La Leche League

La Leche League

Formation	1956 (1956)
Founded at	Franklin Park, Illinois United States

La Leche League International (LLLI) (La Leche is Spanish for "the milk") is an international nonprofit advocacy group that distributes information on and promotes breastfeeding. It was founded in 1956 in Franklin Park, Illinois as "La Leche League" and has a presence in 68 countries.^[1]

History

The founders of La Leche League were seven mothers from Illinois, USA who had nursed their own children and were motivated to help mothers who, for a variety of different reasons (often related to social expectations and misinformation) had difficulties with and questions about nursing. As young women, Marian Tompson (1929- ) and her friend Mary White (1923-2016) began a conversation about the joys and difficulties of nursing while at a local church picnic in August 1956. They each invited other friends to join the discussion; Mary Ann Cahill (1927-2014), Edwina Froehlich (1915-2008), Mary Ann Kerwin (1931- ), Viola Lennon (1923-2010), and Betty Wagner (1923-2008). These seven women are considered the founders of La Leche League.^[2]

Drs. Herbert Ratner and Gregory White were invited to meet with them and advised the group about medical aspects of nursing, providing access to the small amount of medical literature about nursing then available.^[3] Herbert Ratner was influential in expanding the organization's philosophy beyond nursing.

At the end of World War II, most women bottle-fed their babies.^[4] By the time of La Leche League's founding, the nursing initiation rate in the USA had dropped to 20% of babies.^[5]

The first formal La Leche League meeting was held in October, 1956.^[4] The seven Leaders originally held meetings in private homes; more recently, hospitals, parenting centers, and other public venues have provided meeting spaces.

In 1957, Dr. Grantly Dick-Read, considered the father of the natural childbirth movement, also came to speak with them.^[6]

The first La Leche League Group outside of the United States formed in 1960 in Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada. The La Leche League became La Leche League International, Inc. (LLLI) in 1964 with groups in Canada, Mexico and New Zealand. In 1964 the first international conference was held in Chicago with 425 adults and 100 babies in attendance.

In 1981 LLLI was granted consultative status with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).^[6] In 1985 LLLI served on the International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners, established to develop and administer a voluntary certification program for lactation consultants. The first IBLCE exam was administered in July 1985.

Early in the organization's history, local newspapers rejected meeting notices that used the words "breastfed" and "breastfeeding", calling them inappropriate for family publications. The name "La Leche" comes from the Spanish word leche [pronounced leh-cheh] meaning milk. It was inspired by a shrine in St. Augustine, Florida, dedicated to “Nuestra Señora de la Leche y Buen Parto”, meaning “Our Lady of Happy Delivery and Plentiful Milk”.^[6]

Philosophy and mission

The misson of LLLI is "to help mothers worldwide to breastfeed through mother-to-mother support, encouragement, information, and education, and to promote a better understanding of breastfeeding as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and mother."^[7][8]

The following are statements of LLLI's philosophy:^[9]

• Mothering through breastfeeding is the most natural and effective way of understanding and satisfying the needs of the baby.
• Mother and baby need to be together early and often to establish a satisfying relationship and an adequate milk supply.
• In the early years the baby has an intense need to be with his mother, which is as basic as its need for food.
• Human milk is the natural food for babies, uniquely meeting their changing needs.
• For the healthy, full-term baby, breast milk is the only food necessary until the baby shows signs of needing solids, about the middle of the first year after birth.
• Ideally the breastfeeding relationship will continue until the baby outgrows the need.
• Alert and active participation by the mother in childbirth is a help in getting breastfeeding off to a good start.
• Breastfeeding is enhanced and the nursing couple sustained by the loving support, help, and companionship of the baby's father. A father's unique relationship with his baby is an important element in the child's development from early infancy.
• Good nutrition means eating a well-balanced and varied diet of foods in as close to their natural state as possible.
• From infancy on, children need loving guidance which reflects acceptance of their capabilities and sensitivity to their feelings.

Services

The primary purpose of LLLI is to encourage, inform, and support mothers primarily via meetings, telephone help, skype, facebook, helpforms, helpforums, and e-mail. Some Leaders also do home and/or hospital visits.

LLLI leaders are accredited volunteers who have breastfed their own babies and have been specially trained to help mothers with breastfeeding. Leaders keep up-to-date through continued training and study of the most current medical research on breastfeeding.

Leaders organize group meetings, where mothers are encouraged to share their own experiences with other mothers. A common theme repeated by Leaders at a LLLI meeting is "take what you like and leave the rest," acknowledging that every mother-baby dyad is unique and each mother knows her own baby best.

