientific evidence proves that gas chambers could not have been used to kill large numbers of people.
- The Nazi command had a policy of deporting Jews, not exterminating them.
- Some deliberate killings of Jews did occur, but were carried out by the peoples of Eastern Europe rather than the Nazis.
- Jews died in camps of various kinds, but did so as the result of hunger and disease. The Holocaust is a myth created by the Allies for propaganda purposes, and subsequently nurtured by the Jews for their own ends.
- Errors and inconsistencies in survivors' testimonies point to their essential unreliability.
- Alleged documentary evidence of the Holocaust, from photographs of concentration camp victims to Anne Frank’s diary, is fabricated.
- The confessions of former Nazis to war crimes were extracted through torture." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial?, JPR report No. 3, 2000; retrieved December 18, 2006.
- ↑ Refer to themselves as revisionists:
- "The deniers' selection of the name revisionist to describe themselves is indicative of their basic strategy of deceit and distortion and of their attempt to portray themselves as legitimate historians engaged in the traditional practice of illuminating the past." Deborah Lipstadt. Denying the Holocaust—The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Penguin, 1993; ISBN 0-452-27274-2, pg. 25.
- "Dressing themselves in pseudo-academic garb, they have adopted the term "revisionism" in order to mask and legitimate their enterprise." Introduction: Denial as Anti-Semitism, "Holocaust Denial: An Online Guide to Exposing and Combating Anti-Semitic Propaganda", Anti-Defamation League, 2001; retrieved June 12, 2007.
- "Holocaust deniers often refer to themselves as ‘revisionists’, in an attempt to claim legitimacy for their activities. There are, of course, a great many scholars engaged in historical debates about the Holocaust whose work should not be confused with the output of the Holocaust deniers. Debate continues about such subjects as, for example, the extent and nature of ordinary Germans’ involvement in and knowledge of the policy of genocide, and the timing of orders given for the extermination of the Jews. However, the valid endeavour of historical revisionism, which involves the re-interpretation of historical knowledge in the light of newly emerging evidence, is a very different task from that of claiming that the essential facts of the Holocaust, and the evidence for those facts, are fabrications." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial?, JPR report No. 3, 2000. Retrieved May 16, 2007.
- ↑ Denial vs. "revisionism":
- "This is the phenomenon of what has come to be known as 'revisionism', 'negationism', or 'Holocaust denial', whose main characteristic is either an outright rejection of the very veracity of the Nazi genocide of the Jews, or at least a concerted attempt to minimize both its scale and importance... It is just as crucial, however, to distinguish between the wholly objectionable politics of denial and the fully legitimate scholarly revision of previously accepted conventional interpretations of any historical event, including the Holocaust." Bartov, Omer. The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation and Aftermath, Routledge, pp. 11–12. Bartov is John P. Birkelund Distinguished Professor of European History at the Watson Institute, and is regarded as one of the world's leading authorities on genocide ("Omer Bartov", The Watson Institute for International Studies).
- "The two leading critical exposés of Holocaust denial in the United States were written by historians Deborah Lipstadt (1993) and Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman (2000). These scholars make a distinction between historical revisionism and denial. Revisionism, in their view, entails a refinement of existing knowledge about an historical event, not a denial of the event itself, that comes through the examination of new empirical evidence or a reexamination or reinterpretation of existing evidence. Legitimate historical revisionism acknowledges a "certain body of irrefutable evidence" or a "convergence of evidence" that suggest that an event_like the black plague, American slavery, or the Holocaust—did in fact occur (Lipstadt 1993:21; Shermer & Grobman 200:34). Denial, on the other hand, rejects the entire foundation of historical evidence..." Ronald J. Berger. Fathoming the Holocaust: A Social Problems Approach, Aldine Transaction, 2002; ISBN 0-202-30670-4, pg. 154.
- "At this time, in the mid-1970s, the specter of Holocaust Denial (masked as "revisionism") had begun to raise its head in Australia..." Bartrop, Paul R. "A Little More Understanding: The Experience of a Holocaust Educator in Australia" in Samuel Totten, Steven Leonard Jacobs, Paul R Bartrop. Teaching about the Holocaust, Praeger/Greenwood, 2004, pg. xix; ISBN 0-275-98232-7
- "Pierre Vidal-Naquet urges that denial of the Holocaust should not be called 'revisionism' because 'to deny history is not to revise it'. Les Assassins de la Memoire. Un Eichmann de papier et autres essays sur le revisionisme (The Assassins of Memory—A Paper-Eichmann and Other Essays on Revisionism) 15 (1987)." Cited in Roth, Stephen J. "Denial of the Holocaust as an Issue of Law" in the Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Volume 23, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993; ISBN 0-7923-2581-8, pg. 215.
