Led Zeppelin II

Led Zeppelin II
A composite sepia photograph of the band, with members of the Jasta 11 Division of the Luftstreitkräfte, in front of a hydrogen cloud expanding from an outline of the Hindenburg exploding.
Studio album by Led Zeppelin
Released 22 October 1969 (1969-10-22)
Recorded April–August 1969
Studio Various
Genre
Length 41:38
Label Atlantic
Producer Jimmy Page
Led Zeppelin chronology
Led Zeppelin
(1969)		 Led Zeppelin II
(1969)		 Led Zeppelin III
(1970)
Singles from Led Zeppelin II
  1. "Whole Lotta Love"
    Released: 7 November 1969 (US)

Led Zeppelin II is the eponymous second studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released on 22 October 1969 in the United States and on 31 October 1969 in the United Kingdom by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions for the album took place at several locations in both the United Kingdom and North America from January to August 1969. The album's production was credited to the band's lead guitarist and songwriter Jimmy Page, and it also served as Led Zeppelin's first album to utilise the recording techniques of the engineer Eddie Kramer. Incorporating several elements of blues and folk music, Led Zeppelin II exhibited the band's evolving musical style of blues-derived material and their guitar riff-based sound. It has been described as the band's heaviest album.[1]

Led Zeppelin II was a commercial success, and was the band's first album to reach number one on charts in the UK and the US. In 1970, the album's cover designer David Juniper was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Recording Package. On 15 November 1999, the album was certified 12× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales passing 12 million copies. Since its release, various writers and music critics have regularly cited Led Zeppelin II as one of the greatest and most influential rock albums of all time.[2]

Background

Led Zeppelin II was conceived during a hectic and much-travelled period of Led Zeppelin's career from January through August 1969, when they completed four European and three American concert tours.[3] Each song was separately recorded, mixed and produced at various studios in the UK and North America. The album was written on tour, during periods of a couple of hours in between concerts, a studio was booked and the recording process begun, resulting in a sound with spontaneity and urgency through necessity.[3] Bassist John Paul Jones recalled that "We were touring a lot. Jimmy [Page]'s riffs were coming fast and furious. A lot of them came from onstage especially during the long improvised section of 'Dazed and Confused'. We'd remember the good stuff and dart into a studio along the way."[4]

Some of the recording studios used by the band were not the most advanced. One studio in Vancouver, credited as "a hut",[5] had an 8-track set up that did not even have proper headphone facilities.[6][7] The group's lead singer Robert Plant later discussed the writing and recording process, stating "It was crazy really. We were writing the numbers in hotel rooms and then we'd do a rhythm track in London, add the vocal in New York, overdub the harmonica in Vancouver and then come back to finish mixing at New York."[8]

"Thank You", "The Lemon Song" and "Moby Dick" were overdubbed during the tour, while the mixing of "Whole Lotta Love" and "Heartbreaker" was also done on tour. Page later stated "In other words, some of the material came out of rehearsing for the next tour and getting new material together."[7]

Recording

Recording sessions for the album took place at Olympic and Morgan Studios in London, England; A&M, Quantum, Sunset, Mirror Sound and Mystic Studios in Los Angeles, California; Ardent Studios in Memphis, Tennessee; A&R, Juggy Sound, Groove and Mayfair Studios in New York City; and the "hut" in Vancouver.[9][5] Production was entirely credited to Jimmy Page, while it also served as Led Zeppelin's first album to utilise the skills and recording techniques of engineer Eddie Kramer. Led Zeppelin archivist Dave Lewis wrote of the album's production, stating "That the album turned out to be such a triumph, in particular for a production quality that still sounds fresh today, was in no small way due to the successful alliance with Page and Kramer in the control room."[6] This partnership was particularly exhibited in the central section of the track "Whole Lotta Love". Kramer later said, "The famous Whole Lotta Love mix, where everything is going bananas, is a combination of Jimmy and myself just flying around on a small console twiddling every knob known to man."[6]

In another interview, Kramer later gave great credit to Page for the sound that was achieved, despite the inconsistent conditions in which it was recorded: "We did that album piece-meal. We cut some of the tracks in some of the most bizarre studios you can imagine, little holes in the wall. Cheap studios. But in the end it sounded bloody marvellous. There was a unification of sound on [Led] Zeppelin II because there was one guy in charge and that was Mr. Page."[10] Page and Kramer spent two days mixing the album at A&R Studios.[10]

One other song from the sessions, "La La" was included on the 2014 deluxe edition of the album.

