List of elected and appointed female heads of state

Map showing countries that have had women as heads of state (counting Governors-General as heads of state, but excluding monarchs):
  Female head of government[lower-alpha 1]
  Female head of state[1]
  Female head of state/government (combined)
  Female head of state and female head of government
Three former sovereign states (East Germany, Tannu Tuva, and Yugoslavia) have also had a female Head of State or Head of Government

This is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state of their respective countries since the mid-20th century. The list does not include female monarchs, nor does it include female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers.

Below the main list are separately listed female governors-general and French representatives of Andorra. As governors-general are appointed representatives of the monarch of the Commonwealth realms (currently Elizabeth II) and the French Representatives of Andorra are appointed representatives of the French Co-Prince of Andorra (currently François Hollande), they act as heads of state and carry out on a regular basis the functions and duties associated with such a role in the Commonwealth realms (excluding the United Kingdom, which has no governor-general, as the monarch of the Commonwealth realms primarily resides there) and Andorra, respectively.

To date, the country with most female Heads of State is San Marino (17, including three who served twice).

Note: Before making an addition to this list, please make sure that your addition should be placed in this list, and not in the List of elected or appointed female heads of government. Golda Meir, for example, was Prime minister of Israel and thereby Head of Government, but as Israel also has a President who is head of state, she was not Head of State, and is therefore placed in the List of elected or appointed female heads of government and not in this list.

