List of heads of state or government who have been in exile

In some cases the deposed head of state or Head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice. Examples include:[1]

Name Title Home country Exile period Exiled country or countries
Napoleon Emperor of France  France 1815-1821  Saint Helena
Bahadur Shah II Mughal Emperor Mughal Empire 1857-1862 Burma
Khalid bin Barghash Sultan of Zanzibar Sultanate of Zanzibar Zanzibar 1896-1927 1)  German East Africa
2)  Seychelles
3)  Saint Helena
4)  British East Africa
Cipriano Castro President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1909-1924†  United States
José Santos Zelaya President of Nicaragua  Nicaragua 1909-1919†  Spain
 United States
Porfirio Díaz President of Mexico  Mexico 1911-1915†  Spain
 France
Victoriano Huerta President of Mexico  Mexico 1914-1916†  United Kingdom
 Spain
 United States
Wilhelm II Emperor of Germany  German Empire 1918-1941†  Netherlands
Arturo Alessandri[2] President of Chile  Chile 1924-1925  Italy
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo President of Chile  Chile 1931-1937  Argentina
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora Prime Minister of Spain  Spain 1936-1949† 1)  France (1936-1942)
2)  Argentina (1942-1949)
Alfonso XIII of Spain King of Spain  Spain 1931-1941†  Italy
Plutarco Elías Calles President of Mexico  Mexico 1936-1941  United States
Juan Bautista Sacasa President of Nicaragua  Nicaragua 1936-1946†  United States
Farouk of Egypt King of Egypt  Egypt 1936-1952  Italy
 Monaco
Edvard Beneš President of Czechoslovakia  Czechoslovakia 1938-1945  United Kingdom
Manuel Azaña Prime Minister of Spain  Spain 1939-1940†  France
Zog I of Albania King of Albania  Albania 1941-1961 1)  United Kingdom
2)  France
Rezā Shāh Shah of Iran  Iran 1941-1944 1)  Mauritius
2)  South Africa
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez President of El Salvador  El Salvador 1944-1966†  Honduras
Isaías Medina Angarita President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1945-1953†  United States
Miklós Horthy Regent of Hungary  Hungary 1945-1957† 1)  France (1945-1949)
2)  Portugal (1949-1957)
Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha King of Bulgaria  Bulgaria 1946-1996 1)  Egypt
2)  Spain
Leonardo Argüello Barreto President of Nicaragua  Nicaragua 1947  Mexico
Rómulo Betancourt President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1948-1958  United States
 Cuba
 Costa Rica
Rómulo Gallegos President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1948-1958  Cuba
 Mexico
José Bustamante y Rivero President of Peru  Peru 1948-1955  Argentina
Michael I of Romania King of Romania  Romania 1948-1997 1)  United Kingdom
2)   Switzerland
Laureano Gómez President of Colombia  Colombia 1953-1959  Spain
Jacobo Árbenz President of Guatemala  Guatemala 1954-1971† 1)  France
2)  Czechoslovakia
3)  Soviet Union
4)  Uruguay (1957-1960)
5)  Cuba (1960-1965)
6)  Mexico (1965-1971)
Juan Perón President of Argentina  Argentina 1955-1973 1)  Venezuela (1955-1958)
2)  Spain (1958-1973)
Bảo Đại Emperor of Vietnam South Vietnam Vietnam 1955-1997†  France
 Monaco
Paul Magloire President of Haiti  Haiti 1956-1986  United States
Imre Nagy Prime Minister of Hungary  Hungary 1956  Yugoslavia (embassy)
Iskander Mirza President of Pakistan  Pakistan 1958-1969†  United Kingdom
Marcos Pérez Jiménez President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1958-1963  United States
Tenzin Gyatso 14th Dalai Lama  Tibet 1959-present  India
Fulgencio Batista President of Cuba  Cuba 1959-1973†  Portugal
 Spain
Syngman Rhee President of South Korea  South Korea 1960-1965†  United States
Joaquín Balaguer President of the Dominican Republic  Dominican Republic 1962-1966  United States
Manuel Prado Ugarteche President of Peru  Peru 1962-1967†  France
Juan Bosch President of the Dominican Republic  Dominican Republic 1963-1966  Puerto Rico
Jamshid bin Abdullah Sultan of Zanzibar Sultanate of Zanzibar Zanzibar 1963-present  United Kingdom
Víctor Paz Estenssoro President of Bolivia  Bolivia 1964-1978  Peru
Saud of Saudi Arabia King of Saudi Arabia  Saudi Arabia 1964-1969 1)   Switzerland
2)  Egypt
3)  Greece
