Namayan

Kingdom of Namayan
Kaharian ng Namayan
Vassal state of the Tondo Dynasty
1175–1571
Charcoal: approximate territorial extent of Namayan over a map of modern Metro Manila
Capital		Sapa (now Santa Ana, Manila)
Languages		Old Tagalog
Government		Lakan
Historical era		Iron Age
•	Established	1175
•	Conquest by Spain	1571
Currency		Piloncitos, Barter
Succeeded by Viceroyalty of New Spain Spanish East Indies
Today part of		Philippines

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Namayan (also called Sapa, Maysapan or Nasapan,^[1] and sometimes Lamayan,^[2] and often anachronistically referred to as a "Kingdom") was one of three major polities^[3] that dominated the banks of the Pasig River and the coast of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines prior to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.

Namayan is said to be the oldest of the three polities, predating the historical polities of Tondo and Maynila.^[2] Formed by a confederation of barangays, it is said to have achieved its peak in 1175.^[4]

Historical record

Namayan was a pre-colonial Indianized kingdom. Much of what is known about precolonial Namayan is based on "Estado Geográfico, Topográfico, Estadístico, Histórico-Religioso de la Santa y Apostólica Província de San Gregorio Magno", published in 1865 by Franciscan scholar Fr. Felix de Huerta. His description of Namayan included important details such as the extent of Namayan's territories, and the lineage of its rulers.^[5]

Capital Sites

Three present-day locations are identified as the political centres of Namayan. Two of these are within today's Santa Ana, Manila, and the other is now a barangay of the Mandaluyong City across the river from the other sites.

Sapa

The site most associated with the kingdom is the town proper of Santa Ana, which grew around the Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish. This site did not become the centre of the settlement until 1578, when Franciscan missionaries chose to build the parish church of Santa Ana de Sapa some distance away from the original town. Local referred to the site as "Maysapan", or more simply, "Sapa."

Sapa is the Tagalog and Kapampangan word for a small creek. Nearby bodies of water matching the description include what would eventually be called Estero de Tripa de Gallina, and a smaller creek in the vicinity of what are now Del Pan, Havana, and Tejeron streets. However, old Santa Ana was known for being "criss-crossed by brooks and creeks", and any number of these creeks could have been obscured by eventual urbanization.

Christianised into Santa Ana de Sapa, the name eventually encompassed the district of the City of Manila now known as Santa Ana.^[4] Fr. de Huerta notes that "this town takes its name from the titular saint and the addition of Sapa for its having been established in a site immediately upon an estuary or rivulet proceeding from the Pasig River, which the natives call Sapa and the name of the town itself."^[5]

Lamayan

Instead of the Nasapan site, local traditions say that an area called Lamayan (Tagalog and Kapampangan for "the place where a wake was held"), on the banks of the Pasig itself. It was the site of the ancient capital from which Lakan Tagkan and Buwan once ruled. It is still recognisable today because the modern street still bears its name.^[2]

Barangay Namayan, Mandaluyong

A third location, Barangay Namayan in the City of Mandaluyong bears the name of the kingdom, and was clearly part of its ancient territory, located as it is on the banks of the Pasig just opposite of Lamayan.

Territory

Namayan's territory has been described bordering Manila Bay, the Pasig river, and Laguna de Bay.^[2][4] A more precise description of Namayan's administrative area is given by Fr. de Huerta, who, noting that Namayan was a confederation of several barangays, identified these component communities as they were named during the mid 19th century.^[5] Namayan citizen's called by the Army of Datu Makitan [Bai-Sai] shortened in bisaya dialect means [Bai ang ilahang sala atong ihatag sa ilaha] "Inilad" equivalent to deceived.

