Kh-29

Kh-29 (NATO reporting name: AS-14 'Kedge')
Kh-29L
Type	air-to-surface missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1980s-current
Used by	Warsaw Pact, China, India, Iraq
Wars	Iran–Iraq War 2014 Libyan conflict Russian-led military intervention in Syria
Production history
Designer	Matius Bisnovat Georgiy I. Khokhlov
Designed	1975
Manufacturer	Vympel / Tactical Missiles Corporation^[1]
Produced	1980-current^[2]
Specifications
Weight	Kh-29L :660 kg (1,460 lb) ^[3] Kh-29T :685 kg (1,510 lb) ^[3] Kh-29TE :690 kg (1,520 lb) ^[3]
Length	Kh-29L/T :390 cm (12 ft 10 in)^[3] Kh-29TE :387.5 cm (12 ft 9 in)^[3]
Diameter	38.0 cm (15.0 in) ^[3]
Warhead	HE armour-piercing^[1]
Warhead weight	320 kg (705 lb)^[1]
Detonation mechanism	Impact ^[1]

Engine	Fixed thrust solid fuel rocket^[1]
Wingspan	110 cm (43 in) ^[3]
Operational range	Kh-29L :10 km (5.4 nmi)^[3] Kh-29T :12 km (6.5 nmi) ^[3] Kh-29TE :30 km (16 nmi) ^[3]
Speed	1,470 km/h (910 mph)^[4] Kh-29ML: 900–1,260 km/h (560–780 mph)^[5]
Guidance system	Kh-29L: semi-active laser guidance Kh-29T/TE : passive homing TV guidance Kh-29D : infrared homing guidance (IIR)^[6]^[7] Kh-29MP : active radar homing ^[8]
Launch platform	Kh-29L&T: MiG-27K,^[3] MiG-29M,^[3] Su-27UB,^[3] Su-30MK,^[3] Su-39^[3] Kh-29L only: Su-25^[3] Kh-29T only: Su-35^[3] Also: Mirage F1E,^[9] Su-17/22,^[9] Su-24,^[9] Su-33, Su-34, Su-37

The Kh-29 (Russian: Х-29; NATO: AS-14 'Kedge'; GRAU: 9M721) is a Soviet air-to-surface missile with a range of 10–30 km. It has a large warhead of 320 kg, has a choice of laser, infrared, active radar or TV guidance, and is typically carried by tactical aircraft such as the Su-24, Su-30, MiG-29K as well as the "T/TM" models of the Su-25, giving that craft an expanded standoff capability.

The Kh-29 is intended for primary use against larger battlefield targets and infrastructure such as industrial buildings, depots and bridges,^[10] but can also be used against ships up to 10,000 tonnes, hardened aircraft shelters and concrete runways.^[1]

Development

Design started in the late 1970s at the Molniya design bureau in Ukraine on what would be their only air-to-ground munition, but when they moved exclusively to space work Vympel took over development of the Kh-29.^[10] The first firing of the missile took place in 1976 and after extensive trials the Kh-29 was accepted into service in 1980.^[4]

Design

The basic aerodynamic layout of the Kh-29 is similar to the Molniya R-60 (AA-8 'Aphid'), reflecting Molniya's heritage in air-to-air missiles.^[10] The laser guidance head came from the Kh-25 (AS-10 'Karen') and the TV guidance from the Kh-59 (AS-13 'Kingbolt'), mated to a large warhead.^[9]

It has been compared to the United States' AGM-65 Maverick, but the AGM-65 is a much smaller missile than the Kh-29, and weighs less than half as much.^[10]

Operational history

The Kh-29 entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1980, and has been widely exported since.