List of female heads of state

  Denotes incumbent head of state
Name Image Country Office Mandate start Mandate end Term length
Khertek Anchimaa-Toka  Tannu Tuva Chairperson of the Presidium of the Little Khural 6 April 1940 11 October 1944 4 years, 188 days
Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa Mongolia Acting Chairperson of the Presidium of the State Great Khural 7 September 1953 7 July 1954 303 days
Soong Ching-ling  China Acting Co-Chairperson 31 October 1968 24 April 1972 3 years, 176 days
Isabel Martínez de Perón  Argentina President 1 July 1974 24 March 1976 1 year, 267 days
Lidia Gueiler Tejada  Bolivia Acting President 16 November 1979 17 July 1980 244 days
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir  Iceland President 1 August 1980 1 August 1996 16 years, 0 days
Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 1981 1 October 1981 183 days
Soong Ching-ling  China Honorary President 16 May 1981 28 May 1981 12 days
Agatha Barbara  Malta President 15 February 1982 15 February 1987 5 years, 0 days
Gloriana Ranocchini  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 1984 1 October 1984 183 days
Carmen Pereira  Guinea-Bissau Acting President of Guinea-Bissau 14 May 1984 16 May 1984 2 days
Elisabeth Kopp   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 21 October 1984 12 January 1989 4 years, 83 days
Corazon Aquino  Philippines President 25 February 1986 30 June 1992 6 years, 126 days
Gloriana Ranocchini  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 1989 1 April 1990 182 days
Ertha Pascal-Trouillot  Haiti Acting President 13 March 1990 7 February 1991 331 days
Sabine Bergmann-Pohl  East Germany President of the People's Chamber 5 April 1990 2 October 1990 180 days
Violeta Chamorro  Nicaragua President 25 April 1990 10 January 1997 6 years, 260 days
Mary Robinson  Ireland President 3 December 1990 12 September 1997 6 years, 283 days
Edda Ceccoli  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 1991 1 April 1992 183 days
Ruth Dreifuss   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 April 1993 31 December 2002 9 years, 296 days
Patrizia Busignani  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 1993 1 October 1993 183 days
Sylvie Kinigi  Burundi Acting President 27 October 1993 5 February 1994 101 days
Chandrika Kumaratunga  Sri Lanka President 12 November 1994 19 November 2005 11 years, 7 days
Ruth Perry  Liberia Chairperson of the Council of State 3 September 1996 2 August 1997 333 days
Rosalía Arteaga Serrano  Ecuador Acting President 9 February 1997 11 February 1997 2 days
Mary McAleese  Ireland President 11 November 1997 10 November 2011 13 years, 364 days
Janet Jagan  Guyana President 19 December 1997 11 August 1999 1 year, 235 days
Ruth Metzler-Arnold   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 January 1999 31 December 2003 4 years, 364 days
Rosa Zafferani  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 1999 1 October 1999 183 days
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga  Latvia President 8 July 1999 8 July 2007 8 years, 0 days
Mireya Moscoso  Panama President 1 September 1999 1 September 2004 5 years, 0 days
Tarja Halonen  Finland President 1 March 2000 1 March 2012 12 years, 0 days
Maria Domenica Michelotti  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2000 1 October 2000 183 days
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo  Philippines President 20 January 2001 30 June 2010 9 years, 161 days
Megawati Sukarnoputri  Indonesia President 23 July 2001 20 October 2004 3 years, 89 days
Micheline Calmy-Rey   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 January 2003 31 December 2011 8 years, 364 days
Valeria Ciavatta  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 2003 1 April 2004 183 days
Nino Burjanadze  Georgia Acting President 23 November 2003 25 January 2004 63 days
Barbara Prammer  Austria Co-acting President 6 July 2004 8 July 2004 2 days
Fausta Morganti  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2005 1 October 2005 183 days
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf  Liberia President 16 January 2006 Incumbent 10 years, 326 days
Michelle Bachelet  Chile President 11 March 2006 11 March 2010 4 years, 0 days
Doris Leuthard   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 August 2006 Incumbent 10 years, 128 days
Dalia Itzik  Israel Acting President 25 January 2007 15 July 2007 171 days
Pratibha Patil  India President 25 July 2007 25 July 2012 5 years, 0 days
Nino Burjanadze  Georgia Acting President 25 November 2007 20 January 2008 56 days
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner  Argentina President 10 December 2007 10 December 2015 8 years, 0 days
Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 January 2008 31 December 2015 7 years, 364 days
Rosa Zafferani  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2008 1 October 2008 183 days
Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri  South Africa Acting President 24 September 2008 25 September 2008 14 hours[2][3]
Assunta Meloni  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 2008 1 April 2009 182 days
Rose Francine Rogombé  Gabon Acting President 10 June 2009 16 October 2009 128 days
Dalia Grybauskaitė  Lithuania President 12 July 2009 Incumbent 7 years, 148 days
Roza Otunbayeva  Kyrgyzstan President 7 April 2010 1 December 2011 1 year, 238 days
Laura Chinchilla  Costa Rica President 8 May 2010 8 May 2014 4 years, 0 days
Simonetta Sommaruga   Switzerland Member of the Swiss Federal Council 1 November 2010 Incumbent 6 years, 36 days
Dilma Rousseff  Brazil President 1 January 2011 31 August 2016 5 years, 243 days
Maria Luisa Berti  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2011 1 October 2011 183 days
Atifete Jahjaga  Kosovo President 7 April 2011 7 April 2016 5 years, 0 days
Monique Ohsan Bellepeau  Mauritius Acting President 31 March 2012 21 July 2012 112 days
Slavica Đukić Dejanović  Serbia Acting President 5 April 2012 31 May 2012 56 days
Joyce Banda  Malawi President 7 April 2012 31 May 2014 2 years, 54 days
Denise Bronzetti  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 2012 1 April 2013 182 days
Park Geun-hye  South Korea President 25 February 2013 Incumbent 3 years, 286 days
Antonella Mularoni  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2013 1 October 2013 183 days
Anna Maria Muccioli  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 2013 1 April 2014 182 days
Catherine Samba-Panza  Central African Republic Acting President 23 January 2014 30 March 2016 2 years, 67 days
Michelle Bachelet  Chile President 11 March 2014 Incumbent 2 years, 271 days
Valeria Ciavatta  San Marino Captain Regent 1 April 2014 1 October 2014 183 days
Marie Louise Coleiro Preca  Malta President 4 April 2014 Incumbent 2 years, 247 days
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović  Croatia President 19 February 2015 Incumbent 1 year, 292 days
Monique Ohsan Bellepeau  Mauritius Acting President 29 May 2015 5 June 2015 7 days
Ameenah Gurib  Mauritius President 5 June 2015 Incumbent 1 year, 185 days
Lorella Stefanelli  San Marino Captain Regent 1 October 2015 1 April 2016 183 days
Bidhya Devi Bhandari    Nepal President 29 October 2015 Incumbent 1 year, 39 days
Hilda Heine  Marshall Islands President 28 January 2016 Incumbent 314 days
Tsai Ing-wen  Taiwan President 20 May 2016 Incumbent 201 days
Doris Bures  Austria Co-Acting President 8 July 2016 26 January 2017 152 days
Kersti Kaljulaid  Estonia President 10 October 2016 Incumbent 58 days

