List of companies of Iran

This is a list of prominent companies based in Iran.

List

Sales Ranking-2008[1] Company name Industry Sales - 2001/2003/2006 (billion RLS) Sales - 2007 (billion RLS)[1] Sales - 2008 (billion RLS)[1]
N/A National Iranian Oil Company* Energy and petrochemicals -/-/464,370.453[2] 704,011[3]
1 IMIDRO Group*Mining 75,543.538 98,784.529
2 Iran Khodro Co.* Automakers and parts 74,298.1 80,260.594
3 National Petrochemical Co.* Energy and petrochemicals 42,373.1 69,450.569
4 Saipa Corp.* Automakers and parts 51,574.5 54,998.704
5 Bank Melli Iran* Banking and financial services 34,649.556 41,527.145
6 SAPCO Automakers and parts 34,902.855 40,991.34
7 Mobarakeh Steel Company Steel 22,035.8 31,720.223
8 Saderat Bank Iran* Banking and financial services 23,502.579 29,871.66
9 Parsian Bank* Banking and financial services 17,391.596 28,229.778
10 Bank Mellat* Banking and financial services 21,829.852 27,740.132
11 MCI Telecommunications 15,418.148 26,002.155
12 Sepah Bank* Banking and financial services 15,990.94 23,831.913
13 Tejarat Bank Banking and financial services 15,597.3 22,717.514
14 Bandar Imam Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 15,906.6 22,492.712
15 Iran Insurance Co. Insurance 17,249.405 19,779.068
16 National Iranian Copper Industries Co. (NICICO) Mining 16,921.7 19,403.121
17 Bank Maskan* Banking and financial services 12,524.905 17,888.198
18 Esfahan Steel Company Steel 12,077.3 17,815.85
19 Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines Co.* Transportation 10,365.528 17,197.697
20 Keshavarzi Bank* Banking and financial services 12,525.26 16,706.738
21 Sazeh Gostar Co. Automakers and parts 14,896.023 16,454.379
22 MAPNA* Utilities and infrastructure 13,562.5 14,161.924
23 Bou Ali Sina Petrochemical Industries Energy and petrochemicals 9,459.161 11,641.151
24 Khouzestan Steel Co. Steel 9,101.6 11,439.014
25 Mega Motor Co. Automakers and parts 10,700.41 11,213.18
26 Bank Melli Investment Co.* Banking and financial services 9,292.455 10,673.587
27 Iran Khodro Diesel* Automakers and parts 11,577 10,286.945
28 Behshahr Industrial Development Co.* Banking and financial services 6,974 9,788.924
29 MAPNA International FZE Utilities and infrastructure 9,612.2398 9,729.7064
30 Eghtesad Novin Bank* Banking and financial services 4,491.837 9,633.053
31 Iran Khodro Khorasan Co. Automakers and parts 4,070.2 9,434.849
32 Pars Aryan Investing Co* Banking and financial services 2,100.118 9,304.095
33 Borzouyeh Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 0 8,596.051
34 Civil Pension Fund Investment Co.*Banking and financial services 6,312.991 8,105.107
35 Zamyad Co.* Automakers and parts 5,134.3 7,429.868
36 Iran Dairy Industries Co. (PEGAH)* Beverage and food 4,530.1 7,074.793
37 Iran Khodro Investment Development* Automakers and parts 6,202.5 6,958.581
38 Pasargad Bank Banking and financial services 2,140.04 6,746.68
39 Ahwaz Pipe Mills (APM) Construction and building materials 4,398.6 6,528.821
40 Mine and Industry Bank* Banking and financial services 5,155.184 6,469.77
41 Asia Insurance Co. Insurance 5,614.297 6,383.62
42 Behpakhsh Co. Retail 4,522.4 6,352.589
43 Marun petrochemical complex Energy and petrochemicals 1,196.9 6,340.397
44 Melli Iran Exchange Co. Banking and financial services 3,067.5 6,240.742
45 AmirKabir Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 4,451.5 6,064.211
46 Pars Khodro* Automakers and parts 4,886 5,999.496
47 Omid Foreign Exchange Company Ltd. Banking and financial services 4,183.582 5,987.519
48 Bahman Group* Automakers and parts 2,544.8 5,752.101
49 Arak Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 6,210.5 5,519.077
50 Ghadir Investment Company* Banking and financial services 3,365.646 5,390.507
51 Fars and Khuzestan Cement Co.* Construction and building materials 1,922.1 5,058.2
52 Iran Melli-Sanati Steel Group (aka National Iranian Steel Company) Steel 4,116.6 4,993.386
53 Shahid Tondgooyan Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 4,189.358 4,728.802
54 Petrochemical Commercial Company International Ltd. (PCCI) Energy and petrochemicals 4134.8096 4,698.4139
55 Darou Pakhsh* Pharmaceuticals 3,981 4,683.244
