List of allergens
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This is a list of allergies, which includes the allergen, potential reactions, and treatments.
Allergens
Food
Main article: Food allergy
| Name | Potential reaction(s) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Balsam of Peru | Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. | Present in many foods, such as coffee, flavored tea, wine, beer, gin, liqueurs, apéritifs (e.g. vermouth, bitters), soft drinks including cola, juice, citrus, citrus fruit peel, marmalade, tomatoes and tomato-containing products, Mexican and Italian foods with red sauces, ketchup, spices (e.g. cloves, Jamaica pepper (allspice), cinnamon, nutmeg, paprika, curry, anise, and ginger), chili sauce, barbecue sauce, chutney, pickles, pickled vegetables, chocolate, vanilla, baked goods and pastries, pudding, ice cream, chewing gum, and candy. |
| Fruit | Mild itching, rash, blisters at point of oral contact | Mango, strawberries are common problems |
| Rice | Sneezing, runny nose, itching, stomachache, eczema. | People with a rice allergy can be affected by eating rice or breathing in rice steam. |
| Garlic | Dermatitis, asymmetrical pattern of fissure, thickening/shedding of the outer skin layers,[1] anaphylaxis | |
| Oats | Dermatitis, respiratory problems, anaphylaxis | |
| Meat[2] | Dermatitis, rarely anaphylaxis | Allergies to the sugar carbohydrate found in beef, lamb, and pork called alpha-gal. It is brought on by tick bites.[3][4] |
| Milk[5] | Skin rash, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, flatulence, nasal congestion, dermatitis, blisters, anaphylaxis | |
| Peanut[6] | Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting | Includes some cold-pressed peanut oils. Distinct from tree nut allergy, as peanuts are legumes. |
| Fish or shellfish[5] | Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting | Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling. |
| Soy | Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting | |
| Tree nut[7] | Anaphylaxis, swelling, rash, hives, sometimes vomiting | Hazard extends to exposure to cooking vapors, or handling. Distinct from peanut allergy, as peanuts are legumes. |
| Wheat[8] | Eczema (atopic dermatitis), Hives, asthma, hay fever, angioedema, abdominal cramps, Celiac disease, diarrhea, temporary (3 or 4 day) mental incompetence, anemia, nausea, and vomiting[9] | |
| Hot peppers | Skin rash, hives, throat tightness, tongue swelling, possible vomiting | |
| Gluten | Anaphylaxis, sometimes vomiting | |
| Egg | Anaphylaxis, sometimes flatulence and vomiting | |
| Tartrazine | Skin irritation, hives, rash | Synthetic yellow food coloring, also used for bright green coloring |
| Sulfites | Hives, rash, redness of skin, headache (particular frontal), burning behind eyes, breathing difficulties (anaphylaxis) |
Drug
Main article: Drug allergy
| Name | Possible reaction(s) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Balsam of Peru | Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. | Present in many drugs, such as hemorrhoid suppositories and ointment (e.g. Anusol), cough medicine/suppressant and lozenges, diaper rash ointments, oral and lip ointments, tincture of benzoin, wound spray (it has been reported to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as the common ulcer-causing bacteria H. pylori in test-tube studies), calamine lotion, surgical dressings, dental cement, eugenol used by dentists, some periodontal impression materials, and in the treatment of dry socket in dentistry. |
| Tetracycline | Many, including: severe headache, dizziness, blurred vision, fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, severe blistering, peeling, dark colored urine[10][11][12] | |
| Dilantin | Many, including: swollen glands, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, sore throat[13][14][15] | |
| Tegretol (carbamazepine) | Shortness of breath, wheezing or difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue etc., hives[16][17][18] | |
| Penicillin | Diarrhea, hypersensitivity, nausea, rash, neurotoxicity, urticaria | |
| Cephalosporins | Maculopapular or morbilliform skin eruption, and less commonly urticaria, eosinophilia, serum-sickness–like reactions, and anaphylaxis.[19] | |
| Sulfonamides | Urinary tract disorders, haemopoietic disorders, porphyria and hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens–Johnson syndrome toxic epidermal necrolysis | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (cromolyn sodium, nedocromil sodium, etc.) | Many, including: swollen eyes, lips, or tongue, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate[20] | |
