Laki dialect

This article is about the Iranian languages variety. For the Northeast Caucasian language, see Lak language.
Laki
Lekî
لەکی
Native to Iran
Region Central Zagros
Ethnicity Laks
Native speakers
 1 million (2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 lki
Glottolog laki1244[2]
Linguasphere 58-AAC-aac

Laki  pronunciation  [3](لەکی; Lekî) is a speech variety that is either considered an independent Iranian language,[4][5][6] a dialect of Lurish[7][8][9] or of Southern Kurdish.[10][11][12][13] Lexical similarity with Khorramabadi Luristani is 78%, with Persian is 70%, and with Northern Luri is 69%.[1]

Laki is presently spoken in the areas south of Hamadan and including the towns of Nahavand, Tuyserkan, Nursbad, Ilam, Gilan, and Pahla (Pehle), as well as the countryside in the districts of Horru, Selasele, Silakhur, and the northern Aleshtar in western Iran.

The syntax and vocabulary of Laki have been profoundly altered by Lurish language, a Southwest Iranic language. The basic grammar and verb systems of Laki are, like other Northwestern Iranian languages, especially the Zaza–Gorani languages, clearly Northwest Iranian. This relationship is further affirmed by remnants in Laki of the Kurdish grammatical hallmark, the ergative construction. Despite this, Shahsavari based on his linguistics and semantics characteristics concluded that Laki is obviously different from Kurdish.[14]

The sources for the Lurish Origin of Laki is by Izadpanah that he is Lur.

Laki and Ancient Persian

Ancient Persian English Kurdish Laki Lurish Farsi
dā mother dāya dā daya mādar
ima we ima ima ima mā
awa it awa aœa ho/û ān
baw father bãwa bawa bawa pedar
hyat When the kati ka hanî[15] hanî zamni ke
hvar sun xor/war hœar hurşîd xorshid
aδa At that time awsā asa ûsa ān zaman
tauhmā Seed tōm tûîm tōm toxm
brātā Brother bera berā berār barādar
ah is haya hā hā hast,budan
Jani Female žen žan zan zan
Xvasura Spouse's family xazūra hasûira hasîra xānevadeh hamsar
Asrav Tears asrin asr asr ashk
Varaza Boar barāz verāz verāz gorāz
zān Know zān zān dŭn dān
zamā Groom zamā/zāwā zœmā dœmā dāmād
varkā Lamb barx vark vark bare
māung Month māŋ māŋ mä māh
āsen Iron āsen āsen āhen āhan
berz Height barz barz barz boland
tāu Heat taw tāu tāu garmā

Comparison between Laki and some other Kurdish varieties

Feyli Kelhuri Central Kurdish Northern Kurdish Laki Hawrami English
wehar weharbehar, weharbehar, biharwehar, viharweharspring
tawsantawsanhawîn, tawsanhavîntawsanhamînsummer
payîzpayîzpayîzpahîz, payîzpayîz , małejêrpayîzautumn
waranwaranbaran, weriştbaranvaran, waran, veştwaran, weştrain
çawçewçawçavçemçemeye
dutdutkiç/kenîşk/afretkeç, dotdit, afiretkinaçêgirl
kurrkurrkurrkurrkoirrkurrboy
gurdallegurdallegurçîlegurçikgurdałe , viłkwellkkidney
rêwêarrêwêarrêbwarrêbwar, rêwîrêvêar ,rîwarrawyarwayfarer
minallminallminall, mindallzarokayîlzarollechild
xwemxwemxomez bi xwewijimwêmmyself
minîşminîşminîşez jî / min jîminîj ,minîş,minîcminîçme too
keftinkeftinkewtinketinketinkewteyto fall
xistinxistinhawêştinavêtinaîtin, haîştin-to throw
(mi) hatim(mi) hatim(min) hatimez hatim(mi) hetim(min) amamI came
(mi) xwem/xwerim(mi) xwem/dixwim(min) exwem/dexomez dixwim (mi) merim/mexwimmin mewerûI eat
(mi) nan xwardim(mi) nan xwardim(min) nanim xwardmin nan xuard (mi) nanim hward(min) nanim ward I ate the meal
(mi) nan xwem(mi) nan xwem(min) nan dexwimez nanê di xwum (mi) nane merim/mexwim(min) nan mewerû I am eating the meal
(mi) nan xwardisim(mi) na xwardêam(min) nanim dexwardmin nan di xuard (mi) nanme mehward- I was eating the meal
(mi) hatime(mi) hatime(min) hatûmeez hatime (mi) hetimeI have come
(mi) hatoîm(mi) hatoîm(min) hatibûmez hatibûm (mi) hetoîm-I had come