The Kh-29L were used by Sukhoi Su-34 and Su-24 aircraft in the 2015 Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War.^[11]

2014 Libyan conflict

Libyan Su-24-borne Kh-29Ts supplied in large quantities to Muammar Gaddafi's Jamahiriya have been used by Islamist factions against pro-government forces around Tripoli during the current low-level civil war (they were seized from Ghardabiya Air Base depots). Their use, however, was in an unguided ground-to-ground role, launched from modified trucks and with their fins and ailerons at the front and back removed for a somewhat more stable flight path.^[12]^[13]

Variants

Kh-29L (Izdeliye 63, 'Kedge-A')^[10] uses semi-active laser seeker and has a range of 8–10 km.^[3]
Kh-29ML is an upgraded version of the Kh-29L.^[10]
Kh-29T (Izdeliye 64, 'Kedge-B')^[10] is the TV-guided version which is fitted with automatic optical homing to a distinguishable object indicated by the pilot in the cockpit.
Kh-29TE is a long-range (30 km) development of the Kh-29T.^[3] Minimum range is 3 km; launch altitude is 200-10,000 m.^[3]
Kh-29MP is a third generation guidance variant with active radar homing, makes it a fire-and-forget weapon. It has a large 250 kg warhead with 12 km range.^[6]^[8]
Kh-29D is a fourth guidance variant (fire-and-forget) of the Kh-29TE, using imaging infrared.^[6]^[7]

Operators

Map with Kh-29 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

Russia: Russian Air Force
India: Indian Air Force on its new Su-30MKIs^[4] and Indian Navy on its on new MiG-29Ks.^[14]
Algeria: Algerian Air Force ^[15]
Belarus: Belarusian Air Force on its modernized MiG-29BMs.^[4]
Bulgaria: Bulgarian Air Force on its Su-22M4s,^[4] which were withdrawn from service in 2004 and now used only for reconnaissance. Currently used on Su-25.
Georgia: Georgian Air Force on its SU-25KM Scorpion ^[16]
Indonesia: TNI-AU = Tentara Nasional Indonesia – Angkatan Udara (Indonesian Air Force) on its Su-30MK2^[17]
Iran: Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force on its Su-24 Fencer
Libya: Islamist militias
Malaysia: Royal Malaysian Air Force
People's Republic of China: People's Liberation Army Air Force – received 2,000 Kh-29Ts in 2002^[18] for use on their Su-27SKs, Su-27UBKs, Su-30MKKs, Shenyang J-11s and possibly their JH-7s ('Flounder') and Q-5's ('Fantan').^[19]
Poland: Polish Air Force on its on Su-22M4s.^[4]
Syria: Syrian Air Force
Ukraine: Ukrainian Air Force^[4]
Peru: Peruvian Air Force on its Su-25
Venezuela: Venezuelan Air Force on its Su-30
Vietnam: Vietnam People's Air Force on its Su-30MK2V

Former operators

Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovak Air Force – passed onto successor states^[4]
East Germany: East German Air Force^[4]
Germany: Phased out after the German reunification
Hungary: Hungarian Air Force on Su-22M3s
Iraq: Iraqi Air Force – all retired
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libyan Air Force – Left without launch platforms after Su-24s were destroyed in the civil war and subsequent NATO bombing. Seized by rebels and militias.^[12]
Slovakia: Slovak Air Force – Su-22M4s^[4]
Soviet Union: Soviet Air Force – passed onto successor states

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vympel Kh-29.

1 2 3 4 5 6 X-29TE / X-29L, Tactical Missiles Corporation, retrieved 2009-02-06
↑ "ОАО "Корпорация Тактическое Ракетное Вооружение"". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Rosoboronexport Air Force Department and Media & PR Service, AEROSPACE SYSTEMS export catalogue (PDF), Rosoboronexport State Corporation, p. 122
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fiszer, Michal A. "25 years of service of Russian Kh-29 missile". Situational Awareness. Retrieved 2008-09-07. Written by Polish former Su-22 pilot
↑ "KH-29". The Probert Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
1 2 3 The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997–1998. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
1 2 "Kh-29D". deagel.com.
1 2 "Russian Air Force 3.8". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
1 2 3 4 "Vympel Kh-29 (AS-14 'Kedge')", Jane's Electro-Optic Systems, 2008-09-04, retrieved 2009-02-06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Kh-29 (AS-14 'Kedge')", Jane's Air-Launched Weapons, 2008-08-06
↑ Polina Devitt (4 October 2015). "Russian air force using laser-guided KH-29L missiles in Syria – RIA". Reuters. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
1 2 Oryx. "Oryx Blog". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ "Good Morning Libya on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ John Pike. "MiG-29K FULCRUM". GlobalSecurity. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ http://www.waronline.org/mideast/algir.htm
↑ "Fighter SU-25KM (Scorpion)". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ 2011 Annual Report of Tactical Missile Corporation, http://bmpd.livejournal.com/290141.html
↑ Gertz, Bill (2002-07-01), "China test-fires new air-to-air missile; Taiwan likely to get upgraded arms", The Washington Times, p. A1
↑ Fisher, Richard D., Jr. (January 2004), The Impact Of Foreign Weapons And Technology On The Modernization Of China's People's Liberation Army, US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, pp. 4–2C