Composition

"Whole Lotta Love"
The first single contains strong blues influence and sexual lyrical themes with a predominant guitar riff by Jimmy Page.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Led Zeppelin II is a hard rock,[11] blues rock,[12] and heavy metal[13] album. The finished tracks reflect the raw, evolving sound of the band and their ability as live performers. The album has been noted for featuring a further development of the lyrical themes established by Jimmy Page on Led Zeppelin's debut album, as Robert Plant had not until that point written any lyrics for the band. This all served to create a work which would then become more widely acclaimed and arguably more influential.[14][15] "Whole Lotta Love" and "The Lemon Song" both feature sexual themes, as the latter contains a metaphor, which, according to one music writer, implores "unnamed ladies to squeeze his lemon 'til the juice runs down my leg.'"[16] As was later observed by Plant himself:

Led Zep II was very virile. That was the album that was going to dictate whether or not we had the staying power and the capacity to stimulate. It was still blues-based but it was a much more carnal approach to the music and quite flamboyant. It was created on the run between hotel rooms and the GTOs, and that was quite something.[17]

Led Zeppelin II also features experimentation with other musical styles and approaches, as on the alternately soft-and-loud "What Is and What Should Never Be" and "Ramble On" (which featured Page's acoustic guitar), or the pop-influenced ballad "Thank You". With its mysterious atmospherics, "Ramble On" helped develop hard rock's association with fantasy themes, which had been partly derived from the psychedelic rock genre of two to three years before, but also from Plant's personal interest in the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien.[6] This musical direction would later culminate on Led Zeppelin IV (and countless subsequent groups would later carry the influence to further extremes). Conversely, the instrumental "Moby Dick" features an extended drum solo by John Bonham, which would be extended further during Led Zeppelin concert performances sometimes for as long as half an hour.[6]

Page's contribution to this album was significant, as his electric guitar solo on the song "Heartbreaker" was emulated by many younger rock guitarists, and exemplifies the group's intense musical attack.[6] Led Zeppelin II is the band's first album to feature Page playing a 1959 Gibson Les Paul, the electric guitar he helped popularise. His innovative recording and drum miking effects on tracks such as "Ramble On" and "Whole Lotta Love" also demonstrated his considerable skill, resourcefulness and originality as a producer.[18] Rolling Stone magazine later called Page's guitar riff for the latter song "one of the most exhilarating guitar riffs in rock & roll."[19] John Paul Jones later discussed Page's contributions:

Jimmy started coming into his own as a producer around "Whole Lotta Love". The backwards echo stuff. A lot of the microphone techniques were just inspired. Everybody thinks he goes into the studio with huge walls of amps, but he doesn't. He uses a really small amp and he just mic's it up really well, so it fits into a sonic picture.[18]

The album's material also marked a certain honing of Plant's vocal approach,[20] and signalled his emergence as a serious songwriter.[7] Plant's name had previously been absent from the songwriting credits of the band's first album due to the previous contractual commitments that resulted from his earlier association with CBS Records as a solo artist. His influence on tracks such as "What Is and What Should Never Be" and "Ramble On" were pointers to the band's musical future.[6] Plant has commented that it was only during the sessions for Led Zeppelin II that he started to feel at home as a vocalist in the studio with Led Zeppelin. In a 2008 interview for Uncut, he stated "[D]uring Led Zep I (1969) as far as I was concerned, I thought that I was going to [leave the band] anyway. I didn't feel that comfortable because there were a lot of demands on me vocally—which there were all the way through the Zeppelin thing. And I was quite nervous and didn't really get into enjoying it until II."[21]

