List of Star Trek: The Original Series episodes

Created by Gene Roddenberry, the science fiction television series Star Trek (which eventually acquired the retronym Star Trek: The Original Series) starred William Shatner as Captain Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock, and DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy aboard the fictional Federation starship USS Enterprise. The series originally aired from September 1966 through June 1969 on NBC.[1]

This is the first television series in the Star Trek franchise, and comprises 79 regular episodes over the show's three seasons, along with the show's original pilot episode, "The Cage". The episodes are listed in order by original air date,[2] which match the episode order in each season's original,[3][4][5] remastered,[6][7][8] and Blu-ray DVD[9] box sets. The original, single-disc DVD releases placed the episodes by production order, with "The Cage" on the final disc.[10] This list also includes the stardate on which the events of each episode took place within the fictional Star Trek universe.[11]

After the show's cancellation, Paramount Television released Star Trek to television stations as a syndication package,[12] where the series' popularity grew to become a "major phenomenon within popular culture".[13] This popularity would eventually lead to the expansion of the Star Trek franchise, which as of 2016 includes five more television series and thirteen Trek motion pictures.

In 2006, CBS Paramount Domestic Television (now CBS Television Distribution) announced that each Original Series episode would be re-syndicated in high definition after undergoing digital remastering, including both new and enhanced visual effects.[14] (To date, the remastered episodes have only been broadcast in standard definition, though all three seasons are now available on the high-definition Blu-ray Disc format.)[15][16] The remastered episodes began with "Balance of Terror" (along with, in some markets, "Miri") during the weekend of September 16, 2006,[17] and ended with "The Cage", which aired during the weekend of May 2, 2009.[18] The remastered air dates listed below are based on the weekend each episode aired in syndication.[17]

Series overview

SeasonEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast aired
129September 8, 1966 (1966-09-08)April 13, 1967 (1967-04-13)
226September 15, 1967 (1967-09-15)March 29, 1968 (1968-03-29)
324September 20, 1968 (1968-09-20)June 3, 1969 (1969-06-03)

Episodes

Pilots (1964–65)

Star Trek's pilot episode, "The Cage", was completed between November 1964 and January 1965,[19] and starred Jeffrey Hunter as Captain Christopher Pike, Majel Barrett as Number One, and Leonard Nimoy as Spock. After the pilot was rejected by NBC as being "too cerebral" (among other complaints),[20] Jeffrey Hunter chose to withdraw from the role of Pike[21] when creator Gene Roddenberry was asked to produce a second pilot episode ("Where No Man Has Gone Before") of which an edited version of the same name aired in 1966.[22][23]

"The Cage" never aired during Star Trek's original run on NBC. It was presented by Roddenberry as a black-and-white workprint at various science fiction conventions over the years after Star Trek's cancellation but was not released on home video until 1986 when Paramount Home Video produced a "restored" release of "The Cage" (a combination of the original black-and-white footage and color portions of the Season 1 episode "The Menagerie") complete with an introduction by Gene Roddenberry.[24]

On October 4, 1988, Paramount Pictures aired a two-hour television special, hosted by Patrick Stewart, called The Star Trek Saga: From One Generation to the Next, which featured, for the first time, a full-color television presentation of "The Cage". In some markets, the special did not air until October 15, 1988.[24] In the United States, "The Cage" was first released to DVD in December 2001.[25] It was later included on the final disc in both the original and "remastered" Season 3 DVD box sets (listed with the original air date of October 15, 1988).[5][8][26]

The also planned-as-pilot "Where No Man Has Gone Before" in its original form (production number 02a) had been forwarded to NBC, but only a re-worked, re-edited, re-formatted, cut version was later aired under the same name, not as a pilot but as the third episode of the series (production number 02b). Afterwards, over the years the original "alternate" version was thought to be lost but later appeared as bootleg VHS tapes at conventions, until a print of it was discovered in 2009 and subsequently released on home video under the title "Where No Fan Has Gone Before" - The Restored, Unaired Alternate Pilot Episode as part of the TOS season 3 box set on Blu-ray;[27] it has not been released on DVD yet. This version remains unaired.