In most countries with a LLL-presence, Leaders also offer telephone help, online meetings, Facebook groups, email help and several types of personal help.

In some locales, there is a centralized phone number (for an entire country or a US state, for example) where mothers can either receive help directly or be referred to a Leader in her area. In other areas, these Leaders directly publicize their telephone numbers, and sometimes e-mail addresses, via the LLLI website, telephone directories, and posters in parenting centres, libraries, physicians' and midwives' offices, health centres and other places where pregnant women and new parents might seek information. Mothers may also submit questions or concerns through online Help Forms available on the LLLI website.^[10]

The last LLLI International Conference took place July 2007 in Chicago, and included a seminar for health care professionals. Currently emphasis is on Area parenting and nursing conferences, held in many parts of the world every year. Some Areas offer continuing education seminars for health care professionals in addition to ongoing training for Leaders.

Today, LLLI has grown to help women in more than 60 countries.^[8] Currently LLLI publishes a bimonthly nursing and parenting journal, Breastfeeding Today, available online and by link to members worldwide. LLLI's core publications are The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding (now in its 8th edition), "Feed Yourself Feed Your Family" and "Sweet Sleep".

Influence

La Leche League is often regarded as the most influential organization advocating breastfeeding.<ref>http://www.infocusnews.net/content/view/44282/1362/</ref><ref>http://www.nyscanet.org/pdf/07proceedings/tavarez.pdf</ref> La Leche League is considered the leading voice on mother-to-mother breastfeeding support. Many current and former LLL Leaders are prominent in other areas of work improving lives of families, women, and children.

Currently LLLI publishes a bimonthly nursing and parenting journal, ''Breastfeeding Today'', available online and by link to members worldwide. LLLI's core publications are ''The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding'' (now in its 8th edition), "Feed Yourself Feed Your Family" and "Sweet Sleep".

===International===

La Leche League International is a core partner starting the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action.

===Austria===

La Leche League Österreich was founded in 1979.

===Belgium/Flanders===

La Leche League Vlaanderen was founded in 2011. http://www.lalecheleague.be

===Belarus===

Olga Prominski founded La Leche League of Belarus in 2011 http://lllrussia.org/meetings/belarus.html

===Bulgaria===

Tanya Ruseva became the first La Leche League Leader in Bulgaria in 2005.http://blog.gorichka.bg/?p=127 This is the official birth year of [http://lalechebg.com/ La Leche League Bulgaria].

La Leche League of Bulgaria established the first website in the country dedicated solely to breastfeeding. They publish the first and only breastfeeding magazine for both parents and healthcare workers. They are the sole providers of breastfeeding webinars and organized the first international breastfeeding conference in Bulgaria. http://www.unicef.bg/news/1-va-mejdunarodna-konferenciya-za-kurmene-putyat-na-majchinoto-mlyako

===Canada===

First LLL Group outside of USA, the country of LLLI birth, founded in Jonquiere, Quebec. http://www.lllc.ca

===China===

LLL China has been active since 1995 and is currently in Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Suzhou, Hong Kong, and Guangzhou with meetings offered in both English and Chinese.

===Dominican Republic===

Liga de La Leche, Dominican Republic was born in 1990. The founding mothers of LLL in the country were Priscilla Stothers, a nurse and health educator from Florida, USA, and Yanet Olivares, who was accredited as a LLL Leader in Puerto Rico before she returned to her own country, the Dominican Republic.

===France===

The first meetings of LLL of France were held in 1973. LLL of France was officially created in 1979.<ref>http://www.lllfrance.org/Qui-sommes-nous/Historique-de-LLL-France.html The founding mother of LLL of France was Suzanne Colson.

*Suzanne Colson, PhD, a midwife, is widely known for her research of neonatal reflexes in connection to breastfeeding. http://www.biologicalnurturing.com/index.html

===Germany===

The first meetings of La Leche League in Germany were held at American military bases in the 1970s. The first German Leaders were Edda Langmann from Fulda and Hannah Lothrop. April 30, 1977 is the official birthday of [http://www.lalecheliga.de/ La Leche Liga Deutschland].

