List of Jewish American politicians

This is a list of notable Jewish American politicians, arranged chronologically. For other notable Jewish Americans, see List of Jewish Americans.

Federal government

Senators

Current senators

State Class Senator Name Party Prior public office/position Education Assumed office Date of birth Term expires
California 1 Feinstein, DianneDianne Feinstein Democratic Mayor of San Francisco, San Francisco Board of Supervisors Stanford University (B.A.)November 10, 1992June 22, 1933January 3, 2019
California 3 Boxer, BarbaraBarbara Boxer Democratic U.S. House, Marin County Board of Supervisors Brooklyn College (B.A.)January 3, 1993November 11, 1940January 3, 2017
Colorado 3 Bennet, MichaelMichael Bennet Democratic Denver Public Schools Superintendent Wesleyan University (B.A.)
Yale University (J.D.)		January 21, 2009November 28, 1964January 3, 2017
Connecticut 3 Blumenthal, RichardRichard Blumenthal Democratic Connecticut Attorney General, Connecticut Senate, Connecticut House of Representatives Harvard University (B.A.)
Trinity College, Cambridge (attended)
Yale University (J.D.) 		January 5, 2011 February 13, 1946 January 3, 2017
Hawaii 3 Schatz, BrianBrian Schatz Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, Hawaii House of Representatives Pomona College (B.A.)December 26, 2012October 20, 1972January 3, 2017
Maryland 1 Cardin, BenBen Cardin Democratic U.S. House, Maryland House of Delegates University of Pittsburgh (B.A.)
University of Maryland, Baltimore (J.D.) 		January 3, 2007October 5, 1943January 3, 2019
Minnesota 3 Franken, AlAl Franken Democratic Harvard College (B.A.)July 7, 2009May 21, 1951January 3, 2019
New York 3 Schumer, ChuckChuck Schumer Democratic U.S. House, New York State Assembly Harvard University (A.B.; J.D.)January 3, 1999November 23, 1950January 3, 2017
Oregon 3 Wyden, RonRon Wyden Democratic U.S. House University of California, Santa Barbara (attended)
Stanford University (B.A.)
University of Oregon (J.D.)		February 6, 1996May 3, 1949January 3, 2017
Vermont 1 Sanders, BernieBernie Sanders Democratic[1][2] Mayor of Burlington, U.S. House Brooklyn College (attended)
University of Chicago (B.A.)		January 3, 2007September 8, 1941January 3, 2019