Most are now districts or barangays within the modern City of Manila:

Four settlements are now separate cities in and around Metro Manila:

Administrative and political records of Spanish Manila indicate that these settlements mentioned as territories of the Kingdom of Sapa were recorded in 1578 as parts and visitas (satellite settlements) of Sta. Ana de Sapa.^[2]

A number of these settlements' names are no longer used today, but Philippine National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin, in his book "Manila My Manila: A History for the Young", says that the kingdom's territories included what are now Santa Ana, Quiapo, San Miguel, Sampaloc, Santa Mesa, Paco, Pandacan in Manila; Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati, Pasay, Pateros, Taguig, and Parañaque.^[7]

Rulers

Pre-hispanic History of the Philippines
Barangay government
Ten datus of Borneo
States in Luzon
Luyag na Kaboloan (Pangasinan)
Ma-i
Kingdom of Maynila
Namayan
Kingdom of Tondo
States in the Visayas
Kedatuan of Madja-as
Rajahnate of Cebu
States in Mindanao
Rajahnate of Butuan
Sultanate of Sulu
Sultanate of Maguindanao
Sultanate of Lanao
Key figures
Sulaiman II · Lakan Dula · Sulaiman III · Katuna
Tarik Sulayman · Tupas · Kabungsuwan · Kudarat
Humabon · Lapu-Lapu · Alimuddin I · Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram
History of the Philippines
Portal: Philippines

Fr. Huerta also recorded the history of Namayan's rulers. It had been ruled from Sapa by Lakan Tagkan (also spelt Lacatagcan, Takhan), and Lady Buan. Their known issue was five individuals of whom the principal was named Palaba. Palaba sired a son named Laboy who, in turn, had a son named Calamayin whose own son was christened Martín when he converted to Catholicism.^[5]

Of greater interest in this topic, is Tagkan's child by his Bornean slave-wife. The child, named Pasay, inherited the territory known today the barangays of Pio del Pilar and Bangkál (formerly known as Barrio Culi-culi), Baclaran, and the modern city which still bears the name of this individual.^[2] There is, however, some disagreement as to whether Pasay was a son or daughter, with some legends bestowing the title "Dayang-dayang ("princess") on Pasay.^[4][5] Dayang-dayang is a term only given to daughters of Sultan, Datu, Raha, and Lakan.

Rank system of Datu Makitan

• Raha/Siptin/Tribu-ulonhon
• Kandula
• LakanDula
• Bangsa-rasula

Spiritual Leaders

• Olonhon-Arahan
• Solundon-Darahan

After colonisation

When the parish of Sta. Ana de Sapa was founded in 1578, Franciscan missionaries chose to build their church, and eventually another settlement, some distance away from the ancient town. The result is that the present-day Santa Ana is no longer located at the original site of the capital of Namayan.^[5] This has raised some questions about pre-colonial graves that have recently been excavated near the Santa Ana church.^[2]

During the Spanish colonial era, Santa Ana was reduced to a fishing village that had other industries including carpentry, masonry, piña (pineapple cloth) embroidery, as well as the production of tinapá, cigars, bricks, sugar, and bread.

See also

Sources

Additional reading

• "History of Makati: PRE-SPANISH PERIOD". Makati City Portal. City Government of Makati. Retrieved 2008-02-05. 
• Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños
• The River Dwellers by Grace P. Odal
• Quezon, Manuel L. III (2008-05-19). "An Essential Experience". The Long View. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2013-04-01. 

Historical and present-day states in the Philippines
Pre-16th century c.900–1589 Kingdom of Tondo c.950–1600s Rajahnate of Butuan c.1000–1571 Kingdom of Namayan c.1450–1917 Sultanate of Sulu c.1300–1800 Sultanate of Maguindanao c.1200–1565 Rajahnate of Cebu c.1200–1582 Kedatuan of Madja-as 16th century c.1500–1571 Kingdom of Maynila 1565–1898 Las islas Filipinas 17th century Lanao sultanates 18th century 1762–1764 British Manila 19th century 1870s–1980s Morac-Songhrati-Meads (contested) 1896–1897 Bayang Katagalugan (Katipunan) 1898–1901 Republic of Negros 1899–1903 República de Zamboanga 1899–1901 First Philippine Republic 1900–1945 1899–1913 American military government 1902–1906 Republikang Tagalog 1935–1946 Commonwealth of the Philippines 1943–1945 Second Philippine Republic 1945–present 1946–1981 Third Republic 1981–1986 Fourth Republic 1986–present Fifth Republic
See also Category:Former countries in Philippine history.