| Intravenous contrast dye | Anaphylactoid reactions and contrast-induced nephropathy | |
| Local anesthetics | Urticaria and rash, dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, cyanosis, tachycardia[21] |
Environmental
Main article: Allergy § Other environmental factors
| Name | Possible reaction(s) | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Balsam of Peru | Redness, swelling, itching, allergic contact dermatitis reactions, stomatitis (inflammation and soreness of the mouth or tongue), cheilitis (inflammation, rash, or painful erosion of the lips, oropharyngeal mucosa, or angles of their mouth), pruritus, hand eczema, generalized or resistant plantar dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and blisters. | A number of national and international surveys have identified Balsam of Peru as being in the "top five" allergens most commonly causing patch test reactions in people referred to dermatology clinics.[22][23] |
| Pollen | Sneezing, body ache, headache (in rare cases, extremely painful cluster headaches may occur due to allergic sinusitis; these may leave a temporary time period of 1 and a half to 2 days with eye sensitivity), allergic conjunctivitis (includes watery, red, swelled, itchy, and irritating eyes), runny nose, irritation of the nose, nasal congestion, minor fatigue, chest pain and discomfort, coughing, sore throat, facial discomfort (feeling of stuffed face) due to allergic sinusitis, possible asthma attack, wheezing | |
| Cat | Sneezing, itchy swollen eyes, rash, congestion, wheezing | |
| Dog | Rash, sneezing, congestion, wheezing, vomiting from coughing, Sometimes itchy welts. | Caused by dander, saliva or urine of dogs, or by dust, pollen or other allergens that have been carried on the fur.[24] Allergy to dogs is present in as much as 10 percent of the population.[24] |
| Insect sting | Hives, wheezing, possible anaphylaxis | |
| Mold | Sneeze, coughing, itchy, discharge from the nose, respiratory irritation, congested feeling,[25] joint aches, headaches, fatigue[26] | |
| Perfume | Itchy eyes, runny nose, headaches, muscle/joint pain, asthma attack, wheezing, blisters | |
| Cosmetics | Contact dermatitis,[27] irritant contact dermatitis, inflammation, redness,[28] conjunctivitis[29] | |
| Semen | Burning, pain and swelling, possibly for days, swelling or blisters, vaginal redness,[30] fever, runny nose, extreme fatigue[31][32][33][34][35] | In a case study in Switzerland, a woman who was allergic to Balsam of Peru was allergic to her boyfriend's semen following intercourse, after he drank large amounts of Coca Cola.[36] |
| Latex | Contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity | |
| Water (see note) | Epidermal itching | Strictly Aquagenic pruritus, but Cold urticaria may also be described as a "water allergy," in which water may cause hives and anaphylaxis |
| House dust mite[37] | Asthma | Home allergen reduction may be recommended |
| Nickel (nickel sulfate hexahydrate) | Allergic contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema[38][39] | |
| Gold (gold sodium thiosulfate) | Allergic contact dermatitis | |
| Chromium | Allergic contact dermatitis | |
| Cobalt chloride | Allergic contact dermatitis | |
| Formaldehyde | Allergic contact dermatitis | |
| Photographic developers | Allergic contact dermatitis | |
| Fungicide | Allergic contact dermatitis,fever,anaphylaxis |
Contact
Many substances can cause an allergic reaction when in contact with the human integumentary system.
| Allergen | Source | Cross reacts with | Clinical presentation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) | Found within cocamidopropyl betaine in liquid soaps and shampoos | Eyelid dermatitis | |
| Latex[nb 1] | Avocado Banana Chestnut Kiwi Passion fruit Peach Mango Pineapple Fig Cantaloupe Apple Papaya Ethylene-ripened fruits | ||
| Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) | Black hair dye Color developer Scuba gear Henna[nb 2] | Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) Azo dyes Sulfonamides Sulfonylureas Thiazides Ester anesthetics | |
| Glyceryl monothioglycolate | Permanent hair waving solutions | ||
| Toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde (Toluidine) | Nail polish | Eyelid dermatitis |
- ↑ Risk factors for reaction to latex include spina bifida, family history of allergy to latex, or a personal history of allergies, asthma, or eczema
- ↑ Paraphenylenediamine may be added to henna but is not found in pure henna.