Packaging

The World War I photograph on which the album sleeve was based

The album sleeve design was from a poster by David Juniper, who was simply told by the band to come up with an interesting idea. Juniper was a fellow student of Page's at Sutton Art College in Surrey.[22] His design was based on a photograph of the Jagdstaffel 11 Division of the German Air Force during World War I, the famed Flying Circus led by the Red Baron.[6] After the picture was tinted, the faces of the four members of the band were airbrushed on from a 1969 publicity photograph. Other faces added, according to Juniper, were either Miles Davis or Blind Willie Johnson, a friend of Andy Warhol (possibly Mary Woronov) and astronaut Neil Armstrong,[23] although it is actually fellow astronaut Frank Borman.[24] The cover also pictured the outline of a Zeppelin on a brown background (similar to the cover of the band's first album), which gave the album its nickname "Brown Bomber".[6]

Release and reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic95/100[25]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[26]
BBC Music(favourable)[27]
Blender[28]
Robert ChristgauB[29]
Entertainment WeeklyA+[30]
MusicHound4.5/5[31]
Pitchfork Media10/10[32]
Q[33]
Rolling Stone(unfavourable)[34]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[35]

The album was released on 22 October 1969 on Atlantic Records, with advance orders of 400,000 copies.[36] The advertising campaign was built around the slogans 'Led Zeppelin – The Only Way to Fly' and 'Led Zeppelin II Now Flying'.[6][37] Commercially, Led Zeppelin II was the band's first album to hit No. 1 in the US, knocking The Beatles' Abbey Road (1969) twice from the top spot, where it remained for seven weeks.[6] By April 1970 it had registered three million American sales, whilst in Britain it enjoyed a 138-week residence on the LP chart, climbing to the top spot in February 1970.[6]

The album also yielded Led Zeppelin's biggest hit with the track "Whole Lotta Love". This song reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1970, after Atlantic went against the group's wishes by releasing a shorter version on 45. The single's B-side, "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)", also hit the Billboard chart, peaking at No. 65 in April 1970. The album helped establish Led Zeppelin as an international concert attraction, as for the next year, the group continued to tour relentlessly, initially performing in clubs and ballrooms, then in larger auditoriums and eventually stadiums as their popularity grew.[38]

In 1970 art director David Juniper was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of best album package for Led Zeppelin II.[6] On 10 November 1969, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and in 1990 it was certified 5x platinum reflecting shipping of five million copies. By 14 November 1999, Led Zeppelin II had shipped twelve million copies and was certified 12x platinum by the RIAA.[39] The 2014 reissue of the album helped itself get back into the Billboard Top 10 when it got to #9.[40]

Legacy

Led Zeppelin II has been cited by music writers as a blueprint for heavy metal bands that followed it.[14][41] Blues-derived songs like "Whole Lotta Love", "Heartbreaker", "The Lemon Song", "Moby Dick", and "Bring It On Home" have been seen as representing standards of the genre, where the guitar-based riff (rather than vocal chorus or verses) defines the song and provides the key hook.[6] Such arrangements and emphasis were at the time atypical in popular music.[14] Page's guitar solo in "Heartbreaker" featuring rapid-fire runs of notes tapped only by the left hand, was a major inspiration to the later work of metal soloists and "shredders" such as Eddie Van Halen and Steve Vai.[42] As such, the album is generally considered to be very influential on the development of rock music, being an early forerunner of heavy metal, and inspiring a host of other rock bands including Aerosmith, Iron Maiden and Guns N' Roses.[14][43]

Since its initial critical reception, Led Zeppelin II has been acknowledged by many critics and music writers as one of the most influential albums of rock music, and has earned several accolades from music publications, frequently placed at or near the top of "best album" lists.[2] In 1989, Spin magazine ranked the album No. 5 on its list of The 25 Greatest Albums of All Time.[2] In 2000, Q magazine placed Led Zeppelin II at number 37 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever.[44] In 2003, the album was ranked number 75 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[19]

