Cyrillization of Korean
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| Korean writing systems |
|---|
| Hangul |
| Hanja |
| Mixed script |
| Braille |
| Transcription |
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| Transliteration |
The Kontsevich system (Russian: Система Концевича/Sistema Kontsevicha) for the Cyrillization of the Korean language was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevich (Russian: Лев Концевич, pronounced [kɐnˈtsɛvʲɪtɕ]) on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich (Russian: Александр Холодович, pronounced [xəlɐˈdovʲɪtɕ]). It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
Introduction
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North Korea (where it has been proposed to replace the current script in the past) and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling.
Consonants
Initial
| Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | кк | тт | пп | сс | чч | – |
| McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | r | m | p | s | ch | ch' | k' | t' | p' | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | tch | – |
| Revised Romanization | g | n | d | r | m | b | s | j | ch | k | t | p | h | kk | tt | pp | ss | jj | – |
Final
| Hangul | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | ㅇ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | к | н | т | ль | м | п | т | т | т | к | т | п | т | к | – | – | т | – | нъ |
| McCune–Reischauer | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng |
| Revised Romanization | k | n | t | l | m | p | t | t | t | k | t | p | t | k | – | – | t | – | ng |
Medial consonant rules
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
Next initial Previous ending | ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ | ㅇ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| к | н | т | р | м | п | с | ч | чх | кх | тх | пх | х | - | ||
| ㄱ | к | кк | нн | кт | нн | нм | кп | кс | кч | кчх | ккх | ктх | кпх | кх | г |
| ㄴ | н | нг | нн | нд | лл | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | н |
| ㄹ | ль | льг | лл | льтт | лл | льм | льб | льсс | льчч | льчх | лькх | льтх | льпх | рх | р |
| ㅁ | м | мг | мн | мд | мн | мм | мб | мс | мдж | мчх | мкх | мтх | мпх | мх | м |
| ㅂ | п | пк | мн | пт | мн | мм | пп | пс | пч | пчх | пкх | птх | ппх | пх | б |
| ㅇ | нъ | нг | нн | нд | нн | нм | нб | нс | ндж | нчх | нкх | нтх | нпх | нх | нъ |
Vowels
| Hangul | ㅏ | ㅑ | ㅓ | ㅕ | ㅗ | ㅛ | ㅜ | ㅠ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅒ | ㅔ | ㅖ | ㅚ | ㅟ | ㅢ | ㅘ | ㅝ | ㅙ | ㅞ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | а | я | о | ё | о | ё | у | ю | ы | и | э | йя | е | йе/-е | ве | ви | ый/-и | ва | во | вэ | ве |
| McCune–Reischauer | a | ya | ŏ | yŏ | o | yo | u | yu | ŭ | i | ae | yae | e/-ë | ye | oe | wi | ŭi | wa | wŏ | wae | we |
| Revised Romanization | a | ya | eo | yeo | o | yo | u | yu | eu | i | ae | yae | e | ye | oe | wi | ui | wa | wo | wae | we |
Examples
| English | Hangul (Hanja) | RR (RR transliteration in parentheses) |
Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in parentheses) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “wall” | 벽(壁) | byeok (byeog) |
пёк (pyok) |
| “on the wall” | 벽에 | byeoge (byeog-e) |
пёге (pyoge) |
| “outside” (uninflected) |
밖 | bak (bakk) |
пак (pak) |
| “outside” | 밖에 | bakke (bakk-e) |
пакке (pakke) |
| “kitchen” | 부엌 | bueok (bueok) |
пуок (puok) |
| “to the kitchen” | 부엌에 | bueoke (bueok-e) |
пуокхе (puokhe) |
| “Wikipedia” | 위키백과(百科) | wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa) |
викхибэкква (vikhibèkkva) |
| “Hangul” | 한글 | hangeul or han-geul (han-geul) |
хангыль (hangyl') |
| “Hanja” | 한자 (漢字) | hanja (han-ja) |
ханчча (hanchcha) |
| “character, letter” | 글자( - 字) | geulja (geul-ja) |
кыльчча (kyl'chcha) |
| “(an) easy” (+ noun) | 쉬운… | swiun… (swiun…) |
свиун… (sviun…) |
| “Four seasons are distinct.” | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | Sagyejeori tturyeotada. (Sa-gye-jeol-i ttu-lyeoshada.) |
Сагеджори ттурётхада. (Sagedzhori tturyothada) |
| “Just check the line color and width you want.” | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | Wonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gukgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Won-ha-si-neun seon saegkkal-gwa gulg-gie che-keu-ha-si-myeon doebni-da.) |
Вонхасинын сон сэкккальгва куккие чхекхыхасимён твемнида. (Vonhasinyn son sèkkal'gva kukkie chhekhyhasimyon tvemnida.) |
Notes
Personal names are written by family name first, followed by a space and then the given name. As a rule, syllables in given names are not separated.
See also
External links
- (Russian) Degrees of Courtesy and Communication Styles in the Korean Language, by K. B. Kurotchenkо.
- (Russian) Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies.
- (Russian) Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.