- "This essay describes, from a methodological perspective, some of the inherent flaws in the "revisionist" approach to the history of the Holocaust. It is not intended as a polemic, nor does it attempt to ascribe motives. Rather, it seeks to explain the fundamental error in the "revisionist" approach, as well as why that approach of necessity leaves no other choice. It concludes that "revisionism" is a misnomer because the facts do not accord with the position it puts forward and, more importantly, its methodology reverses the appropriate approach to historical investigation... "Revisionism" is obliged to deviate from the standard methodology of historical pursuit, because it seeks to mold facts to fit a preconceived result; it denies events that have been objectively and empirically proved to have occurred; and because it works backward from the conclusion to the facts, thus necessitating the distortion and manipulation of those facts where they differ from the preordained conclusion (which they almost always do). In short, "revisionism" denies something that demonstrably happened, through methodological dishonesty." McFee, Gordon. "Why 'Revisionism' Isn't", The Holocaust History Project, May 15, 1999; retrieved December 22, 2006.
- "Crucial to understanding and combating Holocaust denial is a clear distinction between denial and revisionism. One of the more insidious and dangerous aspects of contemporary Holocaust denial, a la Arthur Butz, Bradley Smith and Greg Raven, is the fact that they attempt to present their work as reputable scholarship under the guise of 'historical revisionism'. The term 'revisionist' permeates their publications as descriptive of their motives, orientation and methodology. In fact, Holocaust denial is in no sense 'revisionism', it is denial... Contemporary Holocaust deniers are not revisionists — not even neo-revisionists. They are Deniers. Their motivations stem from their neo-nazi political goals and their rampant antisemitism." Austin, Ben S. "Deniers in Revisionists Clothing", The Holocaust\Shoah Page, Middle Tennessee State University; retrieved March 29, 2007.
- "Holocaust denial can be a particularly insidious form of antisemitism precisely because it often tries to disguise itself as something quite different: as genuine scholarly debate (in the pages, for example, of the innocuous-sounding Journal for Historical Review). Holocaust deniers often refer to themselves as ‘revisionists’, in an attempt to claim legitimacy for their activities. There are, of course, a great many scholars engaged in historical debates about the Holocaust whose work should not be confused with the output of the Holocaust deniers. Debate continues about such subjects as, for example, the extent and nature of ordinary Germans’ involvement in and knowledge of the policy of genocide, and the timing of orders given for the extermination of the Jews. However, the valid endeavour of historical revisionism, which involves the re-interpretation of historical knowledge in the light of newly emerging evidence, is a very different task from that of claiming that the essential facts of the Holocaust, and the evidence for those facts, are fabrications." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial?, JPR report No. 3, 2000; retrieved May 16, 2007.
- "The deniers' selection of the name revisionist to describe themselves is indicative of their basic strategy of deceit and distortion and of their attempt to portray themselves as legitimate historians engaged in the traditional practice of illuminating the past. For historians, in fact, the name revisionism has a resonance that is perfectly legitimate – it recalls the controversial historical school known as World War I "revisionists," who argued that the Germans were unjustly held responsible for the war and that consequently the Versailles treaty was a politically misguided document based on a false premise. Thus the deniers link themselves to a specific historiographic tradition of reevaluating the past. Claiming the mantle of the World War I revisionists and denying they have any objective other than the dissemination of the truth constitute a tactical attempt to acquire an intellectual credibility that would otherwise elude them." Deborah Lipstadt. Denying the Holocaust – The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, Penguin, 1993; ISBN 0-452-27274-2, pg. 25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Active Holocaust Denial Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- ↑ Intelligence Report: a project of the Southern Poverty Law Center, Issues 133–136; Southern Poverty Law Center, Klanwatch Project, Southern Poverty Law Center. Militia Task Force, Publisher Klanwatch, 2009.
- ↑ Messner, Beth A., Art Jipson, Paul J. Becker and Bryan Byers. 2007."The Hardest Hate: A Sociological Analysis of Country Hate Music: From Rebel Records to Prussian Blue: A History of White Racialist Music in the United States". Popular Music and Society. 30(4):513–31.
- 1 2 Pulera, Dominic J.,Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America, pp. 309–11.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Active Racist Music Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- 1 2 3 "Radical Traditional Catholicism", [[Intelligence Files,] Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Active Radical Traditional Catholicism Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ↑ "Anti-Muslim | Southern Poverty Law Center". Splcenter.org. 2001-09-11. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 "Active Anti-Muslim Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 "Active Hate Groups in the United States in 2014 - General Hate". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
External links
- Southern Poverty Law Center website
- Southern Poverty Law Center, Intelligence Files
- Southern Poverty Law Center, "U.S. Hate Groups Top 1,000"
- Southern Poverty Law Center, "Hate Map"
- "Hate Groups Grow as Racial Tipping Point Changes Demographics", abcnews.go.com; accessed March 30, 2016.
- "Hate groups associated with Wal-Mart stores: study", rawstory.com, April 11, 2012.
- "Hate Groups In The U.S.: Will The Changing Face Of The Nation Spur Hate Group Participation?", huffingtonpost.com, May 19, 2012.
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