===Great Britain===

La Leche League came to Great Britain in the early 1970s. The first group in GB was started in Leicester in 1973 by an American Leader, Anne Harrison, who was living in Britain. Toward the end of the 1970s, it was suggested that LLLGB become an autonomous organisation. It would remain affiliated to LLLI and would be identical or very similar in structure with the same commitments to the same mothering philosophy. The philosophy would remain intact, along with the structure of meetings, and Leader support. http://www.lalecheleague.org.uk

During 1980 discussions continued and a meeting in April decided that La Leche League could best meet the needs of mothers and babies in Britain as a fully autonomous organisation with a democratically elected Board of Directors, ideally affiliated with LLLI. There were approximately 70 Leaders at this time and this was the majority view with a minority feeling few changes were necessary.

Some Leaders had gone ahead with a decision to set up a separate organisation and on 2 July 1980 the inaugural meeting was held of the Association of Nursing Mothers which then formed a break-away group.

LLL GB maintains links with LLL Europe, including Future Areas in Europe, LLL International Division (ID) and the other Affiliates as well as LLL International. In the UK there are around 260 Leaders and 65 groups.

===Greece===

[http://www.lllgreece.org LLL Greece] or Syndesmos Thilasmou Ellados (Σύνδεσμος Θηλασμού Ελλάδος) was officially founded in 1979.

===Ireland===

La Leche League Ireland was founded in Dublin in 1966 by the biologist and botanist Nora A. Leach.

=== Israel ===

[http://www.lllisrael.org.il/ LLL Israel] was established in 1980 and currently has over 60 active Leaders and 24 support groups throughout the country as well as a hotline, forum, and Facebook groups. On July 5, 2016, it will be recognized in the Knesset (parliament) for its contribution to women's health.

===Italy===

[http://www.lllitalia.org LLL Italy] was officially founded in Milan in 1979 by a group of mothers and Leaders Shanda Bertelli and Rosalind Nesticò.

===Lebanon===

In January 2012, La Leche League of Lebanon was founded by Nadiya Dragan. Tamara Drenttel Brand joined her at the end of 2012. In 2015, 3 more leaders became accredited and joined the ranks of LLL Lebanon: Sara Luis Hannan, Joelle Farkh and Mirna El-Sabbagh.

===Netherlands===

La Leche League Nederland was started in 1976 by Marijke Wisse. http://www.lalecheleague.nl

===Norway===

In 1968 Elisabet Helsing started a mother-to-mother nursing support organization called Ammehjelpen (meaning breastfeeding help).This started revival of nursing in Norway. Today Norway is known for the high initiation rates of breastfeeding. http://www.intermid.co.uk/cgi-bin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid=7988;article=BJM_9_5_294_300

===Russia===

LLL-Leader Natalia Gerbeda-Wilson of Ukraine and a Leader Applicant Marina Kopylova of Russia started a Yahoo mailing list Kormlenie [Russian for "breastfeeding" in 2003 to unite mothers who were helping other mothers breastfeed. The organization of natural feeding consultants called AKEV (Association of Natural Feeding Constulants, Russian for Ассоциация консультантов по естественному вскармливанию) was born on the mailing list in 2004. LLL-Leaders sent LLLI literature that had strong influence on AKEV principles of work.

Ekaterina Lokshina became the first LLL Leader in Russia. In 2012 the first Russian-language edition of ''The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding'' was published in Moscow, Russia.

===Serbia===

La Leche League of Serbia was founded in April 2011 by Marija Taraba. www.lllsrbija.com

===Sweden===

In 1973, the Swedish organization [http://www.amningshjalpen.se/ Amningshjalpen], was formed following the Norwegian model, which in turn was inspired by LLL signature publication ''The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding''.

===United States===

LLL USA was founded in 2009, after an internal reorganization of La Leche League International. LLL-USA is the largest LLL-Area in the world. http://www.lllusa.org

===Prominent (former) LLL-Leaders===

* Kathleen Bruce and Kathleen Auerbach, both LLL Leaders, in 1995 started LACTNET, a network for nursing educators and advocates worldwide to share information, discussion and support focusing on best practices, emerging thoughts and current research.

* Barbara Heiser, a LLL Leader, co-founded the National Allisance of Breastfeeding Advocacy (NABA).http://www.naba-breastfeeding.org/about.htm

* Kay Hoover and Barbara Wilson-Clay, LLL Leaders and IBCLCs, wrote The Breastfeeding Atlas, a comprehensive visual guide for lactation specialists.