References

Gordon, Yefim (2004), Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two, Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing, ISBN 1-85780-188-1

Russian and former Soviet military designation sequences for radar, missile and rocket systems

Radar
systems

Land-based	A-100 P-3 P-8 P-10 P-12 P-14 P-15 P-18 P-19 P-20 P-30 P-35 P-37 P-40 P-70 P-80 P-100 Kabina 66 Kasta 2E RSN-225 Azov SNR-75 1S91 30N6 36D6 64N6 76N6 96L6E 9S15 9S19 9S32 Duga Dnestr Dnepr Daryal Dunay Volga Don 2N Voronezh Container

Ship-borne

Airborne	N001 N002 N005 N006 N007 N008 N010 N011 N012 N014 N019 N025 N035 N036

Missiles

ICBM	GR-1 R-7 R-9 R-16 R-26 R-36 R-36M R-46 RS-24 RS-26 RT-2 RT-2PM RT-2PM2 RT-20 RT-21 RT-23 RS-28 UR-100 UR-100MR UR-100N UR-200

IRBM	R-14 RSD-10

MRBM	R-5 R-12 RT-15 RT-25

SRBM	9K720 R-1 R-2 R-11 R-11A R-17 OTR-21 OTR-23 TR-1

SLBM	R-13 R-15 R-21 R-27 R-29 R-39 RSM-45 RSM-56

Surface-to-surface (cruise)	Burya RSS-40

Surface-to-surface (naval)	P-1 P-5 P-15 P-70 P-120 P-270 P-500 P-700 P-750 P-800 P-900 P-900A P-1000 RKV-500A RPK-2 RPK-6 RPK-7 URPK-3 URPK-4 URPK-5

Air-to-surface	KSR-5 KS-1 K-10S Kh-11 Kh-15 Kh-20 Kh-22 Kh-23 Kh-25 Kh-25MP Kh-26 Kh-28 Kh-29 Kh-31 Kh-35 Kh-41 Kh-55 Kh-58 Kh-59 Kh-59M Kh-80 Kh-90 9M114V

Air-to-air	R-3 R-4 R-8 R-23 R-27 R-33 R-37 R-40 R-60 R-73 R-77 R-172

Anti-tank	3M6 9K111 9K112 9K114 9K115 9K115-2 9K121 9M14 9M15 9M113 9M119 9M120 9M123 9M133 Kornet-D Hermes

Unguided
rockets

Air-launched	RP-1 RP-5 RP-6 RP-9 RP-15 RP-21 RS-82 RS-132

Surface-launched	BM-14 BM-21 BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 BM-30 TOS-1

Engines

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

Air-to-air missiles
(complete list)

Air-to-surface missiles
(complete list)

Anti-tank missiles
(complete list)

Surface-to-air missiles
(complete list)

Ground based	SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator/Giant SA-24 Grinch SA-25 Morfey S-350E

Naval based	SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle

ABMs	ABM-1 Galosh ABM-3/53T6 Gazelle S-500

Surface-to-surface missiles
(complete list)

Ground based	SS-1 Scunner/SS-1b/c/d Scud SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-8B Sasin 2 SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-X-13 Savage SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B SS-28 Saber 2 SS-29 Yars SS-X-30 Satan 2 SS-X-31 Rubezh SS-X-32Zh Barguzin

Naval based	SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3c Shaddock SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-NX-13 SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-NX-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skiff R29RM SS-N-23A Skiff SS-N-23B Skiff SS-NX-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 Strobile SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-30A 3M-14 SS-NX-28 SS-N-29 SS-N-32 SS-NX-30? SS-NX-34

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