56 Iran Electronics Industries (SAIRAN)* Computers and electronics 3,260.536 4,604.546
57 Sadid Industrial Group* Industrial equipment and machinery 3,149.1 4,585.413
58 Zagros Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 0 4,561.188
59 Khark Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 4,017.9 4,487.725
60 Alborz Investment Co.* Retail 3,725.6 4,487.546
61 Behshahr Industrial Co.* Beverage and food 2,831.6 4,468.257
62 Mines and Metals Development Investment Co.(P.J.S)* Mining 3,772.784 4,453.528
63 Pars Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 1,445.034 4,107.467
64 Darupakhsh Distribution Co. Pharmaceuticals 3,503.2 4,000.237
65 Khorasan Steel Complex Steel 3,070.3 3,948.86
66 Pars Darou Co.* Pharmaceuticals 2,854.9 3,847.113
67 Tooga-Mapna Turbine Engineering and Production Utilities and infrastructure 2,513.4 3,828.533
68 Pakhshe Razi Co. Pharmaceuticals 3,011.7 3,690.406
69 Iran Auto Parts Mfg. and Distribution Co. (ISACO)* Automakers and parts 3,048.784 3,668.973
70 Iran Transfo Co.* Utilities and infrastructure 2,309.1 3,565.286
71 Sina Bank Banking and financial services 2,858.609 3,484.194
72 Iran Tractor Mfg. Co.* Automakers and parts 3,186.9 3,434.786
73 Saipa Diesel* Automakers and parts 6,383.3 3,369.18
74 Dana Insurance Insurance 2,664.8 3,332.093
75 Karafarin Bank Banking and financial services 2,249.393 3,321.455
76 Pakhshe Hejrat Co. Pharmaceuticals 2,659.2 3,296.813
77 Petrochemical Industries Investment Company* Energy and petrochemicals 2,911.011 3,289.499
78 Gole-e-Gohar Iron Ore Co. Mining 2,020.8 3,254.809
79 Iran Aluminium Co. (IRALCO) Steel 2,830.7 3,188.901
80 Pasargad Oil Co. Energy and petrochemicals 2,660.9 3,108.623
81 Parsian Insurance Co. Insurance 2,469.032 3,093.933
82 Tabriz Petrochemical Co.Energy and petrochemicals 3,012.7 3,020.292
83 Chadormalu Mining and Industrial Company Mining 2,073.5 2,939.034
84 Behran Oil Co.* Energy and petrochemicals 2,328 2,898.124
85 Alborz Insurance Co.Insurance 2,357.281 2,879.787
86 Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company* Energy and petrochemicals 2,745.3 2,854.301
87 Azerbaijan Steel Complex Steel 24,08.7 2,849.354
88 HEPCO* Industrial equipment and machinery 2,082.2 2,792.044
89 Tidewater Co. Middle East Marin Services Plc* Energy and petrochemicals 1,639.859 2,734.105
90 Fanavaran Petrochemical Industries Energy and petrochemicals 1,650.1 2,549.082
91 Shahid Bahonar Copper Industries Co. Mining 1,975.9 2,450.752
92 Mehr Finance and Credit Institution Banking and financial services 1,145.791 2,433.001
93 Mahshahr Pipe Mill Construction and building materials 1,235.5 2,429.795
94 Tuka Foolad Investment* Steel 2,232.551 2,427.498
95 The International Construction Development Co.* Construction and building materials 678.9 2,351.734
96 Supplying Tractor Part Co. Automakers and parts 684.2 2,348.651
97 Iran Zinc Mines Development Co.* Mining 2,956.4 2,317.393
98 Iran Auto Parts Industrial Group(IAPCO)* Automakers and parts 2,150.311 2,311.212
99 Mehrcam Pars Co. Automakers and parts 2,246.362 2,268.387
100 Almahdi Aluminium Co. Steel 2,384.5 2,238.45
N/A ETKA Retail -/-/4,007
N/A Jahad Tosse Co.* Construction and building materials -/-/2,642
N/A Ehya Sepahan Mining and Industries Complex Co*[4] Mining -/-/2,474
N/A Calcimin (Public Co.)* Steel -/-/1,849
N/A Iran Minerals Production And Supply Co. Mining -/-/1,818
N/A Tehran Cement Co.* Construction and building materials -/-/1,792
N/A Zamzam Soft Drink Mfg. Co. & Affiliated Firms Beverage and food -/-/1,711
N/A Taam Iran Khodro Co.* Industrial equipment and machinery -/-/1,677
N/A Takado Co.* Steel -/-/1,661
N/A Nirou Mohareke Co. (Iran Power train Company)* Automakers and parts -/-/1,647
N/A Bonyad Finance & Credit Association Banking and financial services -/1,236.8/-
N/A IAP & Affiliated Firms Automakers and parts -/1,123.7/-
N/A Shomal Agricultural & Industrial Co. Beverage and food -/1108.2/-
N/A Behpak Industrial Co. Beverage and food -/1,049.5/-
N/A Pars Vegetable Oil Co. Beverage and food -/1,005.8/-
N/A Polyacryl Iran Corporation Energy and petrochemicals -/1,004.8/-
N/A Razi Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals -/997.3/-