TitleStardate[11]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date[24][26]Prod.
code
"The Cage"UnknownRobert ButlerGene RoddenberryOctober 4, 198801
The crew of the Enterprise follow a distress signal to the planet Talos IV, where Captain Pike is taken captive by a group of telepathic aliens. The events of this episode are revisited in the Season 1 episodes "The Menagerie, Parts I and II".[28]
"Where No Man Has Gone Before"1312.4James GoldstoneSamuel A. PeeplesUnaired02a
After the Enterprise attempts to cross the Great Barrier at the edge of the galaxy, crew members Gary Mitchell and Elizabeth Dehner develop "godlike" psychic powers which threaten the safety of the crew.[28]

Season 1 (1966–67)

After Roddenberry's second pilot episode, "Where No Man Has Gone Before", received a more favorable response from NBC,[22][23] Star Trek finally aired its first episode—"The Man Trap"—at 8:30PM on September 8, 1966.[29] "Where No Man...", which eventually aired in a re-edited format as the series' third episode, retained only Spock as a character from "The Cage" but introduced William Shatner as Captain Kirk, James Doohan as chief engineer Scotty, and George Takei as physicist (later helmsman) Sulu. Also joining the cast were DeForest Kelley as ship's surgeon and Nichelle Nichols as the communications officer Uhura in "The Man Trap"; the first aired episode of the series.

Although her character of Number One was not retained from "The Cage", Majel Barrett returned to the show as a new character, nurse Christine Chapel, and made her first of many recurring appearances in "The Naked Time". Grace Lee Whitney appeared in eight episodes as yeoman Janice Rand, beginning with "The Man Trap". Whitney left the series after "The Conscience of the King",[22][30][31] but would later make minor appearances in the first, third, fourth, and sixth Trek films as well as one episode of the companion series Star Trek: Voyager.

Star Trek's first season comprised 29 episodes, including the two-part episode "The Menagerie", which includes much of the footage from the original pilot, "The Cage". Other notable episodes include "Balance of Terror", which introduces the Romulans; "Space Seed", which introduces Khan Noonien Singh and serves as the basis for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan; "Errand of Mercy", in which the Klingons make their first appearance; and the critically acclaimed,[32] Hugo-Award-winning episode[33] "The City on the Edge of Forever", which features Kirk, Spock, and McCoy traveling into the past through the Guardian of Forever.

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleStardate[11]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date[2]Prod.
code
11"The Man Trap"1513.1Marc DanielsGeorge Clayton JohnsonSeptember 8, 1966 (1966-09-08)06
22"Charlie X"1533.6Lawrence DobkinTeleplay: D. C. Fontana
