List of missions to Venus

This is a list of space missions to the planet Venus. Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus.

List

As of 2013, the Soviet Union, United States, European Space Agency and Japan have conducted missions to Venus.

Spacecraft Launch date[1] Operator Mission Outcome Remarks Carrier rocket[2]
Tyazhely Sputnik
(1VA No.1) 		4 February 1961 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Impactor[3] 0Launch failure Power transformer failure, upper stage failed to ignite, never left LEO[3] Molniya
Venera 1
(1VA No.2)		 12 February 1961 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Impactor[3] 1Spacecraft failure Communications failure. Flyby on 19 May 1961 at less than 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi); no data returned Molniya
Mariner 1
(P-37) 		22 July 1962 NASA
United States		 Flyby 0Launch failure Failed to orbit; destroyed by range safety following guidance failure[4] Atlas-Agena BAtlas-LV3 Agena-B
2MV-1 No.1 25 August 1962 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Lander 0Launch failure Premature upper stage cutoff due to ullage motor malfunction; never left LEO[4] Molniya
Mariner 2
(P-38)		 27 August 1962 NASA
United States		 Flyby 4Successful Flyby on 14 December 1962 Atlas-Agena BAtlas-LV3 Agena-B
2MV-1 No.2 1 September 1962 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Lander 0Launch failure Upper stage fuel valve failed to open, resulting in failure to ignite; never left LEO[4] Molniya
2MV-2 No.1 12 September 1962 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby 0Launch failure Anomalous third stage cutoff resulted in air bubbles forming in fourth stage fuel; fourth stage shut down less than a second after ignition; failed to leave LEO[4] Molniya
3MV-1 No.2 19 February 1964 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby 0Launch failure Third stage oxidiser leak caused propellant to freeze in feed lines, which subsequently cracked; failed to orbit[5] Molniya-M
Kosmos 27
(3MV-1 No.3)		 27 March 1964 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby/Lander 0Launch failure Upper stage attitude control failure, never left LEO[5] Molniya-M
Zond 1
(3MV-1 No.4)		 2 April 1964 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby/Lander 1Spacecraft failure Electronics shorted out, communications lost before flyby.[5] Flew past Venus on 14 July 1964. Molniya-M
Venera 2
(3MV-4 No.4)		 12 November 1965 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC. Communications lost after flyby, before any data could be returned.[6] Molniya-M
Venera 3
(3MV-3 No.1)		 16 November 1965 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Lander 1Spacecraft failure Communications lost as soon as spacecraft entered atmosphere on 1 March 1966, no data returned. Molniya-M
Kosmos 96
(3MV-4 No.6)		 23 November 1965 OKB-1
Soviet Union		 Flyby 0Launch failure Third stage combustion chamber exploded, resulting in loss of control, upper stage failed to ignite; Never left LEO[6] Molniya-M
Venera 4
(4V-1 No.310)		 12 June 1967 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 2Partial failure Returned atmospheric data during entry on 18 October 1967 but failed to reach surface intact[7] Molniya-M
Mariner 5 14 June 1967 NASA
United States		 Flyby 4Successful Flyby on 19 October 1967, closest approach at 17:34:56 UTC[7] Atlas-Agena DAtlas SLV-3 Agena-D
Kosmos 167
(4V-1 No.311)		 17 June 1967 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 0Launch failure Upper stage failed to ignite; turbopump cooling malfunction. Never left LEO[7] Molniya-M
Venera 5
(4V-1 No.330)		 5 January 1969 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Atmospheric 4Successful Entered atmosphere on 16 May 1969, operated for 53 minutes Molniya-M
Venera 6
(4V-1 No.331)		 10 January 1969 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Atmospheric 4Successful Entered atmosphere on 17 May 1969, operated for 51 minutes Molniya-M
Venera 7
(4V-1 No.630)		 17 August 1970 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 2Partial failure Landed at 05:37:10 UTC on 15 December 1970, rolled upon landing and returned severely limited data Molniya-M
Kosmos 359
(4V-1 No.631)		 22 August 1970 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 0Launch failure Never left LEO Molniya-M
Venera 8
(4V-1 No.670)		 27 March 1972 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 4Successful Landed at 09:32 UTC on 22 July 1972 Molniya-M
Kosmos 482
(4V-1 No.671)		 31 March 1972 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander 0Launch failure Never left LEO Molniya-M
Mariner 10 3 November 1973 NASA
United States		 Flyby 4Successful Flyby on 4 February 1974; closest approach at 17:01 UTC; observed Venus and performed gravity assist to reach Mercury Atlas-Centaur D1AAtlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A
Venera 9
(4V-1 No.660)		 8 June 1975 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/OOrbiter/Lander 4Successful Entered orbit on 20 October 1975; lander landed at 05:13 UTC on 22 October Proton-K/D