Former senators

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Representatives

Current representatives

District Name Party Religion Prior experience Education Assumed office Born in Notes
California 28 Schiff, AdamAdam Schiff[9] Democratic Judaism California State Senate, Assistant Prosecutor for the United States Attorney for the Southern District of California Stanford University
Harvard University 		2001 1960
California 30 Sherman, BradBrad Sherman[10] Democratic Jewish California Board of Equalization University of California, Los Angeles
Harvard Law School 		1997 1954
California 47 Lowenthal, AlanAlan Lowenthal[11] Democratic Jewish California State Senate, California State Assembly Ohio State University
Hobart College 		2013 1941
California 53 Davis, SusanSusan Davis[12] Democratic Jewish California State Assembly University of California, Berkeley
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 		2001 1944
Colorado 2 Polis, JaredJared Polis[13] Democratic Jewish Colorado State Board of Education, Internet Executive Princeton University 2009 1975 First openly gay man elected as a freshman
Florida 9 Grayson, AlanAlan Grayson[11] Democratic Jewish U.S. House Harvard University 2013 1958
Florida 21 Deutch, TedTed Deutch[14] Democratic Jewish Florida Senate University of Michigan
University of Michigan Law School 		2010* 1966
Florida 22 Frankel, LoisLois Frankel[11] Democratic Jewish West Palm Beach mayor Boston University
Georgetown University Law Center 		2013 1948
Florida 23 Wasserman Schultz, DebbieDebbie Wasserman Schultz[15] Democratic Jewish Florida Senate, Florida House of Representatives University of Florida 2005 1966 Former Chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee
Illinois 9 Schakowsky, JanJan Schakowsky Democratic Jewish Illinois House of Representatives University of Illinois 1999 1944 Democratic leadership as a Chief Deputy Whip
Kentucky 3 Yarmuth, JohnJohn Yarmuth[16] Democratic Jewish Newspaper Publisher, Vice-President for University Relations University of Louisville Yale University 2007 1947 First Jewish congressman from Kentucky
Michigan 9 Levin, SanderSander Levin[17] Democratic Jewish U.S. Government administrator University of Chicago
Columbia University
Harvard Law School 		1983 1931 Former chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means
New York 1 Zeldin, LeeLee Zeldin[11] Republican Jewish New York Senate University at Albany, SUNY
Albany Law School 		2015 1980
New York 3 Israel, SteveSteve Israel[9] Democratic Jewish Huntington Town Board George Washington University 2001 1958 Chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
New York 10 Nadler, JerroldJerrold Nadler[18] Democratic Jewish New York State Assembly Columbia University
Fordham University 		1992* 1947
New York 16 Engel, EliotEliot Engel[19] Democratic Jewish high school teacher, New York State Assembly Lehman College
New York Law School 		1989 1947
New York 17 Lowey, NitaNita Lowey[20] Democratic Jewish New York Assistant Secretary of State Mount Holyoke College 1989 1937 First female and second chairperson of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
Rhode Island 1 Cicilline, DavidDavid Cicilline[11] Democratic Jewish Mayor of Providence Brown University
Georgetown University Law Center 		2011 1961
Tennessee 9 Cohen, SteveSteve Cohen[21] Democratic Jewish Tennessee Senate, Attorney Vanderbilt University
University of Memphis 		2007 1949 First Jewish congressman from Tennessee

Members-elect

District Name Party Religion Prior experience Education Assuming office Born in Notes
Illinois 10 Schneider, BradBrad Schneider[22] Democratic Jewish Former Member of Congress Northwestern 2017 1961
Maryland 8 Raskin, JamieJamie Raskin[22] Democratic Jewish Maryland Senate Harvard University
Harvard Law School 		2017 1962
New Jersey 5 Gottheimer, JoshJosh Gottheimer[22] Democratic Jewish Speechwriter for President Bill Clinton University of Pennsylvania
Harvard Law School 		2017 1975
Nevada 3 Rosen, JackyJacky Rosen[22] Democratic Jewish University of Minnesota 2017 1957
Tennessee 8 Kustoff, DavidDavid Kustoff[22] Republican Jewish Former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee University of Memphis 2017 1966

Former representatives

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Supreme Court justices

Current justices

Name Born Appt. by Age at appt. First day /
Length of service		 Previous positions

Ginsburg, Ruth BaderRuth Bader Ginsburg

 March 15, 1933
(age 83)
in Brooklyn, New York		 Clinton, BillBill Clinton 60 August 10, 1993
23 years, 3 months		 Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1980–1993); General Counsel, American Civil Liberties Union (1973–1980); Professor, Columbia Law School (1972–1980); Professor, Rutgers University School of Law (1963–1972)

Breyer, StephenStephen Breyer

 August 15, 1938
(age 78)
in San Francisco, California		 Clinton, BillBill Clinton 55 August 3, 1994
22 years, 4 months		 Chief Judge, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1990–1994); Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1980–1990); Professor, Harvard Law School (1967–1980)

Kagan, ElenaElena Kagan

 April 28, 1960
(age 56)
in New York, New York		 Obama, BarackBarack Obama 50 August 7, 2010
6 years, 4 months		 Solicitor General of the United States (2009–2010); Dean of Harvard Law School (2003–2009); Professor, Harvard Law School (2001–2003); Visiting Professor, Harvard Law School (1999–2001); Associate White House Counsel (1995–1999); Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (1995–1999); Professor, University of Chicago Law School (1995); Associate Professor, University of Chicago Law School (1991–1995)