Story: Gene Roddenberry
September 15, 1966 (1966-09-15)08
33"Where No Man Has Gone Before"1312.4James GoldstoneSamuel A. PeeplesSeptember 22, 1966 (1966-09-22)02b
44"The Naked Time"1704.2Marc DanielsJohn D. F. BlackSeptember 29, 1966 (1966-09-29)07
55"The Enemy Within"1672.1Leo PennRichard MathesonOctober 6, 1966 (1966-10-06)05
66"Mudd's Women"1329.8Harvey HartTeleplay: Stephen Kandel
Story: Gene Roddenberry
October 13, 1966 (1966-10-13)04
77"What Are Little Girls Made Of?"2712.4James GoldstoneRobert BlochOctober 20, 1966 (1966-10-20)10
88"Miri"2713.5Vincent McEveetyAdrian SpiesOctober 27, 1966 (1966-10-27)12
99"Dagger of the Mind"2715.1Vincent McEveetyS. Bar-DavidNovember 3, 1966 (1966-11-03)11
1010"The Corbomite Maneuver"1512.2Joseph SargentJerry SohlNovember 10, 1966 (1966-11-10)03
1111"The Menagerie, Part I"3012.4Marc DanielsGene RoddenberryNovember 17, 1966 (1966-11-17)16
1212"The Menagerie, Part II"3013.1Robert ButlerGene RoddenberryNovember 24, 1966 (1966-11-24)16
1313"The Conscience of the King"2817.6Gerd OswaldBarry TriversDecember 8, 1966 (1966-12-08)13
1414"Balance of Terror"1709.2Vincent McEveetyPaul SchneiderDecember 15, 1966 (1966-12-15)09
1515"Shore Leave"3025.3Robert SparrTheodore SturgeonDecember 29, 1966 (1966-12-29)17
1616"The Galileo Seven"2821.5Robert GistTeleplay: Oliver Crawford and S. Bar-David
Story: Oliver Crawford
January 5, 1967 (1967-01-05)14
1717"The Squire of Gothos"2124.5Don McDougallPaul SchneiderJanuary 12, 1967 (1967-01-12)18
1818"Arena"3045.6Joseph PevneyTeleplay: Gene L. Coon
Story: Fredric Brown
January 19, 1967 (1967-01-19)19
1919"Tomorrow Is Yesterday"3113.2Michael O'HerlihyD. C. FontanaJanuary 26, 1967 (1967-01-26)21
2020"Court Martial"2947.3Marc DanielsTeleplay: Don M. Mankiewicz and Steven W. Carabatsos
Story: Don M. Mankiewicz
February 2, 1967 (1967-02-02)15
2121"The Return of the Archons"3156.2Joseph PevneyTeleplay: Boris Sobelman
Story: Gene Roddenberry
February 9, 1967 (1967-02-09)22
2222"Space Seed"3141.9Marc DanielsTeleplay: Gene L. Coon and Carey Wilber
Story: Carey Wilber
February 16, 1967 (1967-02-16)24
2323"A Taste of Armageddon"3192.1Joseph PevneyTeleplay: Robert Hamner and Gene L. Coon
Story: Robert Hamner
February 23, 1967 (1967-02-23)23
2424"This Side of Paradise"3417.3–3417.7Ralph SenenskyTeleplay: D. C. Fontana
Story: Nathan Butler[A] and D. C. Fontana
March 2, 1967 (1967-03-02)25
2525"The Devil in the Dark"3196.1Joseph PevneyGene L. CoonMarch 9, 1967 (1967-03-09)26
2626"Errand of Mercy"3198.4John NewlandGene L. CoonMarch 23, 1967 (1967-03-23)27
2727"The Alternative Factor"3087.6Gerd OswaldDon IngallsMarch 30, 1967 (1967-03-30)20
2828"The City on the Edge of Forever"3134.0Joseph PevneyHarlan EllisonApril 6, 1967 (1967-04-06)28
2929"Operation: Annihilate!"3287.2Herschel DaughertySteven W. CarabatsosApril 13, 1967 (1967-04-13)29