João Goulart President of Brazil  Brazil 1964-1976† 1)  Uruguay (1964-1973)
2)  Argentina (1973-1976)
Mutesa II of Buganda President of Uganda  Uganda 1966-1969†  United Kingdom
Kwame Nkrumah President of Ghana  Ghana 1966-1972† 1)  Guinea (1966-1971)
2)  Romania (1971-1972)
Fernando Belaúnde Terry President of Peru  Peru 1968-1980  United States
Marcos Pérez Jiménez President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1968-2001†  Spain (1968-2001)
Norodom Sihanouk Prime Minister of Cambodia  Cambodia 1970-1993  China
 North Korea
Muhammad al-Badr King of Yemen Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Yemen 1970-1996†  United Kingdom
Said bin Taimur Sultan of Oman  Oman 1970-1972†  United Kingdom
Milton Obote President of Uganda  Uganda 1971-1979  Tanzania (1971-1979)
Mohammed Zahir Shah King of Afghanistan  Afghanistan 1973-2002  Italy
Cheng Heng President of the Khmer Republic  Cambodia 1975-1992  United States
Lon Nol President of the Khmer Republic  Cambodia 1975-1985†  United States
Michel Micombero President of Burundi  Burundi 1976-1983†  Somalia
James Mancham President of the Seychelles  Seychelles 1977-1991  United Kingdom
Ange-Félix Patassé Prime Minister of the Central African Empire  Central African Republic 1978-1979  France
Idi Amin President of Uganda  Uganda 1979-2003† 1)  Libya (1979-1980)
2)  Saudi Arabia (1980-2003
Jean-Bédel Bokassa Emperor of Central Africa  Central African Republic 1979-1986 1)  Ivory Coast (1979-1983)
2)  France (1983-1986)
Fred Degazon President of Dominica  Dominica 1979-present  United Kingdom
Jafar Sharif-Emami Prime Minister of Iran  Iran 1978 -1998†  United States
Gholam Reza Azhari Prime Minister of Iran  Iran 1978 -2001†  United States
Ali Amini Prime Minister of Iran  Iran 1979-1992†  France
Shapour Bakhtiar Prime Minister of Iran  Iran 1979-1991†  France
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Shah of Iran  Iran 1979-1980† 1)  Egypt
2)  Morocco
3)  Bahamas
4)  Mexico
5)  United States
6)  Panama
7)  Egypt
Félix Malloum President of Chad  Chad 1979-2002  Nigeria
Anastasio Somoza Debayle President of Nicaragua  Nicaragua 1979-1980†  Paraguay
Ange-Félix Patassé Prime Minister of the Central African Republic  Central African Republic 1980-1981  France
Víctor Paz Estenssoro President of Bolivia  Bolivia 1980-1982  Peru
Ahmed Ben Bella President of Algeria  Algeria 1980-1990   Switzerland
Luís Cabral President of Guinea-Bissau  Guinea-Bissau 1980-2009† 1)  Cuba (1980-1984)
2)  Portugal (1984-2009)
Johan Ferrier President of Suriname  Suriname 1980-2010†  Netherlands
Isabel Martínez de Perón President of Argentina  Argentina 1981-present  Spain
Abolhassan Banisadr President of Iran  Iran 1981-present  France
Luis García Meza Tejada President of Bolivia  Bolivia 1981-1995  Brazil
Ange-Félix Patassé Prime Minister of the Central African Republic  Central African Republic 1982-1992  Togo
Gaafar Nimeiry President of Sudan  Sudan 1985-1999  Egypt
Milton Obote President of Uganda  Uganda 1985-2005†  Zambia
Jean-Claude Duvalier President of Haiti  Haiti 1986-2011  France
Ferdinand Marcos President of the Philippines  Philippines 1986-1989†  United States
Tito Okello President of Uganda  Uganda 1986-1993  Kenya
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza President of Burundi  Burundi 1987-1993  Libya
Ahmed al-Mirghani President of Sudan  Sudan 1989-2001  Egypt
Alfredo Stroessner President of Paraguay  Paraguay 1989-2006†  Brazil
Hissène Habré President of Chad  Chad 1990-present  Senegal
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah Emir of Kuwait  Kuwait 1990-1991  Saudi Arabia
Erich Honecker General Secretary  East Germany 1991-1994† 1)  Soviet Union (1989-1991)
2)  Russia (1991-1993)
3)  Chile (1992-1994)
Jean-Bertrand Aristide President of Haiti  Haiti 1991-1994  Venezuela
 United States
Siad Barre President of Somalia  Somalia 1991-1995† 1)  Kenya (1991)
2)  Nigeria (1991-1995)
Mengistu Haile Mariam President of Ethiopia  Ethiopia 1991-present  Zimbabwe
Alan García President of Peru  Peru 1992-2001  Colombia
 France
Ayaz Mutallibov President of Azerbaijan  Azerbaijan 1992-2012  Russia
Mohammad Najibullah President of Afghanistan  Afghanistan 1992-1996  United Nations (mission)
