List of endangered languages in Europe
An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.
UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
- Vulnerable
- Definitely endangered
- Severely endangered
- Critically endangered
Albania
Main article: Languages of Albania
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aromanian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Serbia | rup |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Torlakian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, The Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia | bos, hrv, srp |
Armenia
Main article: Languages of Armenia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pontic Greek language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt |
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey | cld |
Austria
Main article: Languages of Austria
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae |
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic | bar |
| Burgenland Croatian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Slovakia | bos, hrv, srp |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Azerbaijan
Main article: Languages of Azerbaijan
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budukh language | Severely endangered[1] | bdk | |
| Juhuri language | Definitely endangered[1] | Caucasus. Also spoken in: Russia | jdt |
| Khinalug language | Severely endangered[1] | kjj | |
| Kryz language Kryts language | Severely endangered[1] | kry | |
| Lezgian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | lez |
| Rutul language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | rut |
| Talysh language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Iran | tly |
| Tat language | Severely endangered[1] | ttt | |
| Tsakhur language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | tkr |
| Udi language | Severely endangered[1] | (Azerbaijan) | udi |
Belarus
Main article: Languages of Belarus
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel |
| Polesian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Poland, Ukraine | |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Belgium
Main article: Languages of Belgium
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Champenois dialect | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | fra |
| Limburgish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands | lim |
| Lorrain language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | fra |
| Moselle Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, France, Luxembourg | ltz |
| Picard language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | pcd |
| Walloon language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France, Luxembourg | wln |
| West Flemish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: France, Netherlands | vls, zea |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Main article: Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
Bulgaria
Main article: Languages of Bulgaria
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aromanian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Serbia | rup |
| Crimean Tatar language | Severely endangered[1] | (Dobruja). Also spoken in: Russia, Romania, Ukraine | crh, jct |
| Balkan Gagauz Turkish language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in Turkey, Greece, F.Y.R. Macedonia | bgx |
| Gagauz language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan | gag |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Torlakian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, The Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia | bos, hrv, srp |
Croatia
Main article: Languages of Croatia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arbanasi language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Istriot language | Severely endangered[1] | ist | |
| Istro-Romanian language | Severely endangered[1] | ruo | |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Venetian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Italy, Slovenia | vec |
| Pannonian Rusyn language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Serbia | |
Cyprus
Main article: Languages of Cyprus
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cypriot Arabic language | Severely endangered[1] | acy | |
Czech Republic
Main article: Languages of Czech Republic
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland | bar |
| East Franconian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany | vmf |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine | ydd |
Denmark
Main article: Languages of Denmark
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Saxon language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep |
| Scanian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Sweden | swe |
| South Jutish | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany | jut |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Estonia
Main article: Languages of Estonia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Võro-Seto language South Estonian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | est |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Faroe Islands
Main article: Languages of the Faroe Islands
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Faroese language | Vulnerable[1] | fao | |
Finland
Main article: Languages of Finland
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inari Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | smn | |
| Karelian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | krl |
| North Saami language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Norway, Russia, Sweden | sme |
| Olonetsian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | olo |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Skolt Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Norway, Russia | sms |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
| Njukča | Definitely endangered[1] | sme | |
France
Main article: Languages of France
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae |
| Alpine Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy | oci |
| Auvergnat dialect | Severely endangered[1] | oci | |
| Basque language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Spain | eus |
| Breton language | Severely endangered[1] | bre | |
| Burgundian language | Severely endangered[1] | fra | |
| Champenois dialect | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium | fra |
| Corsican language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy | cos |
| Franc-Comtois language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Switzerland | fra |
| Francoprovençal language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy, Switzerland | frp |
| Gallo language | Severely endangered[1] | fra | |
| Gascon language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Spain | oci |
| Languedocian dialect | Severely endangered[1] | oci | |
| Ligurian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy, Monaco | lij |
| Limousin language | Severely endangered[1] | oci | |
| Lorrain language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium | fra |
| Moselle Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg | ltz |
| Norman language | Severely endangered[1] | nrn | |
| Picard language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium | pcd |
| Poitevin-Saintongeais language | Severely endangered[1] | fra | |
| Provençal language | Severely endangered[1] | oci | |
| Rhenish Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany | pfl |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Walloon language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Luxembourg | wln |
| West Flemish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands | vls, zea |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Georgia
Main article: Languages of Georgia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Russia, Turkey | abk |
| Bats language | Severely endangered[1] | bbl | |
| Bohtan Neo-Aramaic language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | bhn |
| Homshetsma language | Severely endangered[1] | (Caucasus). Also spoken in: Russia | hye |
| Laz language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Turkey | lzz |
| Mingrelian language | Definitely endangered[1] | xmf | |