Comparison between Laki and some other Lurish varieties with kormaci alfabet

Lakî South Lurish Minjai BakhtiariEnglishPerian Persian transcription
koiçik,san berd / kuçuk berd berd / kuçuk stoneسنگ sang
sê sê sê / sia šé / sê blackسیاه siyah
çem tye češ tî / tyeeyeچشم chashm
da / daleke da / deî da / dałike damotherمادر maadar
pet nuft pitnuftnoseبینی bini
kła ga verza verza verzabull گاونر gāve nar
tate tate tate tateuncle (Father's brother) عمو amu
halû halû halû halûuncle (mother's brother) دایی dayi
çûłê(big) , jijû(small) cilé / cŭlé jejŭ / jejŭle čŭléPorcupineتشی tashi
agir / awir teš agır / tešteš / agırfireآتش aatash
bîlem ,biylim bêlum bîlam bêlumlet meبه من اجازه بده be man ejaze bedeh
koir kur kurkurson/boyپسر pesar
dit , afiret duwer/dōder duxterdōderdaughterدختر dokhtar
pîayl , pîal pîayel pîayapîayelmenمردها mardha
jinel , jiniyl zenel zenîazenel/zengel womenزنها zanha
dîar dîar dîardîarevident, obviousمشخص، آشکار moshakhkhas, ashkar
mazg mezg mezg mezgbrainمغز maghz
pişîgulŭ pıšî / gulŭ gulŭcatگربه gorbeh
gemal kutŭ / seg gemal / seykutŭdogسگ sag
bet bet betbetduckمرغابی morghabi

Laki colors

Laki Minjai Lurish Zaza Northern Kurdish Central Kurdish English
ispê, çermê ispî, sipî sipî sipî spî/çermû white
reş, sê sê sîya reş reş black
kaw kaw, kîaw kiho, kewe şîn şîn, kewe blue
soêr sôr sûr sor sûr red
sioz sewz sewz, kesk, kewe kesk sewz green
hoiîl, qehviyî qehweyî qehweyî qehweyî qaweyî brown
bur xakî-bur gewr, bor gewr bor gray
zerd zerd zerd zer zerd yellow

Laki calendar

Mangê lekî
  pence
  mêrêan
  gakoir
  agranê
  mirdał
  male jêr
  male jêr doimaêne
  tül tekin
  mange sêe
  niorûj
  xake lêe
  mang êd

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Laki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Laki". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Laki - Kurdish Academy of language
  4. ↑ Shahsavari, Faramarz(2010): Laki and Kurdish. Iran and the Caucasus: volume14, Number 1, Pages 79-82
  5. ↑ Lakī and Kurdish, Author: Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)
  6. ↑ فرامرز شهسواری (1394). "ریشه‌شناسی و معناشناسی در زبان لکی". کرمانشاه: طاق بستان. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  7. ↑ B. Grimes, (ed.), Luri, in Ethnologues (13th edition), Dallas 1996, p.677
  8. ↑ ایزدپناه، ح. : فرهنگ لکی، موسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ده (مقدمه).
  9. ↑ نقل منابع از ایزدپناه، ح. : فرهنگ لکی، موسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ۱۱
  10. ↑ Windfuhr, G. (2009). The Iranian Languages, Routledge, p. 587
  11. ↑ Rüdiger Schmitt: Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 2000.
  12. ↑ Rüdiger Schmitt (Hg.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 1989.
  13. ↑ V. Minorsky, "Lak", Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  14. ↑ Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)
  15. ↑ Different, "hani» that the Laki and the Lurish that means "still".
Laki test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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