N/A Margarine Co. Beverage and food -/992.4/-
N/A Shahid Ghandi Cable Co. Utilities and infrastructure -/975.6/-
N/A Pak Dairy Products Co. & Affiliated Firms Beverage and food -/943.6/-
N/A Mehvar Sazan Iran Khodro Co. Automakers and parts -/938.5/-
N/A Rena Investment Co. Banking and financial services -/903.5/-
N/A Paxan Corporation & Affiliated Firms Energy and petrochemicals -/850.8/-
N/A Arak Machine-building Co. Industrial equipment and machinery -/845.8/-
N/A Shahab Co. Computers and electronics -/819.0/-
N/A Iran International Engineering Co. (IRITEC) Industrial equipment and machinery -/773.5/-
N/A Kerman Tire and Rubber Co. Automakers and parts -/745.7/-
N/A Pars Electric Mfg. Co & Affiliated Firms Computers and electronics -/744.1/-
N/A Abadan Transportation & Marine Co. Transportation -/726.9/-
N/A Shiraz Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals -/700.7/-
N/A Pars Oil Co. Energy and petrochemicals -/661.7/-
N/A Azmayesh Co. Industrial equipment and machinery -/635.9/-
N/A Niroo Battery Mfg. Co. & Affiliated Firms Automakers and parts -/618.5/-
N/A Isfahan Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals -/617.9/-
N/A AZAR AB Industries Co & Affiliated Firms Industrial equipment and machinery -/591.5/-
N/A Sepahan Cement Co. Construction and building materials -/581.1/-
N/A Sugar and Byproducts Development Co. Beverage and food -/566.2/-
N/A Export Development Bank of Iran Banking and financial services -/557.8/-
N/A Sepanta Co. Construction and building materials -/544.9/-
N/A Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran* Industrial equipment and machinery 19,699.7/-/-
N/A Airlines of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Homa) Airlines 3,317.8/-/-
N/A Defense Industries Organization Aerospace and defense 2,158.6/-/-
N/A Iran Marine Industrial Co. (SADRA) Industrial equipment and machinery 661.3/-/-
N/A Dena Rubber and Tire Mfg. Co. Automakers and parts 638.7/-/-
N/A Pars Tire Co. Automakers and parts 549.8/-/-
N/A Pars Appliance Manufacturing Co. Industrial equipment and machinery 506.1/-/-
N/A IsIran Co. Computers and electronics 487.8/-/-
N/A Iran Air Tour Co. Airlines 447.2/-/-
N/A Mazandaran Wood & Paper Industries Paper and wood 435.6/-/-
N/A Alomtac Industrial Co. 387.0/-/-
N/A Arj Co. Industrial equipment and machinery 373.8/-/-
N/A Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. Energy and petrochemicals 355.6/-/-
N/A Shilat Co. Beverage and food 350.7/-/-
N/A Iran Tire Mfg. Co. Automakers and parts 340.4/-/-
N/A Khorasan Petrochemical Co. Energy and petrochemicals 339.3/-/-
N/A Kaf Co. (Darougar) Energy and petrochemicals 334.2/-/-
N/A Tolypers Co. Energy and petrochemicals 332.7/-/-
N/A Pars Khazar Co. Industrial equipment and machinery 332.0/-/-
N/A Saipa Yadak Trading Co. Automakers and parts 324.7/-/-
N/A Sasan Co. Beverage and food 323.4/-/-
N/A Iran Aseman Airlines Airlines
N/A Iran Aviation Industries Organization* Aerospace and defense
N/A Iran Shipbuilding & Offshore Industries Complex Industrial equipment and machinery
N/A Iranian Space Agency Aerospace and defense
N/A Maadiran Group Computers and electronics
N/A Sena Soft[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Dadeh-Pardazi[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Iran Argham[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Kafa System Information Network[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Iran System[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Puya[5] Computers and electronics
N/A Datak Group of Companies Internet Service Provider
N/A Pars Online Internet Service Provider
N/A Pishgaman Group Internet Service Provider
N/A Shatel Internet Service Provider
N/A Neda Rayaneh Institute[5] Internet Service Provider
N/A Telecommunication Company of Iran Telecommunications
N/A MTN Irancell Telecommunications
N/A Khatam al-Anbia* Construction and building materials
N/A Islamic Republic of Iran Railways Transportation
N/A Payam Air Transportation
N/A Tehran Metro Transportation
N/A National Iranian Tanker Company Transportation
N/A Aryasasol Energy and petrochemicals
