Medium of instruction

A medium of instruction (plural: usually mediums of instruction, but the archaic media of instruction is still used by some) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. If the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing education in a child's mother tongue is indeed a critical issue".[1]

Media of instruction in different countries and regions

Africa

Western Hemisphere

Brazil

Every public school uses Brazilian Portuguese as the medium of instruction, but no law prohibits the use of other languages in private schools. Many schools use other European languages (mainly because of the country's European heritage) such as English, German, Italian or French. Public schools also have mandatory English and Spanish but only once or twice a week.

Canada

United States

American English is used, but in some schools, Spanish, French (in Louisiana), Hawaiian (in Hawaii), and local Native American/American Indian languages are used as well.

  • The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home.[5] This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language.[6] The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used.[6] Formed in 2006, the Kituwah Preservation & Education Program (KPEP) on the Qualla Boundary focuses on language immersion programs for children from birth to fifth grade, developing cultural resources for the general public and community language programs to foster the Cherokee language among adults.[7] There is also a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade.[8]

Asia

South East Asia

Australia and Oceania

Europe

See also

References

  1. Results of the 7th consultation of member states on the implementation of the Convention and Recommendation against discrimination in education. Para. 41
  2. Kiswahili at the Wayback Machine (archived April 17, 2001) Tanzania National Website
  3. 5.1.9 Language laws // Zimbabwe. International Database of Cultural Policies
  4. "Native Now : Language: Cherokee". We Shall Remain - American Experience - PBS. 2008. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Cherokee Language Revitalization". Cherokee Preservation Foundation. 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  6. Kituwah Preservation & Education Program Powerpoint, by Renissa Walker (2012)'. 2012. Print.
  7. Chavez, Will (April 5, 2012). "Immersion students win trophies at language fair". Cherokeephoenix.org. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  8. Olinda Hassan Education in Transition: English based learning in Bangladesh today Forum, The Daily Star
  9. Minglang Zhou, Hongkai Sun (2004). Language Policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and Practice Since 1948. Springer. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9781402080388.
  10. Alternative report on the implementation by Georgia of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in the region of Kvemo Kartli — p. 59
  11. 18 colleges declared 'English medium'
  12. Enclosure No. 1 to Department of Education Order No. 74, 2009 at the Wayback Machine (archived June 16, 2012)
  13. Pre-school Education
  14. Constitution of Vanuatu Article 3
  15. Почему белорусcких школ становится всё меньше? Белорусский Партизан 2010(Russian)
  16. Elementary Education Ministry of Education of Croatia
  17. National system overview on education systems in Europe, Estonia (PDF). EURYDICE. 2011.
  18. Minority education: statistics and trends
  19. Comments by Mr Boriss Cilevics, Member of the Latvian Delegation Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 2006 — Para. 13
  20. Education in Lithuania. Facts and Figures pp. 42-43
  21. Part 6 Ohrid Agreement
  22. 1 2 3 List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 Council of Europe
  23. Об исполнении Российской Федерацией Рамочной конвенции о защите национальных меньшинств. Альтернативный доклад НПО Москва, 2006 — § 331 (Russian)
  24. Сулейманова Д. Языковая ситуация в Республике Татарстан 2009(Russian)
  25. Compulsory basic education in Slovenia Ministry of Education and Sport of Slovenia
  26. Third report submitted by Ukraine pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 2 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities pp. 42-43
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/14/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.