Former justices

Name Born Died Appt. by Retired under Age at appt. First day Date of retirement

Louis Brandeis

 November 13, 1856
in Louisville, Kentucky		 October 5, 1941
in Washington, D.C.		 Woodrow Wilson Franklin D. Roosevelt 55 June 1, 1916 February 13, 1939

Benjamin Cardozo

 May 24, 1870
in New York, New York		 July 9, 1938
in Port Chester, New York		 Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt 61 March 2, 1932 July 9, 1938

Felix Frankfurter

 November 15, 1882
in Vienna, Austria-Hungary		 February 22, 1965
in Washington, D.C.		 Franklin D. Roosevelt John F. Kennedy 56 January 20, 1939 August 28, 1962

Arthur Goldberg

 August 8, 1908
in Chicago, Illinois		 January 19, 1990
in Washington, D.C.		 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson 53 September 28, 1962 July 26, 1965

Abe Fortas

 June 19, 1910
in Memphis, Tennessee		 April 5, 1982
in Washington, D.C.		 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 55 October 4, 1965 May 14, 1969

Cabinet officials

Current Cabinet secretaries

Office Secretary Name Assumed office Date of birth Prior public office/position Education
Secretary of the Treasury Lew, JackJack Lew February 28, 2013August 29, 1955 White House Chief of Staff, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Harvard University (A.B.)
Georgetown University (J.D.)
Secretary of Commerce Pritzker, PennyPenny Pritzker June 26, 2013May 2, 1959 None (businesswoman) Harvard University (A.B.)
Stanford University (J.D.)

Current Cabinet-level officials

Office Name Assumed office Date of birth Prior public office/position Education
United States Trade Representative Froman, MichaelMichael Froman June 21, 2013August 20, 1962 Chief of Staff to the Secretary of the Treasury, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Eurasia and the Middle East Princeton University (A.B.)
Oxford University (DPhil)
Harvard University (J.D.)
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Furman, JasonJason Furman August 2, 2013August 18, 1970 Special Assistant to the President for Economic Policy in the Clinton Administration Harvard University
London School of Economics

State government

Governors

Current governors

State Governor Name Party Assumed office Term expires Notes
Delaware Markell, JackJack Markell[50] Democratic January 20, 2009 January 17, 2017 Former Chairperson of the National Governors Association
Former Chairperson of the Democratic Governors Association
Vermont Shumlin, PeterPeter Shumlin[51] Democratic January 6, 2011 January 6, 2017 Vermont House of Representatives
Former President pro tempore of the Vermont State Senate

Governor-Elect

State Governor Name Party Assuming office Term expires Notes
Missouri Greitens, EricEric Greitens[22] Republican January 9, 2017 January 11, 2021 No Previous Positions Held

