List of jurisdictions subject to the special provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965

The following jurisdictions in the United States are or have been subject to the special provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Jurisdictions encompassed by the coverage formula contained in Section 4(b) are called "covered jurisdictions"; covered jurisdictions are subject to preclearance under Section 5. Covered jurisdictions may "bail out" of coverage, while non-covered jurisdictions may be "bailed in" to coverage. The Act's bilingual assistance provision is independent of the other special provisions, and jurisdictions encompassed by this provision are listed separately.

Jurisdictions encompassed by coverage formula

The coverage formula, contained in Section 4(b) of the Act, determines which states are subject to preclearance. In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the coverage formula as unconstitutional, meaning that no jurisdiction is currently subject to preclearance under the coverage formula. All counties and municipalities within a covered state are covered unless they have bailed out; counties and municipalities covered by virtue of being within a covered state are not included in this list. The following jurisdictions were encompassed by the coverage formula before the Supreme Court announced its decision.[1][2]

1965

The following jurisdictions were brought into coverage under the original coverage formula contained within the unrevised Voting Rights Act of 1965:

1970

The following additional jurisdictions became subject to preclearance after the coverage formula was amended in 1970:

1975

The following additional jurisdictions became subject to preclearance after the coverage formula was amended in 1975:

Jurisdictions bailed out of coverage

Covered jurisdictions may have their coverage terminated by succeeding in a "bail out" action in court. Effective August 5, 1984, the bail out provision was liberalized, allowing more jurisdictions to bail out of coverage. The following jurisdictions have bailed out of coverage:[3][4]

Before August 1984

After August 1984

Jurisdictions bailed into coverage

Courts may "bail in" non-covered jurisdictions and require them to submit some or all of their voting changes for preclearance. The preclearance requirements for these "bailed in" jurisdictions were unaffected by the Supreme Court's ruling in Shelby County v. Holder. The following jurisdictions have been bailed into coverage under Section 3(c) of the Voting Rights Act:[4][53]

Jurisdictions encompassed by the Section 203 bilingual elections requirement

The following jurisdictions are subject to the Section 203 bilingual elections requirement:

References

This article incorporates text from a work in the public domain: [4]