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Grammy Award United States "Grammy Award for Best Recording Package"[45] 1970 Nominee
Guitarist United Kingdom "Top 50 Most Influential Guitar Albums of All Time Ever"[46] 1994 3
Mojo United Kingdom "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made"[47] 1996 41
Platendraaier The Netherlands "Top 30 Albums of the 60s"[48] 2015 11
The Guitar United States "Album of the Millennium"[49] 1999 6
Rolling Stone United States "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time"[19] 2003 79
Q United Kingdom "100 Greatest Albums Ever"[50] 2003 37
Rock Hard Germany "The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time"[51] 2005 318
Robert Dimery United States "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die"[52] 2006 *
Classic Rock United Kingdom "100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever"[53] 2006 8
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame United States "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time"[54] 2007 47
Q United Kingdom "50 Years of Great British Music (1960s)"[55] 2008 *

(*) designates unordered lists.

2014 reissue

Along with the group's self-titled debut album and their third album, Led Zeppelin III, the album was remastered and reissued on 2 June 2014. The reissue comes in six formats: a standard CD edition, a deluxe two-CD edition, a standard LP version, a deluxe two-LP version, a super deluxe two-CD plus two-LP version with a hardback book, and as high-resolution, 96k/24-bit digital downloads. The deluxe and super deluxe editions feature bonus material containing alternative takes, backing tracks and the previously unreleased instrumental, "La La".[56] The reissue was released with a negative version of the original album's artwork as its bonus disc's cover.[57]

Track listing

Standard edition

Side one
No. TitleWriter(s) Length
1. "Whole Lotta Love"  
 5:34
2. "What Is and What Should Never Be"  
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:46
3. "The Lemon Song"  
 6:19
4. "Thank You"  
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:49
Side two
No. TitleWriter(s) Length
5. "Heartbreaker"  
  • Bonham
  • Jones
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:14
6. "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)"  
  • Page
  • Plant
 2:39
7. "Ramble On"  
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:34
8. "Moby Dick"  
  • Bonham
  • Jones
  • Page
 4:20
9. "Bring It On Home"  Dixon 4:19
Notes

Deluxe edition bonus disc

No. TitleWriter(s) Length
1. "Whole Lotta Love" (Rough mix with vocal)
 5:38
2. "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Rough mix with vocal)
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:33
3. "Thank You" (Backing track)
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:21
4. "Heartbreaker" (Rough mix with vocal)
  • Bonham
  • Jones
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:24
5. "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" (Backing track)
  • Page
  • Plant
 3:08
6. "Ramble On" (Rough mix with vocal)
  • Page
  • Plant
 4:43
7. "Moby Dick" (Backing track)
  • Bonham
  • Jones
  • Page
 1:37
8. "La La" (Intro/Outro rough mix)
  • Page
  • Jones
 4:07
Total length:
 32:39

Personnel

Adapted from the AllMusic credits.[58]

Charts

Original release
Chart (1969–70) Peak position
Australian Kent Music Report Top 100 Albums Chart[59] 1
Canadian RPM Top 100 Albums Chart[60] 1
Danish Albums Chart[61] 1
French Albums Chart[62] 3
Italian Albums Chart[63] 2
Japanese Albums Chart[64] 8
Norwegian Albums Chart[65] 2
Spanish Albums Chart[66] 1
UK Albums Chart[67] 1
US Billboard 200[68] 1
US Billboard Soul LP's[69] 32
West German Albums Chart[70] 1
2014 reissue
Chart (2014) Peak
position
Polish Albums (ZPAV)[71] 9

Singles

Year Single Chart Position
1970 "Whole Lotta Love" US Billboard Hot 100[72] 4
1997 "Whole Lotta Love" UK Singles Chart[73] 21
1970 "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" US Billboard Hot 100[74] 65

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[75]
Remastered edition		 Gold 30,000*
Australia (ARIA)[76] 4× Platinum 280,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[77] Gold 25,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[78] 9× Platinum 900,000^
France (SNEP)[79] 2× Gold 200,000*
Germany (BVMI)[80] Platinum 500,000^
Italy (FIMI)[81] Gold 50,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[82] Gold 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[83] 4× Platinum 1,200,000^
United States (RIAA)[39] 12× Platinum 12,000,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