N/A National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company Energy and petrochemicals
N/A Petropars Energy and petrochemicals
N/A PetroIran Energy and petrochemicals
N/A Naftiran Intertrade Company Energy and petrochemicals
N/A Farabi Pharmaceutical Co.[6][7] Pharmaceuticals
N/A Atomic Energy Organization of Iran Energy and petrochemicals
N/A Aabsal Industrial equipment and machinery
N/A North Drilling Energy and petrochemicals
N/A Tehran Patou[8][9] Apparel, footwear and textiles
N/A Iran Termeh[8][9] Apparel, footwear and textiles
N/A Melli Shoe[10] Apparel, footwear and textiles
N/A Shahrvand[11] Retail
N/A Refah supermarket[11] Retail
N/A Hormozal[12] Steel
N/A Dasht Morghab Group (Yek-o-Yek)[13] Beverage and food
N/A Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting Media and entertainment
N/A Tehran Stock Exchange Services Company (TSESC) Banking and financial services
N/A Iran Software & Hardware Co. (NOSA) Computers and electronics
N/A Data Processing Iran Co. Computers and electronics
N/A Telecommunication & Computer Industries Consortium Computers and electronics
N/A Parsé Semiconductor Co. Computers and electronics
N/A Hamkaran Systems[14] Computers and electronics
N/A Boof chain restaurants[13] Retail
N/A Atieh Group[15][16][17] Professional services
N/A Institute for Productivity & Human Resource Development (IPHRD) Professional services
N/A Iran Water and Power Resources Development Company[18] Utilities and infrastructure
N/A Homa Hotel Group Hospitality
N/A Hamrah Gooya Arvand Communication Company[19] Computers and electronics
N/ADesa diesel Energy and petrochemicals
N/APetrochemical Industries Design and Engineering Company (PIDEC)[20] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AZagros Petrochemical Company Energy and petrochemicals
N/ABakhtar Petrochemical Company Energy and petrochemicals
N/ARehabilitation and Maintenance of Petrochemical Company (RAMPCO) Energy and petrochemicals
N/APetrochemical Industries Erection & Construction Company (ECC)[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ASupplying Petrochemical Industries Part, Equipment And Chemical Engineering Company (SPEC)[22] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ATehran Berkeley Energy and petrochemicals
N/AKalayeh Naft Company[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AShaid Shah Abadani Industries Company (SANAM)[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ANargan Consulting Engineers[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AAfaq Ghadeer Engineering Company[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AOil Industries Engineering & Construction (OIEC)[21] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AOil Industries Development (a subsidiary of OIEC)[23] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AOriental Oil Kish Energy and petrochemicals
N/ARadira Engineering & Construction Co.[24] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AChegalesh Consulting Engineers Co.[24] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ANamavaran co.[24] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ASazeh Consultants Energy and petrochemicals
N/APayandan Energy and petrochemicals
N/AQeshm Energy Energy and petrochemicals
N/AGlobal Petro Tech Kish[25] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AGPTKish[25] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AStratus International Contracting Company[25] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AEnergy Industries Engineering and Design Co.(EIDE)[24] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AMehvar Sazan Co.[24] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AOil Design and Construction Co. (ODCC)[26] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ANational Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction Co. (NIOEC)[26] Energy and petrochemicals
N/APetro Pidar[27] Energy and petrochemicals
N/APetro Sina Arian[27] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ASepehr Energy Corporation[28] Energy and petrochemicals
N/AFarab Energy and petrochemicals
N/ASARV[29] Energy and petrochemicals
N/ADana Energy Energy
N/AParsijoo IT sector
N/ADigikala IT sector