  1. ↑ "Section 5 Covered Jurisdictions". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  2. ↑ 28 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 51 Appendix
  3. ↑ "Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act: Jurisdictions Currently Bailed Out". U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 "Brief for the Federal Respondent, Shelby County v. Holder, 2013 United States Supreme Court Briefs No. 12-96" (PDF). Appendices A & B: U.S. Department of Justice. pp. 99–108. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  5. ↑ Wake Cnty. v. United States, No. 1198-66 (D.D.C. Jan. 23, 1967)
  6. ↑ New Mexico v. United States, No. 76-0067 (D.D.C. July 30, 1976)
  7. ↑ Maine v. United States, No. 75-2125 (D.D.C. Sept. 17, 1976)
  8. ↑ Choctaw and McCurtain Cntys. v. United States, No. 76-1250 (D.D.C. May 12, 1978)
  9. ↑ Campbell Cnty. v. United States, No. 82-1862 (D.D.C. Dec. 17, 1982)
  10. ↑ Massachusetts v. United States, No. 83-0945 (D.D.C. Sept. 29, 1983)
  11. ↑ Connecticut v. United States, No. 83-3103 (D.D.C. June 21, 1984)
  12. ↑ Board of Cnty. Comm'rs v. United States, No. 84-1626 (D. [101] D.C. July 30, 1984)
  13. ↑ Waihee v. United, States, No. 84-1694 (D.D.C. July 31, 1984)
  14. ↑ Idaho v. United States, No. 82-1778 (D.D.C. July 31, 1984)
  15. ↑ City of Fairfax v. Reno, No. 97-2212 (D.D.C. Oct. 21, 1997)
  16. ↑ Frederick Cnty. v. Reno, No. 99-941 (D.D.C. Sept. 10, 1999)
  17. ↑ Shenandoah Cnty. v. Reno, No. 99-992 (D.D.C. Oct. 15, 1999)
  18. ↑ Roanoke Cnty. v. Reno, No. 00-1949 (D.D.C. Jan. 24, 2001)
  19. ↑ City of Winchester v. Reno, No. 00-3073 (D.D.C. June 1, 2001)
  20. ↑ City of Harrisonburg v. Reno, No. 02-289 (D.D.C. Apr. 17, 2002)
  21. ↑ Rockingham Cnty. v. Reno, No. 02-391 (D.D.C. May 24, 2002)
  22. ↑ Warren Cnty. v. Ashcroft, No. 02-1736 (D.D.C. Nov. 26, 2002)
  23. ↑ Greene Cnty. v. Ashcroft, No. 03-1877 (D.D.C. Jan. 19, 2004)
  24. ↑ Pulaski Cnty. v. Gonzales, No. 05-1265 (D.D.C. Sept. 27, 2005)
  25. ↑ Augusta Cnty. v. Gonzales, No. 05-1885 (D.D.C. Nov. 30, 2005)
  26. ↑ City of Salem v. Gonzales, No. 06-977 (D.D.C. July 27, 2006)
  27. ↑ Botetourt Cnty. v. Gonzales, No. 06-1052 (D.D.C. Aug. 28, 2006)
  28. ↑ Essex Cnty. v. Gonzales, No. 06-1631 (D.D.C. Jan. 31, 2007)
  29. ↑ Middlesex Cnty. v. Gonzales, No. 07-1485 (D.D.C. Jan. 7, 2008)
  30. ↑ Amherst Cnty. v. Mukasey, No. 08-780 (D.D.C. Aug. 13, 2008)
  31. ↑ Page Cnty. v. Mukasey, No. 08-1113 (D.D.C. Sept. 15, 2008)
  32. ↑ Washington Cnty. v. Mukasey, No. 08-1112 (D.D.C. Sept. 23, 2008)
  33. ↑ Northwest Austin Mun. Util. Dist No. One v. Mukasey, No. 06-1384 (D.D.C. Nov. 3, 2009)
  34. ↑ City of Kings Mountain v. Holder, 746 F. Supp. 2d 46 (D.D.C. Oct. 22, 2010)
  35. ↑ City of Sandy Springs v. Holder, No. 10-1502 (D.D.C. Oct. 26, 2010)
  36. ↑ Jefferson Cnty. Drainage Dist No. Seven v. Holder, No. 11-461 (D.D.C. June 6, 2011)
  37. ↑ Alta Irrigation Dist. v. Holder, No. 11-758 (D.D.C. July 15, 2011)
  38. ↑ City of Manassas Park v. Holder, C.A. No. 11-749 (D.D.C. Aug. 3, 2011)
  39. ↑ Rappahannock Cnty. v. Holder, C.A. No. 11-1123 (D.D.C. Aug. 9, 2011)
  40. ↑ Bedford Cnty. v. Holder, No. 11-499 (D.D.C. Aug. 30, 2011)
  41. ↑ City of Bedford v. Holder, No. 11-473 (D.D.C. Aug. 31, 2011)
  42. ↑ Culpeper Cnty. v. Holder, No. 11-1477 (D.D.C. Oct. 3, 2011)
  43. ↑ James City Cnty. v. Holder, No. 11-1425 (D.D.C. Nov. 9, 2011)
  44. ↑ City of Williamsburg v. Holder, No. 11-1415 (D.D.C. Nov. 28, 2011)
  45. ↑ King George Cnty. v. Holder, No. 11-2164 (D.D.C. April 5, 2012)
  46. ↑ Prince William Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-14 (D.D.C. April 10, 2012)
  47. ↑ City of Pinson v. Holder, No. 12-255 (D.D.C. April 20, 2012)
  48. ↑ Wythe Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-719 (D.D.C. June 18, 2012)
  49. ↑ Grayson Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-718 (D.D.C, July 20, 2012)
  50. ↑ Merced Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-354 (D.D.C. Aug. 31, 2012)
  51. ↑ Craig Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-1179 (D.D.C. Nov. 29, 2012)
  52. ↑ Carroll Cnty. v. Holder, No. 12-1166 (D.D.C. Nov. 30, 2012)
  53. ↑ Crum, Travis (2010). "The Voting Rights Act's Secret Weapon: Pocket Trigger Litigation and Dynamic Preclearance". The Yale Law Journal. 119. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  54. ↑ United States v. Thurston Cnty., C.A. No. 78-0-380 (D. Neb. May 9, 1979)
  55. ↑ McMillan v. Escambia Cnty., C.A. No. 77-0432 (N.D. Fla. Dec. 3, 1979)
  56. ↑ Woodring v. Clarke, C.A. No. 80-4569 (S.D. Ill. Oct. 31, 1983)
  57. ↑ N.A.A.C.P. v. Gadsden City Sch. Bd., 589 F. Supp. 953 (N.D. Fla. Mar. 6, 1984)
  58. ↑ Sanchez v. Anaya, C.A. No. 82-0067M (D.N.M. Dec. 17, 1984)
  59. ↑ United States v. McKinley Cnty., No. 86-0029-C (D.N.M. Jan. 13, 1986)
  60. ↑ United States v. Sandoval Cnty., C.A. No. 88-1457-SC (D.N.M. May 17, 1990)
  61. ↑ Brown v. Board of Comm'rs of City of Chattanooga, No. CIV-1-87-388 (E.D. Tenn. Jan. 18, 1990)
  62. ↑ Cuthair v. Montezuma-Cortez Sch. Dist. No. RE-1, No. 89-C-964 (D. Col. Apr. 8, 1990
  63. ↑ Jeffers v. Clinton, 740 F. Supp. 585 (E.D. Ark. May 16, 1990), appeal dismissed, 498 U.S. 1129 (1991)
  64. ↑ Garza & United States v. Los Angeles Cnty., C.A. Nos. CV 88-5143 KN (Ex) and CV 88-5435 KN (Ex) (CD. Cal. Apr. 26, 1991)
  65. ↑ United States v. Cibola Cnty., C.A. No. 93-1134-LH/LFG (D.N.M. Apr. 21, 1994)
  66. ↑ United States v. Socorro Cnty., C.A. No. 93-1244-JP (D.N.M. Apr. 11, 1994)
  67. ↑ United States v. Alameda Cnty., C.A. No. C 95-1266 (SAW) (N.D. Cal. Jan. 22, 1996)
  68. ↑ United States v. Bernalillo Cnty., C.A. No. 93-156-BB/LCS (D.N.M. Apr. 22, 1998)
  69. ↑ Kirke v. Buffalo Cnty., C.A. No. 03-CV-3011 (D.S.D. Feb. 10, 2004)
  70. ↑ Blackmoon v. Charles Mix Cnty., C.A. No. 05-CV-4017 (D.S.D. Dec. 4, 2007)
  71. ↑ United States v. Village of Port Chester, C.A. No. 06-CV-15173 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 22, 2006)
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