See also

References

  1. ↑ Buckley 2003, p. 502.
  2. 1 2 3 Acclaimed Music: Led Zeppelin II. Acclaimed Music. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  3. 1 2 Rosen, Craig (1996). The Billboard Book of Number One Albums: The Inside Story Behind Pop Music's Blockbuster Records (1st ed.). New York: Billboard Books. p. 118. ISBN 0-8230-7586-9.
  4. ↑ Liner notes for the Led Zeppelin boxed set.
  5. 1 2 Cleveland, Barry (May 2008). "Guitar Player: Mixing Led Zeppelin II". Guitar Player. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, pp. 13–19. ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  7. 1 2 3 Schulps, Dave. Interview with Jimmy Page, Trouser Press, October 1977.
  8. ↑ Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 32.
  9. ↑ Led Zeppelin II, Led Zeppelin, Atlantic Records, R2-536181, Super Deluxe Edition Box, 2014 Liner Notes, page 3
  10. 1 2 "Their Time is Gonna Come", Classic Rock Magazine: Classic Rock Presents Led Zeppelin, 2008, p. 21.
  11. ↑ Yorke, Ritchie (14 November 1970). "Maple Leaf Rock". Billboard. 82 (46): R-16. ISSN 0006-2510.
  12. ↑ Colin King (December 31, 2004). Rock On: The Rock ‘n Roll Greats. Caxton. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-84067-473-6.
  13. ↑ Steve Waksman (2001). Instruments of Desire: The Electric Guitar and the Shaping of Musical Experience. Harvard University Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-674-00547-1.
  14. 1 2 3 4 allmusic: Led Zeppelin II. All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  15. ↑ Gilmore, Mikal (10 August 2006). "The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin". Rolling Stone (1006). Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
  16. ↑ Twist, Carlo. Blender: The Ultimate Guide to Music and More – Led Zeppelin. Maxim Digital. Retrieved on 9 February 2009. Archived 22 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ Nigel Williamson, "Good Times...Bad Times", Uncut, May 2005, p. 56.
  18. 1 2 "I first met Jimmy on Tolworth Broadway, holding a bag of exotic fish...", Uncut, January 2009, p. 40.
  19. 1 2 3 "75) Led Zeppelin II". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  20. ↑ Liner notes by Cameron Crowe for The Complete Studio Recordings, p. 9.
  21. ↑ Jones, Allan. "Robert Plant: 'We did what we set out to do...'", Uncut Magazine, May 2008, pp. 38–43.
  22. ↑ "David Juniper". led-zeppelin.org. 25 September 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  23. ↑ Michael Goldstein (18 May 2007). "Cover Story – "Led Zeppelin II" by David Juniper". rockpopgallery.typepad.com. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  24. ↑ "Neil Armstrong and Led Zeppelin's album art – collectSPACE: Messages". collectSPACE. Retrieved 2014-06-13.
  25. ↑ "Reviews for Led Zeppelin II [Remastered] by Led Zeppelin". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  26. ↑ AllMusic Review
  27. ↑ "BBC Music Review". BBC. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  28. ↑ "Review". Blender. Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  29. ↑ "Robert Christgau Review". Robertchristgau.com. 15 June 1972. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  30. ↑ Tom Sinclair (20 June 2003). "Entertainment Weekly Review". Ew.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  31. ↑ Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel (eds) (1999). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. p. 662. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
  32. ↑ "Pitchfork Review". Pitchfork.com. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  33. ↑ "Q (magazine)|Q Review". Q4music.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  34. ↑ Mendelsohn, John (13 December 1969). "Records". Rolling Stone. San Francisco: Straight Arrow Publishers, Inc. (48): 48. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  35. ↑ Rolling Stone'' Review. Google Books. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  36. ↑ Welch, Chris (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 1-85797-930-3, p. 40.
  37. ↑ In the United States, some commercially-duplicated reel-to-reel copies of Led Zeppelin II made by Ampex bore the title Led Zeppelin II – The Only Way to Fly on their spine.
  38. ↑ allmusic: Led Zeppelin – Bio. All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  39. 1 2 "American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin II". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
  40. ↑ "Billboard 200: Page 1". Billboard. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  41. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2007). All Music Guide Required Listening: Classic Rock (1st ed.). San Francisco: Backbeat Books. p. 98. ISBN 0-87930-917-2.
  42. ↑ Brown, Pete (1997). Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists (1st ed.). San Francisco: Hal Leonard. p. 165. ISBN 0-7935-4042-9.
  43. ↑ Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004): p. 479
  44. ↑ Tower: Led Zeppelin II. Tower.com. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