Season 2 (1967–68)

The show's 26-episode second season began in September 1967[2] with "Amok Time", which introduced actor Walter Koenig as Russian navigator Pavel Chekov, and granted viewers the first glimpse of Spock's homeworld, Vulcan. The season also includes such notable episodes as "Mirror, Mirror", which introduces the evil "mirror universe"; "Journey to Babel", featuring the introduction of Spock's parents Sarek and Amanda; and the light-hearted "The Trouble with Tribbles", which would later be revisited in a 1973 episode of Star Trek: The Animated Series and a 1996 episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The season ended with Assignment: Earth, an attempt to launch a spin-off television series set in the (then) present day.

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleStardate[11]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date[2]Prod.
code
301"Amok Time"3372.7Joseph PevneyTheodore SturgeonSeptember 15, 1967 (1967-09-15)34
312"Who Mourns for Adonais?"3468.1Marc DanielsGilbert RalstonSeptember 22, 1967 (1967-09-22)33
323"The Changeling"3541.9Marc DanielsJohn Meredyth LucasSeptember 29, 1967 (1967-09-29)37
334"Mirror, Mirror"UnknownMarc DanielsJerome BixbyOctober 6, 1967 (1967-10-06)39
345"The Apple"3715.3Joseph PevneyTeleplay: Max Ehrlich and Gene L. Coon
Story: Max Ehrlich
October 13, 1967 (1967-10-13)38
356"The Doomsday Machine"4202.9Marc DanielsNorman SpinradOctober 20, 1967 (1967-10-20)35
367"Catspaw"3018.2Joseph PevneyRobert BlochOctober 27, 1967 (1967-10-27)30
378"I, Mudd"4513.3Marc DanielsStephen KandelNovember 3, 1967 (1967-11-03)41
389"Metamorphosis"3219.4Ralph SenenskyGene L. CoonNovember 10, 1967 (1967-11-10)31
3910"Journey to Babel"3842.3Joseph PevneyD. C. FontanaNovember 17, 1967 (1967-11-17)44
4011"Friday's Child"3497.2Joseph PevneyD. C. FontanaDecember 1, 1967 (1967-12-01)32
4112"The Deadly Years"3478.2Joseph PevneyDavid P. HarmonDecember 8, 1967 (1967-12-08)40
4213"Obsession"3619.2Ralph SenenskyArt WallaceDecember 15, 1967 (1967-12-15)47
4314"Wolf in the Fold"3614.9Joseph PevneyRobert BlochDecember 22, 1967 (1967-12-22)36
4415"The Trouble with Tribbles"4523.3Joseph PevneyDavid GerroldDecember 29, 1967 (1967-12-29)42
4516"The Gamesters of Triskelion"3211.8Gene NelsonMargaret ArmenJanuary 5, 1968 (1968-01-05)46
4617"A Piece of the Action"4598.0James KomackTeleplay: David P. Harmon and Gene L. Coon
Story: David P. Harmon
January 12, 1968 (1968-01-12)49
4718"The Immunity Syndrome"4307.1Joseph PevneyRobert SabaroffJanuary 19, 1968 (1968-01-19)48
4819"A Private Little War"4211.4Marc DanielsTeleplay: Gene Roddenberry
Story: Jud Crucis[B]
February 2, 1968 (1968-02-02)45
4920"Return to Tomorrow"4768.3Ralph SenenskyJohn Kingsbridge[C]February 9, 1968 (1968-02-09)51
5021"Patterns of Force"2534.0Vincent McEveetyJohn Meredyth LucasFebruary 16, 1968 (1968-02-16)52
5122"By Any Other Name"4657.5Marc DanielsTeleplay: D. C. Fontana and Jerome Bixby
Story: Jerome Bixby
February 23, 1968 (1968-02-23)50
5223"The Omega Glory"UnknownVincent McEveetyGene RoddenberryMarch 1, 1968 (1968-03-01)54
5324"The Ultimate Computer"4729.4John Meredyth LucasTeleplay: D. C. Fontana
Story: Laurence N. Wolfe
March 8, 1968 (1968-03-08)53
5425"Bread and Circuses"4040.7Ralph SenenskyGene Roddenberry & Gene L. CoonMarch 15, 1968 (1968-03-15)43
5526"Assignment: Earth"UnknownMarc DanielsTeleplay: Art Wallace
Story: Gene Roddenberry & Art Wallace
March 29, 1968 (1968-03-29)55

Season 3 (1968–69)

After Star Trek's second season, NBC was prepared to cancel the show due to low ratings.[34][35] Led by fans Bjo and John Trimble, Trek viewers inundated NBC with letters protesting the show's demise and pleading the network to renew the series for another year.[35][36] After NBC agreed to produce a third season, the network promised Gene Roddenberry that the show would air in a favorable timeslot (Mondays at 7:30 PM),[34][35] but later changed the schedule so that Trek would air in the so-called "death slot" — Friday nights at 10:00PM.[34][37] In addition to the "mismanaged"[35] schedule, the show's budget was "seriously slashed"[34] and Nichelle Nichols described the series' eventual cancellation as "a self-fulfilling prophecy".[38]

Star Trek's final, 24-episode season began in September 1968 with "Spock's Brain".[2] The third season also includes "The Tholian Web", where Kirk becomes trapped between universes; this episode would later be revisited by two 2005 episodes of the prequel series Star Trek: Enterprise. The last episode of the series, "Turnabout Intruder", aired on June 3, 1969,[2] but Star Trek would eventually return to television in animated form when the animated Star Trek debuted in September 1973.