See also
- Allergic inflammation
- Elimination diet
- Food intolerance
- Oral allergy syndrome
- List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
- List of cutaneous conditions
- List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions
- List of target antigens in pemphigus
- List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system
References
- ↑ Thomas D. Horn (2003). Dermatology, Volume 2. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 305. ISBN 0-323-02578-1.
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_131179.html
- ↑ "Rare Meat Allergy Caused By Tick Bites May Be On The Rise". NPR.org. 27 November 2012.
- ↑ http://www.acaai.org/annual_meeting/Documents/ACAAIProgramGuide2012c.pdf
- 1 2 National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm
- ↑ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005
- ↑ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/understanding/quickFacts.htm
- ↑ Akagawa M, Handoyo T, Ishii T, Kumazawa S, Morita N, Suyama K (2007). "Proteomic analysis of wheat flour allergens". J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 (17): 6863–70. doi:10.1021/jf070843a. PMID 17655322.
- ↑ "Allergy Society of South Africa – Wheat Allergy". Archived from the original on 2008-04-24. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ↑ Tetracycline – Drugs.com
- ↑ Allergies From Antibiotics |LIVESTRONG.COM
- ↑ Allergies From Antibiotics |LIVESTRONG.COM
- ↑ Dilantin Information from Drugs.com
- ↑ What are the most serious side effects of Dilantin?: Basic |Epilepsy.com
- ↑ Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy: Dilantin: Neurology: UI Health Topics
- ↑ Trileptal CMI approved 03.12.01
- ↑ Tegretol (carbamazepine)
- ↑ Carbamazepine
- ↑ MMS: Error
- ↑ Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medicines (NSAIDs)
- ↑ September 1998 CDA Journal – Toxicity and Allergy to Local Anesthesia
- ↑ Gottfried Schmalz; Dorthe Arenholt Bindslev (2008). Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Springer. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ↑ Edward T. Bope; Rick D. Kellerman (2013). Conn's Current Therapy 2014: Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
- 1 2 Dog Allergy at American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. References up to 2011
- ↑ Mold allergies, Mold allergy symptoms, What is mold allergy
- ↑ Mold allergies, allergic response, and allergy symptoms
- ↑ Two Types of Cosmetic Allergy
- ↑ The Downside To Cosmetics – Cosmetic Allergy
- ↑ Conjunctivitis – allergic and infectious – information, symptoms and treatment |Bupa UK
- ↑ Getting Pregnant and Fertility Problems: Sperm Allergy
- ↑ 'Flu-like symptoms actually semen allergy' – Times LIVE
- ↑ Semen Allergy Can Cause Flu-like Symptoms in Men |TopNews United States
- ↑ Semen Allergy Can Be Treated, Study Shows |Daily Health Report
- ↑ Semen Allergy
- ↑ UPDATE 1-Semen allergy suspected in rare post-orgasm illness – AlertNet
- ↑ Harlan Walker (1990). Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods: Proceedings. Oxford Symposium. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
- ↑ Xavier Basagaña, Jordi Sunyer, Manolis Kogevinas, Jan-Paul Zock, Enric Duran-Tauleria, Deborah Jarvis, Peter Burney, Josep Maria Anto, and on behalf of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2004). "Socioeconomic Status and Asthma Prevalence in Young Adults. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey". American Journal of Epidemiology. 160 (2): 178–188. doi:10.1093/aje/kwh186. PMID 15234940.
- ↑ Vien, Niels K.; Kaaber, Knud (1979). "Nickel cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema)". Contact Dermatitis. 5 (6): 371–4. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04907.x. PMID 160856.
- ↑ Kaaber, K.; Veien, N. K.; Tjell, J. C. (1978). "Low nickel diet in the treatment of patients with chronic nickel dermatitis". British Journal of Dermatology. 98 (2): 197–201. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01622.x. PMID 629873.
- Bolognia, Jean L.; et al. (2007). Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- James, William D.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
Further reading
- Resource List on Food Allergies and Intolerances for Consumers (PDF|266 KB), Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library. A collection of resources on the topic of food allergies and intolerances.
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