Former governors

Name Party State Term Other Public Office/Position Note
Moses Alexander[52] Democratic Idaho 1915-1919 Mayor of Boise, Idaho Idaho's first and so far only Jewish governor
Simon Bamberger[53] Democratic Utah 1917-1921 First non-Mormon, first Democrat, and first and to date only person of Jewish heritage to be elected governor of the state of Utah
Washington Bartlett[54] Democratic California 1887 Mayor of San Francisco California's first and so far only Jewish governor
David Emanuel[55] Democratic-Republican Georgia 1801 Emanuel is considered to be the first Jew elected to public office in the South and the first Jewish governor of any U.S. state, although he may not have been an openly practicing Jew. As an adult he became a Presbyterian, confusing later researchers about his identity, but modern historians accept that he was Jewish.[55]
Neil Goldschmidt[56] Democratic Oregon 1987-1991 United States Secretary of Transportation
Mayor of Portland, Oregon
Ernest Gruening[57] Democratic Territory of Alaska 1939-1953 United States Senator
Henry Horner[58] Democratic Illinois 1933-1940 Illinois' first Jewish governor
Madeleine Kunin[59] Democratic Vermont 1985-1991 United States Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Lieutenant Governor of Vermont		 Vermont's first and, to date, only female and Jewish governor
Herbert H. Lehman[60] Democratic New York 1933-1942 United States Senator
Lieutenant Governor of New York
Frank Licht[61] Democratic Rhode Island 1969-1973 Associate Justice of the Rhode Island Superior Court
Member of the Rhode Island Senate 		Rhode Island's first Jewish governor
Linda Lingle[62] Republican Hawaii 2002-2010 Mayor of Maui Hawaii's first and, to date, only female and Jewish governor
Marvin Mandel[63] Democratic Maryland 1969-1979 Maryland's first and to date only Jewish governor
Julius Meier[64] Independent Oregon 1931-1935 Oregon's first Jewish governor
Ed Rendell[65] Democratic Pennsylvania 2003-2011 Mayor of Philadelphia
Abraham Ribicoff[66] Democratic Connecticut 1955-1961 United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
United States Senator
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives		 Connecticut's first and to date only Jewish governor
Edward S. Salomon[67][68] Republican Washington Territory 1870-1872
Arthur Seligman[69] Democratic New Mexico 1937-1933 New Mexico's first native-born, non-Hispanic, governor of Jewish ancestry
Samuel H. Shapiro[70] Democratic Illinois 1968-1969 Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
Milton Shapp[71] Democratic Pennsylvania 1971-1979 Pennsylvania's first Jewish governor
Eliot Spitzer[72] Democratic New York 2007-2008 New York Attorney General
Bruce Sundlun[73] Democratic Rhode Island 1991-1995

Lieutenant governors

Current lieutenant governors

State Governor Name Party Assumed office Term expires Prior public office/position
Connecticut Wyman, NancyNancy Wyman[74] Democrat January 5, 2011 2019 Comptroller of Connecticut

| || Florida || Republican || |}

Former lieutenant governors

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Municipal government

Mayors of major cities

Current mayors of major cities

City State Mayor Name Party Assumed office Term expires Prior public office/position
Anchorage Alaska Ethan Berkowitz[80] Democratic July 1, 2015 2019 Member of Alaska House of Representatives
Austin Texas Steve Adler[81] Democratic January 6, 2015 2019
Burlington Vermont Miro Weinberger[82] Democratic April 2, 2012 2016
Chattanooga Tennessee Andy Berke[83] Democratic April 15, 2013 2017 Member of the Tennessee Senate
Chicago Illinois Rahm Emanuel[30] Democratic May 16, 2011 2019 White House Chief of Staff
U.S. House
Jersey City New Jersey Steven Fulop[84] Democratic July 1, 2013 2017 Jersey City Councilman
Las Vegas Nevada Carolyn Goodman[85] Independent July 6, 2011 2019
Los Angeles California Eric Garcetti[86] Democratic July 1, 2013 2017 President of the Los Angeles City Council
Los Angeles City Councilman
Madison Wisconsin Paul Soglin[87] Democratic April 19, 2011 2019
Oakland California Libby Schaaf Democratic January 5, 2015 2019 Member of Oakland City Council
St. Petersburg Florida Rick Kriseman[88] Democratic January 2, 2014 2017 Member of the Florida House of Representatives
Tucson Arizona Jonathan Rothschild[89] Democratic December 5, 2011 2015