*holding company

Methodology

Under a plan called "Top Iranian Companies" the 100 top publicly traded Iranian corporations are chosen each year based on 17 financial indices including growth in sale and dividends as well as rise in profits. In 2007 (1385), total sale of the top domestic corporations stood at over 868,200 billion rials. Sales of top 12 companies in the ranking constituted half of the total figure.

Iran Khodro has been named the top Iranian company. Based on financial 2007 statements, the giant auto manufacturer, Middle East’s largest, has been chosen among 400 state and private companies.[30] IDRO Group (IDRO), SAIPA, National Iranian Petrochemical Company and Melli Bank ranked second to fifth respectively.[30] The most profitable companies as per financial statements for 2007 were IDRO, SAIPA, National Iranian Copper Industries Company and Mobarakeh Steel Company.

The ranking has been assessed by Iran Industrial Management Company for the past 13 years. In previous rankings, the top five corporations were IDRO with an asset of 112,658 billion rials followed by Iran Khodro with an asset of 65,971 billion rials, Iran Mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization with 52,184 billion rials, SAIPA car factory with 40,528 billion rials and National Petrochemical Company with 32,024 billion rials.[30] The assets of the top 100 Iranian public corporations, which does not include major government owned corporations such as the National Iranian Oil Company and affiliated companies, Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO) affiliated companies, the Defense Industries Organization, Iran Air and the Iran Aviation Industries Organization, add up to $86 billion which is less than that of a corporation such as Microsoft.[31]

In 2011, sales totals of the top 100 Iranian companies on the list ranged from $12.8 billion for the top ranking company, Iran Khodro, to $318 million for the 100th company.[32] In 2012, total revenues generated by the top 100 companies stood at $160.6 billion.[33]

For companies not listed in the top 100, see talk page for listing criteria.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Developing 8. Developing 8. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  2. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division - Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE)". un.org.
  3. ↑ http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-AprMay09.pdf
  4. ↑ http://rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG821.pdf
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Telecoms And Technology Forecast for Iran", Economist Intelligence Unit, August 18, 2008
  6. ↑ Report: Iran Pharmaceutical Local Manufacturing Market Review (IRP00019) from. Reportbuyer.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  7. ↑ Iran Pharma. Iran-pharma.blogspot.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  8. 1 2 "Irancode Mandatory". Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
  9. 1 2 "SEC to Rule On Money Laundering Bill". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18.
  10. ↑ Retailing in Iran. Euromonitor.com. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  11. 1 2 SCT - Shopping Centers Today Online. Icsc.org. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  12. ↑ Iran's biggest aluminum plant launched. Presstv.com (2009-10-24). Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  13. 1 2 100 top Iranian brands. Payvand.com (2006-11-22). Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  14. ↑ http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Oct11.pdf
  15. ↑ Wolfensberger, Marc (2005-06-16). "Iran's Rafsanjani Is Frontrunner to Win Election (Update1)". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  16. ↑ "Press - Oil Discovery Transformed Iran". Atieh Bahar. 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  17. ↑ "Press - America's Image: How to Electrify the World". Atieh Bahar. 2008-06-22. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  18. ↑ Company Introduction. En.iwpco.ir. Retrieved on 2010-05-17.
  19. ↑ "No. 3955 | Domestic Economy | Page 4". Irandaily. 2010-03-20. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  20. ↑ "Iran boosts methanol production capacity". tehran times. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2007-09-28. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  22. ↑ http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9106060114
  23. ↑ "OIEC". Oiecgroup.com. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 "::.. NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company ..::". En.niordc.ir. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  25. 1 2 3 "Iran Oil Industry Bullish Despite Lukoil Exit". Payvand.com. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  26. 1 2 SHANA (2009-08-12). "Hormoz Heavy Oil Refinery to Operate in 40 Months". Shana.ir. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  27. 1 2 SHANA (2010-06-15). "South Pars revenue exceeding oil exports incomes". Shana.ir. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  28. ↑ "Iran drops Polish Co. from Lavan project". PressTV. 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  29. ↑  . "Iran, Besieged by Gasoline Sanctions, Develops GTL to Extract Gasoline from Natural Gas". Oilprice.com. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
  30. 1 2 3 Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 02/18/08 Archived July 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  31. ↑ Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 02/27/07 Archived December 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  32. ↑ http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Mar11.pdf
  33. ↑ http://www.turquoisepartners.com/iraninvestment/IIM-Mar12.pdf


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