Venera 10
(4V-1 No.661)		 14 June 1975 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/OOrbiter/Lander 4Successful Entered orbit on 23 October 1975; lander landed at 05:17 UTC on 25 October Proton-K/D
Venera 11
(4V-1 No.360)		 9 September 1978 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FFlyby/Lander 3Mostly successful Flyby on 25 December; Lander landed at 03:24 UTC the same day. Multiple instrument failures on lander Proton-K/D-1
Venera 12
(4V-1 No.361)		 14 September 1978 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FFlyby/Lander 3Mostly successful Lander landed at 03:20 UTC on 21 December 1975. Both cameras on lander failed Proton-K/D-1
Pioneer Venus 1
(PV Orbiter)		 20 May 1978 NASA
United States		 Orbiter 4Successful Entered orbit on 4 December 1978, decayed on 22 October 1992 Atlas-Centaur D1ARAtlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR
Pioneer Venus 2
(PV Multiprobe)		 8 August 1978 NASA
United States		 Atmospheric 4Successful Entered the atmosphere on 4 December 1978; consisted of five spacecraft, one of which briefly continued transmitting after reaching the surface Atlas-Centaur D1ARAtlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR
Venera 13
(4V-1M No.760)		 30 October 1981 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FFlyby/Lander 4Successful Lander landed at 03:20 UTC on 1 March 1982. Proton-K/D-1
Venera 14
(4V-1M No.761)		 4 November 1981 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FFlyby/Lander 4Successful Lander landed on 5 March 1982. Proton-K/D-1
Venera 15
(4V-2 No.860)		 2 June 1983 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Orbiter 4Successful Entered orbit 10 October 1983, operated until July 1984 Proton-K/D-1
Venera 16
(4V-2 No.861)		 7 June 1983 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Orbiter 4Successful Entered orbit 11 October 1983, operated until July 1984 Proton-K/D-1
Vega 1
(5VK No.901)		 15 December 1984 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FAFlyby/Atmospheric/Lander 3Mostly successful Landed 11 June 1985. Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days. Main bus continued to explore comet 1P/Halley Proton-K/D-1
Vega 2
(5VK No.902)		 21 December 1984 Lavochkin
Soviet Union		 Lander/FAFlyby/Atmospheric/Lander 4Successful Landed 15 June 1985. Atmospheric probe deployed during entry operated for two days. Main bus continued to explore comet 1P/Halley Proton-K/D-1
Magellan 4 May 1989 NASA
United States		 Orbiter 4Successful Entered orbit 10 October 1990, deorbited 13 October 1994 Space Shuttle Atlantis
STS-30 / IUS
Galileo 18 October 1989 NASA
United States		 Gravity assist N/A Flyby on 10 February 1990 en route to Jupiter Space Shuttle Atlantis
STS-34 / IUS
Cassini 15 October 1997 NASA
United States		 Gravity assist N/A Flybys on 26 April 1998 and 24 June 1999 en route to Saturn Titan IV(401)B
MESSENGER 3 August 2004 NASA
United States		 Gravity assist N/A Flybys on 24 October 2006 and 5 June 2007 en route to Mercury Delta II 7925H
Venus Express 9 November 2005 ESA
Europe		 Orbiter 5Successful Entered orbit 11 April 2006. Full communications lost on the 28th of November 2014 [8] Soyuz-FG/Fregat
Akatsuki 20 May 2010 JAXA
Japan		 Orbiter 5Successful on second attempt Flew past Venus on 6 December 2010 after failing to enter orbit. Insertion was successfully reattempted on 7 December 2015. H-IIA 202
IKAROS 20 May 2010 JAXA
Japan		 Flyby 4Successful Experimental solar sail. Flew past Venus on 8 December 2010 H-IIA 202
Shin'en 20 May 2010 UNISEC
Japan		 Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Communications never established after launch. Flew past Venus in December 2010 H-IIA 202

References

  1. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  2. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Interplanetary Probes". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1961". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000 (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 29–32.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1962". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000 (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 34–37.
  5. 1 2 3 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1964". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000 (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 41–45.
  6. 1 2 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1965". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000 (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 47–52.
  7. 1 2 3 Siddiqi, Asif A. (2002). "1967". Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000 (PDF). Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History Office. pp. 61–68.
  8. ↑ http://sci.esa.int/venus-express/55141-venus-express-goes-gently-into-the-night/
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