List of female representatives of heads of state

  Denotes incumbent representative of head of state
Name Image Country Office Mandate start Mandate end Term length
Dame Elmira Minita Gordon  Belize Governor-General 21 September 1981 17 November 1993 12 years, 57 days
Jeanne Sauvé  Canada Governor General 14 May 1984 29 January 1990 5 years, 260 days
Dame Nita Barrow  Barbados Governor-General 6 June 1990 19 December 1995 5 years, 196 days
Dame Catherine Tizard  New Zealand Governor-General 13 December 1990 21 March 1996 5 years, 99 days
Dame Pearlette Louisy  Saint Lucia Governor-General 17 September 1997 Incumbent 19 years, 81 days
Adrienne Clarkson  Canada Governor General 7 October 1999 27 September 2005 5 years, 324 days
Dame Sian Elias  New Zealand Administrator of the Government (Acting Governor-General) 22 March 2001 4 April 2001 13 days
Dame Silvia Cartwright  New Zealand Governor-General 4 April 2001 4 August 2006 5 years, 122 days
Dame Ivy Dumont  The Bahamas Governor-General 11 November 2001 30 November 2005 4 years, 19 days
Monica Dacon  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Acting Governor-General 3 June 2002 2 September 2002 91 days
Michaëlle Jean  Canada Governor General 27 September 2005 1 October 2010 5 years, 4 days
Dame Sian Elias  New Zealand Administrator of the Government (Acting Governor-General) 4 August 2006 23 August 2006 19 days
Emmanuelle Mignon  Andorra Representative of the French Co-Prince 6 June 2007 24 September 2008 1 year, 110 days
Dame Louise Lake-Tack  Antigua and Barbuda Governor-General 17 July 2007 13 August 2014 7 years, 27 days
Dame Quentin Bryce  Australia Governor-General 5 September 2008 28 March 2014 5 years, 204 days
Dame Sian Elias  New Zealand Administrator of the Government (Acting Governor-General) 23 August 2011 31 August 2011 8 days
Sylvie Hubac  Andorra Representative of the French Co-Prince 15 May 2012 5 January 2015 2 years, 235 days
Sandra Mason  Barbados Acting Governor-General 30 May 2012 1 June 2012 2 days
Dame Cécile La Grenade  Grenada Governor-General 7 May 2013 Incumbent 3 years, 214 days
Dame Marguerite Pindling  The Bahamas Governor-General 8 July 2014 Incumbent 2 years, 152 days
Dame Sian Elias  New Zealand Administrator of the Government (Acting Governor-General) 31 August 2016 28 September 2016 28 days
Dame Patsy Reddy  New Zealand Governor-General 28 September 2016 Incumbent 70 days

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Although the Peruvian constitution and the government itself state that the President is the Head of Government,[4][5] other sources name the President of the Council of Ministers as the head of government.[6]

References

  1. ↑ including female representatives of heads of state, such as Governors-General and French Representatives of Andorra
  2. ↑ http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/no-wars-no-drama-for-matsepe-casaburri-417900
  3. ↑ http://www.nation.co.ke/News/politics/Emotional+farewell+as+Mbeki+holds+last+cabinet+meeting+/-/1064/1395972/-/9cwuw2/-/index.html
  4. ↑ "Portal del Estado Peruano". Oficina Nacional de Gobierno Electrónico e Informática. Retrieved 6 September 2016. El Poder Ejecutivo está constituido por el Presidente, quien desarrolla las funciones de Jefe de Estado. El simboliza y representa los intereses permanentes del país. A su vez, como Jefe de Gobierno, es quien dirige la política gubernamental, respaldado por la mayoría político-electoral.
  5. ↑ "Constitución Política del Perú 1993" (PDF). Government of Peru. Retrieved 6 September 2016. Artículo 118°.- Atribuciones del Presidente de la República Corresponde al Presidente de la República: 1. Cumplir y hacer cumplir la Constitución y los tratados, leyes y demás disposiciones legales. [...] 3. Dirigir la política general del Gobierno.
  6. ↑ UN Protocol and Liaison Service (24 August 2016). "List of Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs" (PDF). Retrieved 6 September 2016.

External links

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