Kenneth Kraus

Kenneth Kraus
Born Kenneth L. Kraus
(1956-09-27) September 27, 1956
Lansdale, PA, U.S.
Occupation U.S. Marine, United States Marine Corps (1975-1983), Detective, Roswell, GA Police
Known for Being the first United States hostage of Iranian militants prior to the Iran hostage crisis

Kenneth L. Kraus is a former United States Marine who was the first American taken hostage by Iranian militants prior to the Iran hostage crisis.[1]

Experience

On February 14, 1979 at approximately 9:45AM in Tehran, the United States Embassy in Tehran was attacked and held[2] by Fedayeen militants in what became known as the Valentine's Day Open House.[3] One Marine was shot and injured, then kidnapped. He spent a week in detention, where he was tortured for sensitive information on the Embassy. He was accused of shooting Iranian civilians and stood trial in what he referred to as a Kangaroo court.[4] He was sentenced to death.[5] Within a week, United States President Jimmy Carter and Ambassador William Sullivan secured his release, and he returned to a hero's welcome.

The Capture

At 22 years old Kraus was sent to Tehran. Then, in February 1979, the Iranian Revolution began and the Shah was overthrown. That was when the embassy came under attack for the first time.

The compound was overrun at 10:30 AM.[6] The 19 Marine guards were armed only with pistols and shotguns. Embassy staff locked themselves in the communications vault and started to destroy documents. Fedayeen militants threatened to set fire to the place and kill them all, so Ambassador Sullivan ordered the surrender of the Embassy.[7]

By that time Kraus and two other Marines were in the Embassy cafeteria with more than 18 civilians. One of the militants approached the building and Kraus caught him by surprise and pointed a shotgun at his head. He and his fellow Marines negotiated to let the civilians go peacefully. The Marines then destroyed most of the weapons to keep them from falling into the hands of the militants. Militants then stormed the restaurant and captured the Marines. One of them fired a shotgun at Kraus, but his body armor absorbed the brunt of the impact. He was hit in his head and chest with shrapnel, but not severely.[6] He was then beaten for information. When he did not give anything to his captors, one of them pulled a gun and fired it in close proximity, intentionally not to kill, but to wound him further; he was bleeding from his neck, arms and chest.[6]

Within hours he awoke in a hospital and was then blindfolded and taken to the Islamic Revolutionary Prison.[8] He was interrogated and tortured, then on February 20, 1979, he stood trial in what was a ten-minute process; he was convicted of murder and sentenced to death, which would be carried out on February 22, 1979.

Release and Return

With the help of Iranian Foreign Minister Ebrahim Yazdi, the siege was ended within 3 hours, but Kraus' whereabouts were claimed to be unknown. It took less than a week to arrange his release.[7]

Kenneth Kraus and his mother as he deplaned at Andrews Airforce Base

On February 21, Kraus was handed back over to the United States at the Embassy, then flown to Washington D.C, via Ramstein Air Force Base in Germany.[9]

Awards and Commendation

Kenneth Kraus being given the Navy Cross with Governor Dick Thornburgh in 1979

He was awarded the Purple Heart and the Navy Cross, second only to the Medal of Honor.

Lawsuit

Kraus filed a $60 Million lawsuit against the Iranian Government on February 11, 1980.[10]

Post Military Career

Notes

References

  1. ↑ Copsey, Jonathan (19 March 2013). "Roswell cop Kenneth Kraus was a former Iran hostage". NorthFulton.com.
  2. ↑ Lord, Jeffrey (23 Oct 2012). "Jimmy Carter's Dead Ambassador". American Spectator. American Spectator.
  3. ↑ Daugherty, William J. (1996). "A First Tour Like No Other". CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence. Held Hostage in Iran (Spring 1998).
  4. ↑ Walter, Greg (12 March 1979). "A Brave Young Leatherneck Escapes Death in Iran...". People Magazine.
  5. ↑ Associated Press (12 Feb 1980). "Former Hostage Files Suit Against Iran". Free Lance Star/AP.
  6. 1 2 3 Sheldon Engelmayer (4 Feb 1981). "Hostage Suit Tells Torture". The Deseret News.
  7. 1 2 Houghton, David Patrick (2001). US foreign policy and the Iran hostage crisis ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0521805094.
  8. ↑ Houghton, David Patrick (2001). US foreign policy and the Iran hostage crisis ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 9780521805094.
  9. ↑ Associated Press (22 Feb 1979). "Kraus Heads Home After Iranian Release". The Evening News.
  10. ↑ Associated Press (12 Feb 1980). "Injured US Marine Sues Iran for Damages". Observer-Reporter.
  11. ↑ "Ken Kraus". LinkedIn. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  12. ↑ Foster, Christine (4 December 2012). "Roswell Detective Graduates from 'The Body Farm'". Roswell Patch.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/16/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.