Kofi Abrefa Busia
| Kofi Abrefa Busia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister 2nd Republic of Ghana | |
|
In office 1 October 1969 – 13 January 1972 | |
| President |
Brigadier Akwasi Afrifa 3 April 1969 – 7 August 1970 Nii Amaa Ollennu 7–31 August 1970 Edward Akufo-Addo 31 August 1970 – 13 January 1972 |
| Preceded by |
Kwame Nkrumah as Prime Minister |
| Succeeded by |
None (position abolished) |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
July 11, 1913 Wenchi, Gold Coast |
| Died |
August 28, 1978 (aged 65) Oxford, United Kingdom |
| Political party | Progress Party |
| Spouse(s) | Naa Morkor Busia (died 2010) |
| Profession | Academic |
| Religion | Christian |
|
Elected following military rule and overthrown by military regime. | |
Kofi Abrefa Busia (11 July 1913 – 28 August 1978) was Prime Minister of Ghana from 1969 to 1972. As a nationalist leader and Prime Minister, he helped to restore civilian government to the country following military rule.[1]
Early life
Busia was born a prince in the kingdom of Wenchi, in the Brong Ahafo Region, one of the four Gold Coast Territories, then under British rule and now called Ghana.[2]
Education
He was educated at Methodist School, Wenchi, Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast, then at Wesley College, Kumasi, from 1931 to 1932. He later became a teacher at Achimota School. He gained his first degree with Honours in Medieval and Modern History from the University of London, through correspondence during this period. He then went on to study at University College, Oxford, where he was the college's first African student. He took a BA (Hons) in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (1941, MA) 1946) and a DPhil in Social Anthropology in 1947, with a thesis entitled "The position of the chief in the modern political system of Ashanti: a study of the influence of contemporary social changes on Ashanti political institutions."
Career
He served as a district commissioner from 1942 to 1949, and was appointed first lecturer in African Studies. He became the first African to occupy a Chair at the University College of the Gold Coast (now the University of Ghana). In 1951 he was elected by the Ashanti Confederacy to the Legislative Council. In 1952, he was Leader of Ghana Congress Party,[3] which later merged with the other opposition parties to form the United Party (UP).
As leader of the opposition against Kwame Nkrumah, he fled the country on the grounds that his life was under threat. In 1959 Busia became a Professor of Sociology and Culture of Africa at the University of Leiden near the Hague, Netherlands. From 1962 until 1969, he was a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford.
He returned to Ghana in March 1966 after Nkrumah's government was overthrown by the military to serve on the National Liberation Council of General Joseph Ankrah, the military head of state;[1] and was appointed as the Chairman of the National Advisory Committee of the NLC. In 1967/68, he served as the Chairman of the Centre for Civic Education. He used this opportunity and sold himself as the next Leader. He also was a Member of the Constitutional Review Committee. When the NLC lifted the ban on politics, Busia, together with friends in the defunct UP formed the Progress Party (PP).[3]
In 1969, the PP won the parliamentary elections with 104 of the 105 seats contested. This paved the way for him to become the next Prime Minister. Busia continued with NLC's anti-Nkrumaist stance and adopted a liberalised economic system. There was a mass deportation of half a million Nigerian citizens from Ghana, and a 44 percent devaluation of the cedi in 1971, which met with a lot of resistance from the public.
While he was in Britain for a medical check-up, the army under Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrew his government on 13 January 1972. Busia died from a heart attack in 1978.
Along with J. B. Danquah and S. D. Dombo, Busia's name is associated with Ghana's political right. The New Patriotic Party has claimed the Danquah-Busia-Dombo mantle in the Fourth Republic.
The author Abena Busia, actress Akosua Busia are his daughters & yoga guru, Kofi Amaniampong Busia, is one of his sons. He left behind four sons and four daughters: Kwasi Osei, Afua Safoa, Nana Gyasi, Yaw, Abena, Kofi, Nana Frema and Akosua Busia.
Bibliography
- The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti. London, 1951 (Orig. Dissertation Oxford)
- The Sociology and Culture of Africa. Leiden, 1960[4]
- The Challenge of Africa. New York, 1962
- Purposeful Education for Africa. The Hague, 1964
- Urban Churches in Britain. London, 1966
- Africa in Search of Democracy. London, 1967
Notes
- 1 2 Martin, G. (2012-12-23). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055.
- ↑ "Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ex-Prime Minister: 1969 - 1972". www.ghanaweb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
- 1 2 "Ghana:Political Parties". Encyclopaedias of the Nations. Thomson Corporation. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ↑ Leiden 1960 inaugural lecture open access online
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Kwame Nkrumah as Prime Minister |
Prime Minister of Ghana 1969 – 1972 |
Succeeded by None Position abolished |
| Parliament of Ghana | ||
| New title | Leader of the Opposition 1952 – ? |
Succeeded by ? |
| Parliament suspended by military | Member of Parliament for Wenchi East 1969 – 19721 |
Parliament suspended after military coup |
| Party political offices | ||
| New title | Leader of the Ghana Congress Party 1952 – 1957 |
Succeeded by ? |
| New title | Leader of the United Party 1957 – ? |
Succeeded by ? |
| New title | Leader of the Progress Party 1969 – 1972 |
Parties banned after coup |
| Notes and references | ||
| 1. Ghana@50 | ||
| Queen (1957–1960) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| President of the First Republic (1960–1966) | ||
| Military regime (1966–1969) | ||
| President of the Second Republic (1969–1972) | ||
| Military regime (1972–1979) | ||
| President of the Third Republic (1979–1981) | ||
| Military regime (1981–1993) | ||
| President of the Fourth Republic (from 1993) | ||