  45. ↑ "Grammy Award for Best Recording Package (David Juniper) – 11 March 1970". Grammy. 9 February 1970. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  46. ↑ "Top 50 Most Influential Guitar Albums of All Time Ever – December 1994". Guitarist. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  47. ↑ "The 100 Greatest Albums Ever Made – January 1996". Mojo. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  48. ↑ "Top 30 albums van de jaren 60 – October 2015". Platendraaier. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  49. ↑ "Album of the Millennium – December 1999". The Guitar. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  50. ↑ "100 Greatest Albums Ever – January 2003". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  51. ↑ [...], Rock Hard (Hrsg.). [Red.: Michael Rensen. Mitarb.: Götz Kühnemund] (2005). Best of Rock & Metal die 500 stärksten Scheiben aller Zeiten. Königswinter: Heel. p. 83. ISBN 3-89880-517-4.
  52. ↑ Dimery, Robert (7 February 2006). "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.". Universe. New York, NY (ISBN 0-7893-1371-5). p. 156.
  53. ↑ "Classic Rock – 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever – April 2006". Classic Rock. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  54. ↑ "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (United States). Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  55. ↑ "50 Years of Great British Music – March 2008". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  56. ↑ "Led Zeppelin return with new unheard song". The Independent. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  57. ↑ "Led Zeppelin Remasters Arrive At Last". Mojo. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  58. ↑ "Led Zeppelin II – Led Zeppelin | Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  59. ↑ Kent 1993, p. 53.
  60. ↑ "RPM Albums Chart – 24 January 1970". RPM. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  61. ↑ http://danskehitlister.dk/?song_id=6317
  62. ↑ "Top 100 Albums – 1969". infodisc.fr. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  63. ↑ "Top 100 Albums – 1970". Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  64. ↑ "Top 100 Albums – 25 December 1969". Oricon. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  65. ↑ "Top 20 Albums – 1 March 1970". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  66. ↑ "Top 100 Albums – 4 April 1970". PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  67. ↑ "UK Official Charts – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin II". UK Official Charts Cy. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  68. ↑ "The Billboard 200 – 27 December 1969". Billboard. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  69. ↑ "Led Zeppelin II Charts & Awards (Billboard)". allmusic. Retrieved 26 May 2008.
  70. ↑ "Top 100 Albums – 6 April 1970". charts-surfer.de. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  71. ↑ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLIS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  72. ↑ "Hot 100 Singles – 31 January 1970". Billboard. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  73. ↑ "Top 100 Singles – 13 September 1997". chartstats.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  74. ↑ "Hot 100 Singles – 4 April 1970". Billboard. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
  75. ↑ "Discos de oro y platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  76. ↑ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2007 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association.
  77. ↑ "Austrian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin II" (in German). IFPI Austria. Enter Led Zeppelin in the field Interpret. Enter Led Zeppelin II in the field Titel. Select album in the field Format. Click Suchen
  78. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin II". Music Canada.
  79. ↑ "French album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Volume 2" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique.
  80. ↑ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Led Zeppelin; 'II')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  81. ↑ "Italian album certifications – Led Zeppelin – II" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select Album e Compilation in the field Sezione. Enter Led Zeppelin in the field Filtra. The certification will load automatically
  82. ↑ Salaverri, Fernando (2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año : 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  83. ↑ "British album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Led Zeppelin II". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Led Zeppelin II in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Select Platinum in the field By Award. Click Search
Sources
  • Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition. New York City, NY: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. 
  • Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-201-2. 
Preceded by
Abbey Road by The Beatles		 UK Albums Chart number-one album
7 February 1970 – 14 February 1970 		Succeeded by
Motown Chartbusters Volume 3 by
Various artists
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