Former mayors of major cities

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Presidential candidates

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Meckler, Laura and Nicholas, Peter. "Questions Loom About Bernie Sanders Qualifying for First Democratic Primary", Wall Street Journal (November 4, 2015).
  2. ↑ Ronayne, Kathleen (November 5, 2015). "Sanders declares as Democrat in NH primary". Burlington Free Press.
  3. 1 2 "Ousted Senator Apologizes for Letter to Jews". November 10, 1990. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Congressional Republicans: Nobody Here But Us Christians". June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  5. 1 2 Norm Coleman
  6. ↑ "Retired Sen. Joe Lieberman Discusses His Jewish Faith". February 11, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  7. ↑ "Frank Lautenberg, Proud Jew Who Didn't Want To Be a 'Jewish Senator'". June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Ribicoff of Connecticut Dies; Governor and Senator Was 87". The New York Times. February 23, 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  9. 1 2 Sharon Samber (November 10, 2000). "New faces offset losses as Jews gain seats in Congress". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  10. ↑ Sharon Samber (November 8, 2002). "Jewish minyan grows in Senate; Jew elected to House". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 J.J. Goldberg (November 4, 2010). "Rite of Returns: Jews Who Ran for Congress — Winners & Losers". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  12. ↑ Stuart Rothenberg (November 2, 2000). "Top House races of 2000". CNN. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  13. ↑ "Three New Jewish Members of Congress". The Jewish Federations of North America. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  14. ↑ Ron Kampeas (April 21, 2010). "Ted Deutch, a most Jewish speech from the most Jewish district". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  15. ↑ "Elections 2006 AP Coverage: Debbie Wasserman Schultz (Dem)". Associated Press. November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  16. ↑ Shmuel Rosner (November 5, 2006). "Louisville's Jews vote Democratic – but not because the candidate's Jewish". Haaretz. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  17. ↑ "Elections 2006 AP Coverage". Associated Press. November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  18. ↑ "Jerrold Nadler (D-NY-8)". CNN. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  19. ↑ Kandea Mosley (September 12, 2000). "A Rumble in the Bronx Feuding Politicos Pull No Punches in Congressional Race". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  20. ↑ Jennifer Jacobson (October 23, 2006). "Jewish women on rise in Congress". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  21. ↑ Woody Baird (November 7, 2006). "Congressional incumbents re-elected, Cohen takes lead in Memphis". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.jpost.com/Us-Election-Results/Who-are-Americas-Jewish-senators-and-congressmen-472119
  23. ↑ "Anthony C. Beilenson". Los Angeles Times. April 18, 1988. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Brad Sherman defeats Howard Berman after bitter fight". Los Angeles Times. November 7, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Eric Cantor Didn't Lose Because He's Jewish. But His Religion Has Caused Difficulties in Congress". The New Republic. June 11, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  26. 1 2 http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AZ/jewish.html
  27. ↑ "After career in Congress, Peter Deutsch finds new life in Israel". July 17, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  28. ↑ Retrieved from the Atlantic website May 5, 2010
  29. ↑ Stone, Kurt F. "The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members, (2011). Pages 313–320. ISBN 9780810857315.
  30. 1 2 Steve Hendrix (August 22, 2006). "Fighting for the Spoils Lawmaker and Rainmaker Rahm Emanuel Wants a Nov. 7 Victory for the Democrats So Bad He Can Almost Taste It. If Only He Had Time to Eat.". Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  31. 1 2 "New Jewish Mayor of San Diego Has Dubious Record on Israel". Los Angeles Times. November 9, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  32. ↑ "Hoeffel, Fox Attempt To Sway Jewish Vote at a Debate at a Jewish Community Center They Agreed on Aid For Israel. They Clashed on Other Issues.". November 4, 1996. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  33. ↑ Frost, Martin (May 15, 2009). "Jewish pols, players emerging". Politico. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  34. ↑ "Criticism of Hagel out of proportion". January 9, 1988. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  35. ↑ Jennifer Siegel (September 22, 2006). "A Tribe of Candidates Leads Drive To Retake House for Democrats". The Forward. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  36. 1 2 Stone, Kurt F. "The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members, (2011). Pages 310–312. ISBN 9780810857315.