* Trevor MacDonald was the first man to be accredited as an LLL Leader in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milkjunkies.net/2016/06/proud-to-be-new-la-leche-league-leader.html|title=Milk Junkies: Proud to be a New La Leche League Leader!|website=www.milkjunkies.net|access-date=2016-09-01}}

* Valerie McClaine, an LLL Leader, has been raising awareness about human milk patenting. http://vwmcclain.blogspot.com

* Nancy Mohrbaher ~ a LLL Leader, IBCLC, FILCA. A co-author with Julie Stock of ''Breastfeeding Answer Book'', one of the first most definitive references for lactation counselors. The book was first published in 1991, then revised in 1996 and 2003. Mohrbacher later wrote ''Breastfeeding Answers Made Simple: A Guide for Helping Mothers'' (with Kathleen Kendall-Tackett) and ''Breastfeeding Made Simple: Seven Natural Laws for Nursing Mothers''.

*Audrey Naylor, MD and a member of the LLLI Professional Advisory Board relied on the organization's resources in training health care workers around the world through Wellstart International, the nonprofit educational organization she founded in 1983.

* Peggy O'Mara, a LLL Leader, is famous as a publisher, editor and owner of ''Mothering'' magazine. She is the author of several books: ''Having a Baby Naturally: The Mothering Magazine Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth''; ''Natural Family Living: The Mothering Magazine Guide to Parenting''; ''The Way Back Home: Essays on Life and Family''; ''A Quiet Place: Essays on Life and Family''

* Barbara Popper and Elizabeth Hormann, both LLL Leaders, founded Children In Hospitals (CIH), a non-profit, volunteer educational and advocacy organization. CIH conducted a survey of visitation policies at other hospitals, and used the information to advocate for 24-hour family visitation policies at Massachusetts hospitals. Families have Barbara to thank for being able to room in with their hospitalized children. http://fcsn.org/newsline/v30n2/mchbda.php

* Jan Riordan ~ a LLL Leader, RN, EdD, IBCLC, co-authored Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, one of the main texts on breastfeeding education, with Katherine G. Auerbach, PhD, LLL Leader, in 1993 and 1996, and with Karen Wambach in 2009.

*Nancy Wainer Cohen, a LLL Leader, coined the term VBAC ( vaginal birth after cesarean) and has written two books on cesarean prevention. "Silent Knife" (with Lois J. Estner) won an award for The Best Book in the Field of Health and Medicine by the American Library Association the year it was written. She co-founded the world's first cesarean prevention organization and her work is being archived at the Schlesinger Women's History Library at Harvard University.

*[[Marian Tompson]], a co-founder of LLL, founded AnotherLook, an organization advocating research of breastfeeding in the context of HIV.

*[[Diana West (lactation consultant)|Diana West]], LLL Leader, IBCLC wrote ''Defining Your Own Success: Breastfeeding after Breast Reduction Surgery'' and ''The Breastfeeding Mother's Guide to Making More Milk'' (with Lisa Marasco, LLL Leader, IBCLC, FILCA).

* In 1979 Chele Marmet and Ellen Shell, both LLL Leaders in California, opened the Lactation Institute, the first program in the US providing education specifically for lactation consultants. The program became a model for the emerging lactation consultant profession.

* In 1982 LLLI established a Lactation Consultant Department under the leadership of LLL Leader JoAnne Scott, assisted by Linda Smith, Judy Good, Chele Marmet, and other LLL Leaders. http://www.iblce.org/upload/downloads/IBLCEHistory.pdf JoAnne Scott, Linda Smith, Chele Marmet, Judy Good, Jan Riordan and others jointly designed a certification program that established worldwide lactation consultant competency standard.

* In 1987 LLLI together with Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) agency, the Chicago Board of Health kicked off the first official Peer Counselor Training Program, reaching out to women of various races and socio-economic groups that LLL did not reach through its help.

* In 1996 La Leche League became one of the three partners in LINKAGES, a worldwide government project to promote nursing, appropriate complementary feeding, and maternal dietary practices in six developing countries.

Criticism

The Weston A. Price Foundation has criticized The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding, published by LLLI, as providing nutritional guidance that may undermine the potential of human milk composition.^[11] However, the maternal nutritional guidance given is widely accepted as best practice and is repeated by other nursing advocacy organizations worldwide.^[12] The book has also been reviewed as easy to read, comprehensive, and reliable, and unapologetically supportive of the biological norm of the nursing relationship.^[13]

La Leche League and WHO Code

La Leche League International have long supported WHO Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. Over the course of years LLLI entered into and later ended contracts with a number or WHO Code violators - Lansinoh, Medela, Happy Family Organics - and has reconfirmed its support to the WHO Code.

References

External links

• La Leche League International
• LLLI archive at DePaul University's Special Collections and Archives