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleStardate[11]Directed byWritten byOriginal air date[2]Prod.
code
561"Spock's Brain"5431.4Marc DanielsLee Cronin[D]September 20, 1968 (1968-09-20)61
572"The Enterprise Incident"5027.3John Meredyth LucasD. C. FontanaSeptember 27, 1968 (1968-09-27)59
583"The Paradise Syndrome"4842.6Jud TaylorMargaret ArmenOctober 4, 1968 (1968-10-04)58
594"And the Children Shall Lead"5029.5Marvin ChomskyEdward J. LaksoOctober 11, 1968 (1968-10-11)60
605"Is There in Truth No Beauty?"5630.7Ralph SenenskyJean Lisette AroesteOctober 18, 1968 (1968-10-18)62
616"Spectre of the Gun"4385.3Vincent McEveetyLee Cronin[D]October 25, 1968 (1968-10-25)56
627"Day of the Dove"5630.3Marvin ChomskyJerome BixbyNovember 1, 1968 (1968-11-01)66
638"For the World Is Hollow and I Have Touched the Sky"5476.3Tony LeaderRik VollaertsNovember 8, 1968 (1968-11-08)65
649"The Tholian Web"5693.2Herb WallersteinJudy Burns and Chet RichardsNovember 15, 1968 (1968-11-15)64
6510"Plato's Stepchildren"5784.2David AlexanderMeyer DolinskyNovember 22, 1968 (1968-11-22)67
6611"Wink of an Eye"5710.5Jud TaylorTeleplay: Arthur Heinemann
Story: Lee Cronin[D]
November 29, 1968 (1968-11-29)68
6712"The Empath"5121.5John ErmanJoyce MuskatDecember 6, 1968 (1968-12-06)63
6813"Elaan of Troyius"4372.5John Meredyth LucasJohn Meredyth LucasDecember 20, 1968 (1968-12-20)57
6914"Whom Gods Destroy"5718.3Herb WallersteinTeleplay: Lee Erwin
Story: Lee Erwin and Jerry Sohl
January 3, 1969 (1969-01-03)71
7015"Let That Be Your Last Battlefield"5730.2Jud TaylorTeleplay: Oliver Crawford
Story: Lee Cronin[D]
January 10, 1969 (1969-01-10)70
7116"The Mark of Gideon"5423.4Jud TaylorGeorge F. Slavin and Stanley AdamsJanuary 17, 1969 (1969-01-17)72
7217"That Which Survives"UnknownHerb WallersteinTeleplay: John Meredyth Lucas
Story: Michael Richards[E]
January 24, 1969 (1969-01-24)69
7318"The Lights of Zetar"5725.3Herb KenwithJeremy Tarcher and Shari LewisJanuary 31, 1969 (1969-01-31)73
7419"Requiem for Methuselah"5843.7Murray GoldenJerome BixbyFebruary 14, 1969 (1969-02-14)76
7520"The Way to Eden"5832.3David AlexanderTeleplay: Arthur Heinemann
Story: Michael Richards[E] and Arthur Heinemann
February 21, 1969 (1969-02-21)75
7621"The Cloud Minders"5818.4Jud TaylorTeleplay: Margaret Armen
Story: David Gerrold and Oliver Crawford
February 28, 1969 (1969-02-28)74
7722"The Savage Curtain"5906.4Herschel DaughertyTeleplay: Arthur Heinemann and Gene Roddenberry
Story: Gene Roddenberry
March 7, 1969 (1969-03-07)77
7823"All Our Yesterdays"5943.7Marvin ChomskyJean Lisette AroesteMarch 14, 1969 (1969-03-14)78
7924"Turnabout Intruder"5928.5Herb WallersteinTeleplay: Arthur Singer
Story: Gene Roddenberry
June 3, 1969 (1969-06-03)79

Production order

The list below details the series' episodes in production order, including the original series pilot, "The Cage". While the "complete season" DVD releases (listed above) follow the original broadcast order, the original episodic DVD releases[10] are numbered by production order.[39]

British transmission

Star Trek was first broadcast in the UK on BBC One starting on July 12, 1969 with the episode "Where No Man Has Gone Before". The first episode broadcast in color was "Arena" on November 15, 1969. The running order was very different from the US original with the episodes being shown in four seasons between 1969 and 1971. The Cage was first transmitted on Sky One in July 1990 and three episodes, "Plato's Stepchildren", "The Empath" and "Whom Gods Destroy" were not broadcast on the BBC until early 1994. Sky One were the first to show them in their run that started in 1990 (though Sky were supplied with the BBC edited versions of the series) and tellingly the three "banned" episodes were the only ones that had the opening titles in the right place, having never been shown by the BBC although "The Empath" is listed for transmission on Wednesday December 16, 1970 at 7.20pm in the Radio Times.[40]

The BBC broadcast versions of the episodes differed from the way they had been shown in America. The opening elements of each episode were transposed so that the title sequence was the first thing seen, followed by the teaser, and then into the rest of the episode without a pause. These prints were used up until the 1990s but for their new run the BBC were supplied with NTSC tape transfers instead of new film prints. This resulted in the odd blurry appearance that viewers were getting used to on new US shows at the time. Season one was shown and at least some episodes had edits that matched the syndication cuts of the US episodes "The Menagerie" Part 1 for instance. Viewers complained and the BBC obtained film prints from season two, although for some reason the old edited version of "The Deadly Years" was shown in the first '90s repeat.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A. 'Nathan Butler' is a pseudonym for Jerry Sohl.
  2. ^ B. 'Jud Crucis' is a pseudonym for Don Ingalls.
  3. ^ C. 'John Kingsbridge' is a pseudonym for John T. Dugan.
  4. ^ D. 'Lee Cronin' is a pseudonym for Gene L. Coon.
  5. ^ E. 'Michael Richards' is a pseudonym for D. C. Fontana.