  37. ↑ Cillizza, Chris (June 3, 2010). "Rep. Jane Harman aims to avoid anti-incumbent tide". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  38. 1 2 https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/JHouseman.html
  39. 1 2 http://forward.com/news/170527/ed-koch-fiercely-secular-jew-takes-unique-new-york/
  40. ↑ http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/FL/jewish.html
  41. ↑ http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AL/jewish.html
  42. ↑ Stone, Kurt F. "The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members, (2011). Pages 298–299. ISBN 9780810857315.
  43. ↑
  44. ↑ Tom Tugend (January 26, 2001). "Undefeated Champion Rep. Henry Waxman wants to help Democrats". The Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on October 27, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
  45. ↑ Kampeas, Ron (October 15, 2009). "Wexler leaves Congress, and leaves Washington wondering why". JTA. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  46. ↑ "WEINER, Anthony D. – Biographical Information". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  47. ↑ "Anthony Weiner – New York's 9th District". Biography of Congressman Anthony Weiner. weiner.house.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-09-02. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  48. ↑ "Sidney R. Yates Dies at 91; Congressman Supported Arts". October 8, 2000. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Lautenberg Picked in New Jersey; Familiar and Beloved Face for Jews". October 3, 2002. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  50. ↑ "Delaware Governor Works to Strengthen Ties With Israel / Bio". Haaretz. 2013.
  51. ↑ "SHUMLIN RETURNS: The VDB Sit-Down / Bio". Vermont Daily Briefing. 2007.
  52. 1 2 http://www.jmaw.org/alexander-jewish-idaho/
  53. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Bamberger.html
  54. ↑ http://governors.library.ca.gov/16-bartlett.html
  55. 1 2 http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/david-emanuel-ca-1744-1808
  56. 1 2 http://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0124/012461.html
  57. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Gruening.html
  58. ↑ http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_illinois/col2-content/main-content-list/title_horner_henry.html
  59. ↑ http://jwa.org/thisweek/nov/07/1984/madeleine-kunin
  60. ↑ http://www.jta.org/1963/12/06/archive/herbert-h-lehman-dies-in-new-york-mourned-by-jewry-funeral-sunday
  61. ↑ http://www.riheritagehalloffame.org/inductees_detail.cfm?crit=det&iid=41
  62. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/linglelinda.html
  63. ↑ http://www.jta.org/1969/01/08/archive/marvin-mandel-named-maryland-governor-replacing-agnew-active-in-jewish-community
  64. ↑ http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/meier_julius_l_1874_1937_/
  65. ↑ http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/60829/ex-governor-rendell-ponders-reconnecting-to-jewish-roots/
  66. ↑ http://connecticuthistory.org/abraham-ribicoff-kennedy-confidant-and-connecticuts-first-jewish-governor/
  67. ↑ http://www.jmaw.org/edward-salomon-jewish-washington-state/
  68. ↑ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~npmelton/sfbsalo.htm
  69. ↑ http://newmexicohistory.org/people/seligman-arthur
  70. ↑ http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_illinois/col2-content/main-content-list/title_shapiro_samuel.html
  71. ↑ http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/mg/mg309.htm
  72. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/EliotSpitzer.html
  73. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/us/23sundlun.html?_r=0
  74. ↑ "2010 "Jewish Movers & Shakers" Announced". Hartford Courant. 2013.
  75. 1 2 "Lt. Gov. Abramson says he won't seek Kentucky governor's office in 2015". Lexington Herald-Leader. August 6, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  76. ↑ "State Republican Officials to Watch in 2013". Governing.com. 2010.
  77. ↑ http://www.universitysynagogue.org/that-was-the-jewish-year-that-was-2012/
  78. ↑ "What Is Lee Fisher's Religion?". Politics Daily. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  79. 1 2 http://www.stljewishlight.com/blogs/cohn/article_26c0f0fa-2e7a-11e2-88ae-001a4bcf887a.html