| Ossete language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | oss |
| Pontic Greek language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt |
| Svan language | Definitely endangered[1] | sva | |
| Udi language | Severely endangered[1] | (Georgia) . | udi |
| Urum language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia, Ukraine | uum |
Germany
Main article: Languages of Germany
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae |
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Austria, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic | bar |
| East Franconian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Czech Republic | vmf |
| Limburgish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, Netherlands | lim |
| Low Saxon language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Denmark, Netherlands, Poland, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep |
| Moselle Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France, Luxembourg | ltz |
| North Frisian language | Severely endangered[1] | frr | |
| Rhenish Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: France | pfl |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Saterland Frisian | Severely endangered[1] | stq | |
| Sorbian languages | Definitely endangered[1] | dsb, hsb | |
| South Jutish | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Denmark | jut |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Greece
Main article: Languages of Greece
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aromanian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, The Republic of Macedonia, Serbia | rup |
| Arvanitika language | Severely endangered[1] | aat | |
| Cappadocian Greek language | Critically endangered[1] | cpg | |
| Corfiot Italkian | Critically endangered[1] | ||
| Gagauz language | Severely endangered[1] | (South Balkans) . Also spoken in: The Republic of Macedonia, Turkey | bgx, gag |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Megleno-Romanian language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Republic of Macedonia | ruq |
| Pontic Greek language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Tsakonian language | Critically endangered[1] | tsd | |
Hungary
Main article: Languages of Hungary
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic | bar |
| Burgenland Croatian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Austria, Slovakia | bos, hrv, srp |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Rusyn language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Ireland
Main article: Languages of Ireland
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Irish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | gle |
Italy
Main article: Languages of Italy
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, France, Liechtenstein, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae |
| Algherese (Catalan language) | Definitely endangered[1] | cat | |
| Alpine Provençal | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | oci |
| Arbëresh language | Definitely endangered[1] | aae | |
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Czech Republic | bar |
| Campidanese (Sardinian language) | Definitely endangered[1] | sro | |
| Cimbrian language | Definitely endangered[1] | cim | |
| Corsican language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | cos |
| Emilian-Romagnol language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: San Marino | eml |
| Faetar dialect | Definitely endangered[1] | frp | |
| Francoprovençal language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France, Switzerland | frp |
| Friulian language | Definitely endangered[1] | fur | |
| Gallo-Italic of Sicily | Definitely endangered[1] | lmo | |
| Gallurese language | Definitely endangered[1] | sdn | |
| Gardiol language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Griko language | Severely endangered[1] | (Calabria). | ell |
| Griko language | Severely endangered[1] | (Salento). | ell |
| Ladin language | Definitely endangered[1] | lld | |
| Ligurian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France, Monaco | lij |
| Logudorese (Sardinian language) | Definitely endangered[1] | src | |
| Lombard language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Switzerland | lmo |
| Mòcheno language | Definitely endangered[1] | mhn | |
| Molise Croatian dialect | Severely endangered[1] | bos, hrv, srp | |
| Piedmontese language | Definitely endangered[1] | pms | |
| Resian dialect | Definitely endangered[1] | slv | |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Sassarese language | Definitely endangered[1] | sdc | |
| Sicilian language | Vulnerable[1] | scn | |
| South Italian language | Vulnerable[1] | nap | |
| Swabian German language | Severely endangered[1] | swg | |
| Swiss German language | Severely endangered[1] | gsw | |
| Venetian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Croatia, Slovenia | vec |
| Walser German | Severely endangered[1] | wae | |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Kazakhstan
Main article: Languages of Kazakhstan
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dungan language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Kyrgyzstan | dng |
Latvia
Main article: Languages of Latvia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel |
| Latgalian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | lav |
| Livonian language | Critically endangered[1] | liv | |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Liechtenstein
Main article: Languages of Liechtenstein
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland | gsw, swg, wae |
Lithuania
Main article: Languages of Lithuania
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel |
| Karaim language | Severely endangered[1] | (Lithuania). | kdr |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Luxembourg
Main article: Languages of Luxembourg
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moselle Franconian dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Belgium, France | ltz |
| Walloon language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France | wln |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Moldova
Main article: Languages of Moldova
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gagauz language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia | gag |
Monaco
Main article: Languages of Monaco
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ligurian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France, Italy | lij |
Montenegro
Main article: Languages of Montenegro
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
Netherlands
Main article: Languages of the Netherlands
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Limburgish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Belgium | lim |
| Low Saxon language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Denmark, Poland, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| West Flemish language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belgium, France | vls, zea |
| West Frisian language | Vulnerable[1] | fry | |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Norway
Main article: Languages of Norway
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lule Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Sweden | smj |
| North Saami language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Finland, Russia, Sweden | sme |
| Pite Saami language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Sweden | sje |
| Skolt Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Finland, Russia | sms |
| South Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Sweden | sma |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Poland
Main article: Languages of Poland
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine | bel |
| Kashubian language | Severely endangered[1] | csb | |
| Low Saxon language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Russia | act, drt, frs, gos, nds, sdz, stl, twd, vel, wep |
| Polesian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Ukraine | |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Rusyn language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue |
| Vilamovian language Wymysorys language | Severely endangered[1] | wym | |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Portugal