References

  1. Okuda, Michael and Denise (1999). The Star Trek Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Pocket Books. p. 463. ISBN 0-671-53609-5.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Trimble, Bjo (1976). Star Trek Concordance. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 37–89. ISBN 0-345-25137-7.
  3. "Star Trek: Season 1 DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  4. "Star Trek: Season 2 DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  5. 1 2 "Star Trek: Season 3 DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  6. "Star Trek: Season 1 (Remastered) DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  7. "Star Trek: Season 2 (Remastered) DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  8. 1 2 "Star Trek: Season 3 (Remastered) DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  9. "CBS & Paramount Announce First Star Trek Blu-ray sets - TOS S1 & All TOS movies coming April/May". TrekMovie.com. February 16, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  10. 1 2 "Star Trek on DVD, Release Info, Reviews, News at TVShowsOnDVD.com". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Trimble, Bjo (1976). Star Trek Concordance. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-345-25137-7.
  12. "Star Trek Syndication Advertisements, Circa 1969-1970". TelevisionObscurities.com. December 15, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
  13. "Star Trek (U.S. Science Fiction)". Museum.tv (The Museum of Broadcast Communication). Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  14. "It's Official: Classic Trek Coming to HDTV With New CGI". TrekMovie.com. August 30, 2006. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  15. "TOS Remastered: Format". TrekMovie.com. August 30, 2006. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
  16. "Star Trek: The Original Series - Season 1 Blu-ray". blu-ray.com. April 28, 2009. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
  17. 1 2 "TOS Remastered Episode Guide - Season 1". TrekMovie.com. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  18. "First Look: Preview for Star Trek Remastered "The Cage" Airing Next Weekend". TrekMovie.com. April 22, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  19. David Alexander, Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry, p. 218.
  20. Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 119. ISBN 0-312-37265-5.
  21. David Alexander, Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry, p. 244.
  22. 1 2 3 Alexander, David (1994). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry. Roc. ISBN 0-451-45440-5.
  23. 1 2 Whitfield, Stephen E & Roddenberry, Gene (1968). The Making of Star Trek. Ballatine Books. ISBN 1-85286-363-3.
  24. 1 2 3 "A Look Back at The History of Star Trek's First Pilot "The Cage"". TrekWeb.com. November 12, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
  25. "Volume 40: Turnabout Intruder/The Cage". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
  26. 1 2 Both the original Season 3 and "remastered" Season 3 sets list the original air date for "The Cage" as October 15, 1988.
  27. DVD News
  28. 1 2 "Star Trek: Episodes (Season 1)". StarTrek.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
  29. Leonard Nimoy (1995). I Am Spock. Hyperion. p. 38. ISBN 0-7868-6182-7.
  30. Herbert F. Solow and Robert H. Justman (1996). Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-00974-5.
  31. Grace Lee Whitney and Jim Denney. The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy. Quill Driver Books. ISBN 1-884956-03-3.
  32. Entertainment Weekly Special Edition January 18, 1995
  33. "1968 Hugo Awards". TheHugoAwards.org. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
  34. 1 2 3 4 Leonard Nimoy (1995). I Am Spock. Hyperion. pp. 112–113. ISBN 0-7868-6182-7.
  35. 1 2 3 4 Shatner, William (2008). Up Till Now: The Autobiography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. pp. 131–132. ISBN 0-312-37265-5.
  36. David Gerrold, quoting Bjo Trimble, in The World of Star Trek, Ballantine Books, 1973, pp 166
  37. William Shatner, Star Trek Memories, Harper Torch, 1994 paperback, p.257
  38. Nichols, Beyond Uhura, p.189
  39. "StarTrek.com: DVD". StarTrek.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  40. Fulton, Roger (1997). The Encyclopedia of TV Science Fiction. London: Boxtree. pp. 429–440. ISBN 0-7522-1150-1.

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