  80. ↑ ww.adn.com/article/20150701/berkowitz-sworn-anchorage-mayor-downtown-ceremony
  81. ↑ http://www.thejewishoutlook.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1507&Itemid=58
  82. ↑ http://www.7dvt.com/2012miro-weinberger-development-record/
  83. ↑ http://www.bjf.org/daily-updates/669-alison-lebovitz-on-chattanoogas-new-jewish-mayor-israeli-drs-help-treat-bombing-suspect.html
  84. ↑ http://jstandard.com/content/item/jersey_city_boy
  85. ↑ http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/63873/double-down/
  86. ↑ "The Fix". The Washington Post.
  87. ↑ http://host.madison.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/paul-soglin-wants-to-continue-work-on-finances-poverty-and/article_4d111c57-589e-58a2-979e-c3de5b7a2ec9.html
  88. ↑ http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-mayor-bars-trump-from-st-petersburg/
  89. ↑ http://azjewishlife.com/tucson-mayor-jonathan-rothschild-tikkun-olam-drives-him-to-lead/
  90. ↑ http://www.aronovitzlaw.com/archives-of-abe-aronovitz-former-miami-mayor-to-be-preserved/
  91. ↑ http://www.jta.org/1930/07/08/archive/harry-bacharach-to-become-mayor-of-atlantic-city
  92. ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=9R9KwRsMB-0C&pg=PA58&dq=%22Martin+Behrman%27s+Background%22&cd=1&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Martin%20Behrman's%20Background%22&f=false
  93. ↑ "Michael Bloomberg". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  94. ↑ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19790328&id=dI5QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9BEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6050,6042907&hl=en
  95. 1 2 https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Minnesota.html
  96. ↑ http://jewishtimes.com/16717/former-annapolis-mayor-josh-cohen-takes-new-state-post/news/
  97. ↑ http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/AK/jewish.html
  98. ↑ http://andjusticeforall.dconc.gov/gallery_images/emanuel-j-mutt-evans-first-jewish-mayor-1951-1963/
  99. ↑ http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/jewish.html
  100. ↑ http://www.sptimes.com/2005/09/25/news_pf/Northoftampa/Group_stays_true_to_w.shtml
  101. ↑ http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/statesman/obituary.aspx?pid=88872517
  102. ↑ http://atlantajewishtimes.com/2015/04/eva-galambos-jewish-mother-to-an-entire-city/
  103. ↑ http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=95
  104. ↑ http://sdcitybeat.com/print-article-9277-permanent.html
  105. ↑ https://www.radioislam.org/islam/english/jewishp/usa/bushsadm-tjw.htm
  106. ↑ http://forward.com/news/13849/phoenix-mayor-challenges-popular-sheriff-s-anti-02249/
  107. ↑ http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harris7.html#750.95.63
  108. ↑ http://jwa.org/thisweek/feb/11/1976/adlene-harrison
  109. ↑ http://www.jta.org/2013/04/25/news-opinion/the-telegraph/secret-history-of-jewish-portland-revealed
  110. ↑ http://articles.philly.com/2008-01-05/news/25254989_1_casino-gambling-atlantic-city-referendum
  111. ↑ http://www.vqronline.org/essay/out-context-new-york-jew-new-south
  112. ↑ Zachariah J. Loussac
  113. ↑ http://www.csmonitor.com/1988/0509/afill09.html
  114. ↑ http://www.jta.org/1969/10/23/archive/sam-h-massell-jr-41-year-old-jew-is-elected-mayor-of-atlanta
  115. ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/10/30/romney-falling-victim-to-voters-religious-discrimination.html
  116. ↑ http://wavy.com/2015/03/13/former-vb-mayor-meyera-oberndorf-dies-at-age-74/
  117. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0004_0_04316.html
  118. ↑ http://amarillo.com/stories/2005/10/23/opi_3063294.shtml#.Vur2o-IrJD8
  119. ↑ http://trailblazersblog.dallasnews.com/2008/05/the-chosen-people.html/
  120. ↑ http://www.jmaw.org/simon-jewish-oregon/
  121. ↑ http://www.thejc.com/arts/arts-interviews/jerry-springer-i-was-a-poor-refugee%E2%80%99
  122. ↑ http://jwa.org/thisweek/apr/18/1987/annette-greenfield-strauss
  123. ↑ http://www.sfhistoryencyclopedia.com/articles/j/jews.html
  124. ↑ http://savannahnow.com/news/2012-08-13/susan-weiner-first-female-mayor-savannah-dies-66
  125. ↑ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Zorinsky.html
  126. ↑ http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2000-08-09/news/0008090070_1_barry-goldwater-jewish-heritage-jewish-parent
  127. ↑ Guttman, Nathan (10 February 2016). "After Bernie Sanders Landslide in New Hampshire, Team Hillary Plans Fightback on Israel". The Forward. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
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