Joseph Saidu Momoh President of Sierra Leone  Sierra Leone 1992-1997  Guinea
Jorge Serrano Elías President of Guatemala  Guatemala 1993-present  Panama
Didier Ratsiraka President of Madagascar  Madagascar 1993-1996  France
Dawda Jawara President of the Gambia  Gambia 1994-2002  Senegal
 United Kingdom
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani Emir of Qatar  Qatar 1995-2004  France
Sylvestre Ntibantunganya President of Burundi  Burundi 1996-1997  United States (embassy)
Abdalá Bucaram President of Ecuador  Ecuador 1997-present  Panama
Pascal Lissouba President of the Republic of Congo  Republic of Congo 1997-present 1)  United Kingdom (1997-2004)
2)  France (2004-present)
Joachim Yhombi-Opango President of the Republic of Congo  Republic of Congo 1997-2007  Benin
 Ivory Coast
 France
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza President of Burundi  Burundi 1998-2002  Uganda
Nawaz Sharif Prime Minister of Pakistan  Pakistan 1999-2007 1)  Saudi Arabia
2)  United Kingdom
Joseph Saidu Momoh President of Sierra Leone  Sierra Leone 1999-2003  Guinea
Henri Konan Bédié President of Ivory Coast  Ivory Coast 1999-2001  Togo
Carlos Andrés Pérez President of Venezuela  Venezuela 1999-2010†  Dominican Republic
 United States
João Bernardo Vieira President of Guinea-Bissau  Guinea-Bissau 1999-2005  Portugal
Henri Konan Bédié President of Ivory Coast  Ivory Coast 2000-2001  France
Alberto Fujimori President of Peru  Peru 2000-2007 1)  Japan (2000-2005)
2)  Chile (2005-2007)
André Kolingba President of the Central African Republic  Central African Republic 2001-2010† 1)  Uganda (2001-2003)
2)  France (2003-2010)
Didier Ratsiraka President of Madagascar  Madagascar 2002-2011  France
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada President of Bolivia  Bolivia 2003-present  United States
Ange-Félix Patassé President of the Central African Republic  Central African Republic 2003-2009  Togo
Jean-Bertrand Aristide President of Haiti  Haiti 2004-2011 1)  Jamaica (2004)
2)  South Africa (2004-2011)
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya President of Mauritania  Mauritania 2005-present 1)  Gambia (2005)
2)  Qatar (2005-present)
Lucio Gutiérrez President of Ecuador  Ecuador 2005  Brazil
 Peru
 United States
Askar Akayev President of Kyrgyzstan  Kyrgyzstan 2005-present  Russia
Marc Ravalomanana President of Madagascar  Madagascar 2009-present 1)  Swaziland (2009)
2)  South Africa (2009-present)
Manuel Zelaya President of Honduras  Honduras 2009-2011 1)  Costa Rica (2009)
2)  Dominican Republic (2010-2011)
Kurmanbek Bakiyev President of Kyrgyzstan  Kyrgyzstan 2010-present  Belarus
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali President of Tunisia  Tunisia 2011-present  Saudi Arabia
Amadou Toumani Touré President of Mali  Mali 2012-present  Senegal
Norodom Sihanouk King of Cambodia  Cambodia 2004-2012  China
 North Korea
Viktor Yanukovych President of Ukraine  Ukraine 2014-present  Russia
Mobutu Sese Seko President of Zaire  Zaire 1997  Morocco
Kigeli V King of Rwanda  Rwanda 1959-1961 1)  Tanganyika
2)  Uganda
3)  Kenya
4)  United States
François Bozizé President of the Central African Republic  Central African Republic 2013-2015 1)  Cameroon
2)  Benin (requested)
Constantine II of Greece King of Greece  Greece 1967-2013 1)  Italy
2)  United Kingdom
Umberto II of Italy King of Italy  Italy 1946-1983† 1)  Portugal
2)   Switzerland
Dương Văn Minh President of South Vietnam  South Vietnam 1983-2001 1)  France
2)  United States
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu President of South Vietnam  South Vietnam 1975-2001 1)  United Kingdom
2)  United States
Ian Smith President of Rhodesia  Rhodesia 2005-2007 1)  South Africa
Bettino Craxi Prime Minister of Italy  Italy 1994-2000 1)  Tunisia
Tom Thabane Prime Minister of Lesotho  Lesotho 2014 1)  South Africa
Blaise Compaoré President of Burkina Faso  Burkina Faso 2014-present 1)  Ivory Coast
2)  Morocco
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi President of Yemen  Yemen 2015-present 1)  Saudi Arabia
Mikheil Saakashvili President of Georgia  Georgia 2014-present 1)  United States
2)  Ukraine

References

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