Main article: Languages of Portugal
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian-Leonese language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Spain | ast, ext, mwl |
Romania
Main article: Languages of Romania
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Banat Bulgarian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Serbia | bul |
| Crimean Tatar language | Severely endangered[1] | (Dobruja) . Also spoken in: Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine | crh, jct |
| Csángó dialect | Severely endangered.[1] Dialect of Hungarian language | hun | |
| Gagauz language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia | gag |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Turkey, Serbia | lad |
| Nogay language | Severely endangered[1] | (Dobruja) . | nog |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Rusyn language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine | rue |
| Torlakian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia | bos, hrv, srp |
| Transylvanian Saxon language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Russia
Main articles: Languages of Russia and List of endangered languages in Russia
San Marino
Main article: Languages of San Marino
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emilian-Romagnol language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy | eml |
Serbia
Main article: Languages of Serbia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aromanian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia | rup |
| Banat Bulgarian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Romania | bul |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey | lad |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Torlakian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Bulgaria, The Republic of Macedonia, Romania | bos, hrv, srp |
| Pannonian Rusyn language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Croatia | |
Slovakia
Main article: Languages of Slovakia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burgenland Croatian language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Austria, Hungary | bos, hrv, srp |
| Eastern Slovak dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Ukraine | slk |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Rusyn language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukraine | rue |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Slovenia
Main article: Languages of Slovenia
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gottscheerish | Critically endangered[1] | ||
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Venetian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Croatia, Italy | vec |
Spain
Main article: Languages of Spain
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aragonese language | Definitely endangered[1] | arg | |
| Asturian-Leonese language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Portugal | ast, ext, mwl |
| Basque language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: France | eus |
| Gascon language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | oci |
Sweden
Main article: Languages of Sweden
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dalecarlian dialects | Definitely endangered[1] | swe | |
| Modern Gutnish | Definitely endangered[1] | swe | |
| Lule Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Norway | smj |
| North Saami language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Finland, Norway, Russia | sme |
| Pite Saami language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Norway | sje |
| Scanian dialect | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Denmark | swe |
| South Saami language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Norway | sma |
| Ume Saami language | Critically endangered[1] | sju | |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Switzerland
Main article: Languages of Switzerland
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alemannic language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Liechtenstein | gsw, swg, wae |
| Bavarian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Czech Republic | bar |
| Franc-Comtois language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France | fra |
| Francoprovençal language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: France, Italy | frp |
| Lombard language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Italy | lmo |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Romansh language | Definitely endangered[1] | roh | |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
Turkey
Main article: Languages of Turkey
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | abq |
| Abkhaz language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia | abk |
| Adyge language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The Republic of Macedonia, Russia, Syria | ady |
| Balkan Gagauz Turkish language | Severely endangered[1] | (South Balkans) Also spoken in: Greece, The Republic of Macedonia | bgx |
| Hértevin language | Critically endangered[1] | hrt | |
| Homshetsma language | Definitely endangered[1] | hye | |
| Judezmo language Judaeo-Spanish | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, The Republic of Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia | lad |
| Kabard-Cherkes language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | kbd |
| Laz language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Georgia | lzz |
| Pontic Greek language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Ukraine | pnt |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Chaldean Neo-Aramaic language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria | cld |
| Turoyo language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Syria | tru |
| Western Armenian language | Definitely endangered[1] | hye | |
| Zazaki language | Vulnerable[1] | zza | |
Ukraine
Main article: Languages of Ukraine
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia | bel |
| Crimean Tatar language | Severely endangered[1] | (Crimea). Also spoken in Russia, Bulgaria, Romania. | crh, jct |
| Crimean Turkish language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Eastern Slovak dialects | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Slovakia | slk |
| Gagauz language | Definitely endangered[1] | (Bessarabia). Also spoken in: Republic of Moldova | bgx, gag |
| Karaim language | Critically endangered[1] | (Western Ukraine) | kdr |
| Mariupolitan Greek language | Severely endangered[1] | ell | |
| Nogay language | Severely endangered[1] | (Crimea) | nog |
| Plautdietsch language | Definitely endangered[1] | pdt | |
| Polesian language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Belarus, Poland | |
| Pontic Greek language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey | pnt |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Rusyn language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia | rue |
| Urum language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Georgia, Russia | uum |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic | ydd |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Main articles: Languages of the United Kingdom and Languages of Ireland
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cornish language | Critically endangered[1] | cor | |
| Guernésiais language | Severely endangered[1] | (Guernsey) | fra |
| Irish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Ireland | gle |
| Jèrriais language | Severely endangered[1] | (Jersey) | fra |
| Manx language | Critically endangered[1] | (Isle of Man) | glv |
| Romani language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro | rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo, rmw, rmy |
| Scots language | Vulnerable[1] | sco | |
| Scottish Gaelic language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Canada | gla |
| Welsh language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Patagonia | cym |
| Yiddish language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine | ydd |
See also
- Lists of endangered languages
- List of extinct languages of Europe
- List of endangered languages in Russia
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
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