Lessing-Othmer

Chinese romanisation
Mandarin
Standard Chinese Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard) EFEO Gwoyeu Romatzyh Spelling conventions Latinxua Sin Wenz Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II Postal romanisation Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles Yale romanisation Lessing-Othmer Legge romanisation Simplified Wade Comparison chart
Sichuanese Sichuanese Pinyin Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz
Wu
Shanghai and Suzhou dialects Long-short
Wenzhounese Wenzhounese romanisation
Yue
Cantonese Jyutping Yale romanisation Guangdong Romanisation Hong Kong Government Macau Government Meyer–Wempe Sidney Lau S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols) S. L. Wong (romanisation) Cantonese Pinyin Standard Romanisation Barnett–Chao Comparison chart
Southern Min
Taiwanese, Amoy and related Pe̍h-ōe-jī Modern Literal Taiwanese Phofsit Daibuun Bbánlám pìngyīm Daighi tongiong pingim TLPA Tâi-lô Comparison chart
Teochew Peng'im
Eastern Min
Fuzhou dialect Foochow Romanised
Northern Min
Jian'ou dialect Kienning Colloquial Romanised
Pu-Xian Min
Putian dialect Hinghwa Romanised
Hainanese
Haikou dialect Hainan Romanised
Wenchang dialect Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
Hakka
Meixian dialect Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an Hagfa Pinyim
Sixian dialect Pha̍k-fa-sṳ TLPA
Gan
Chang-Du dialect Pha̍k-oa-chhi
See also
Other transliterations General Chinese Cyrillisation Xiao'erjing 'Phags-pa script Bopomofo Taiwanese kana Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols Mongolian transliteration of Chinese characters Manchu transliteration Transcription into Chinese
By place Romanisation in Hong Kong Romanisation in Singapore Romanisation in Taiwan

Lessing-Othmer is a romanisation of Mandarin Chinese that was once used by Germans written by F. Lessing and Dr. W. Othmer, who in 1912 printed their book "Lehrgang der nordchinesischen Umgangssprache" (Course in the North Chinese Colloquial Language) in Qingdao (Chinese: 青島; pinyin: Qīngdǎo) whilst it was a German colony in 1912 through the "Deutsch-Chinesische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt."

In 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China for Romanisation ruled that translations of foreign-language publications should use Lessing romanisation in German-speaking countries, and Pinyin in English-speaking countries.^[1]

Table

The tones romanized differently from Pinyin are highlighted in blue.

Initial

		Bilabial		Labiodental	Alveolar		Retroflex		Alveolo-palatal	Velar
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiceless
Nasal			m [m] ㄇ m			n [n] ㄋ n
Plosive	Unaspirated	b [p] ㄅ b			d [t] ㄉ d					g [k] ㄍ g
Plosive	Aspirated	p [pʰ] ㄆ p			t [tʰ] ㄊ t					k [kʰ] ㄎ k
Affricate	Unaspirated				ds [ts] ㄗ z		dsch [ʈʂ] ㄓ zh		dj [tɕ] ㄐ j
Affricate	Aspirated				ts [tsʰ] ㄘ c		tsch [ʈʂʰ] ㄔ ch		tj [tɕʰ] ㄑ q
Fricative				f [f] ㄈ f	s [s] ㄙ s		sch [ʂ] ㄕ sh		hs [ɕ] ㄒ x	h [x] ㄏ h
Liquid						l [l] ㄌ l		j [ɻ] ㄖ r

Finals

		Coda
		∅			/i/		/u/		/n/		/ŋ/			/ɻ/
Medial	∅	ï [ɨ] ㄭ -i	ö [ɤ] ㄜ e	a [a] ㄚ a	e [ei̯] ㄟ ei	ai [ai̯] ㄞ ai	ou [ou̯] ㄡ ou	au [au̯] ㄠ ao	ën [ən] ㄣ en	an [an] ㄢ an	ung [ʊŋ] ㄨㄥ ong	ëng [əŋ] ㄥ eng	ang [aŋ] ㄤ ang	örl [aɚ̯] ㄦ er
	/i/	i [i] ㄧ i	iä [i̯e] ㄧㄝ ie	ia [i̯a] ㄧㄚ ia			iu [i̯ou̯] ㄧㄡ iu	iau [i̯au̯] ㄧㄠ iao	in [in] ㄧㄣ in	iän [i̯ɛn] ㄧㄢ ian	iung [i̯ʊŋ] ㄩㄥ iong	ing [iŋ] ㄧㄥ ing	iang [i̯aŋ] ㄧㄤ iang
	/u/	u [u] ㄨ u	o [u̯o] ㄨㄛ uo	ua [u̯a] ㄨㄚ ua	ui [u̯ei̯] ㄨㄟ ui	uai [u̯ai̯] ㄨㄞ uai			un [u̯ən] ㄨㄣ un	uan [u̯an] ㄨㄢ uan		ung [u̯əŋ] ㄨㄥ ueng	uang [u̯aŋ] ㄨㄤ uang
	/y/	ü [y] ㄩ ü	üä [y̯e] ㄩㄝ üe						ün [yn] ㄩㄣ ün	üan [y̯ɛn] ㄩㄢ üan

References

↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2004 edition, "Pinyin romanization" article

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