John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu

John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu KG (c.1431 – 14 April 1471) was, until his final years, a Yorkist leader in the Wars of the Roses, brother of Warwick the Kingmaker and perhaps best known for eliminating Lancastrian resistance in the north of England in the first three years of the reign of King Edward IV.

Career

Montagu was the third son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury, and a younger brother of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, "the Kingmaker".

He was knighted by King Henry VI at Greenwich on 5 January 1453, alongside Edmund and Jasper Tudor, his brother Thomas Neville, William Herbert, Roger Lewknor, and William Catesby.^[1] He was from the branch of the Neville family based at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire, rather than that of Westmorland. It has been claimed that he, as a 'landless younger son' caused their long-running feud with the Lancastrian Percy family of Northumberland.^[2] He was certainly involved in the confrontation between the two families and their armed retinues which took place between Heworth and Stamford Bridge on 24 August 1453,^[3] following which 'much slaughter of their followers was alleged' by both sides.^[4]

He was created Lord Montagu in 1460, alongside Lord Scales, following Richard, Duke of York's return to England. He fought with his father and brother Thomas at the Battle of Blore Heath in 1459, and was captured and imprisoned in Chester Castle by the Lancastrians, for which he was attainted.^[5] After the Yorkist victory at Northampton he was released, but was captured again at the Second Battle of St Albans in 1461.

Following his second release from imprisonment, he led the Yorkist forces in the north of England, defeating the Lancastrians at Hedgeley Moor and again at Hexham (both 1464).

In reward for driving out the Lancastrians, the new Yorkist King Edward IV invested him in 1462 as a Knight of the Garter and the following year appointed him warden of the east march. In 1464 he was also created Earl of Northumberland, a title which had long been held by the disgraced Percy family, and awarded the Percy estates confiscated after the Battle of Towton. However, when Henry Percy was rehabilitated in 1470, Montagu was forced to give up the earldom and many important offices in favour of his former foe. This was possibly due to Edward fearing troops from Northumberland would not be loyal.

He was in compensation created Marquess of Montagu, but without suitable estates or income to support such a dignity. Now set against Edward IV, he changed his allegiance and joined his brother Richard, Earl of Warwick, in the short-lived readeption of the Lancastrian King Henry VI. Montagu returned to high office in the north, but was killed with his brother Richard fighting the Yorkist forces at the Battle of Barnet in 1471.

Marriage and issue

On 25 April 1457, Neville married Isabel Ingoldesthorpe (c.1441 – 20 May 1476), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Edmund Ingoldesthorpe (d. 2 September 1456) of Burrough Green and Sawston, Cambridgeshire, by whom he had a son and five daughters:^[6]

• George Neville, Duke of Bedford (c. 1461-1483), who died without issue.
• Anne Neville, who married Sir William Stonor of Stonor in Pyrton, Oxfordshire, a descendant of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.^[7]
• Elizabeth Neville, who married firstly Thomas Scrope, 6th Baron Scrope of Masham, and secondly Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlestead.^[7]
• Margaret Neville, who married firstly Sir John Mortimer (d. before 12 November 1504),^[8] only son of Sir Hugh Mortimer and Eleanor Cornwall,^[9][10][11] secondly Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and thirdly Robert Downes, gentleman.^[7][12]
• Lucy Neville, who married firstly Sir Thomas FitzWilliam of Aldwark, North Yorkshire, and secondly Sir Anthony Browne.^[7]
• Isabel Neville, who married firstly Sir William Huddleston of Millom, Cumberland, and secondly Sir William Smythe of Elford in Staffordshire.^[7]

Neville's widow remarried, on 25 April 1472, as his second wife, Sir William Norreys of Yattendon.^[13]

Ancestry

Notes

References

• Cokayne, G.E. (1953). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XII, Part I. London: St Catherine Press. 
• Gunn, S.J. (1988). Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk c.1484-1545. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-15781-6. 
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381. 

External links

• C 1/134/67, National Archives. Plaintiffs: Adrian Fortescu, knight, and Anne, his wife, daughter and heir of Sir William Stonour, knight, and Anne, his wife; Elizabeth, lady Scrope; Margaret, late the wife of Sir John Mortymer, knight; and Lucy Browne, late the wife of Sir Anthony Browne, knight. Subject: Detention of deeds relating to lands not specified, late of John Nevyll, marquis of Montagu, and Isabel (Elizabeth), his wife, parents of the said Anne lady Stonour, Elizabeth, Margaret, and Lucy Retrieved 16 September 2013
• thepeerage.com page

Wars of the Roses
Red Rose of Lancaster White Rose of York Tudor Rose
Key figures	Monarchs of England Henry VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III Henry VII Lancastrian Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence Yorkist Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent Thomas Neville, Viscount Fauconberg
Battles	Lancastrian victories Battle of Ludford Bridge Battle of Wakefield Second Battle of St Albans Battle of Ferrybridge (Indecisive) Battle of Edgecote Moor Battle of Bosworth Field Battle of Stoke Field Yorkist victories First Battle of St Albans Battle of Blore Heath Battle of Sandwich Battle of Northampton Battle of Mortimer's Cross Battle of Ferrybridge (Indecisive) Battle of Towton Battle of Hedgeley Moor Battle of Hexham Battle of Lose-coat Field Battle of Barnet Battle of Tewkesbury
See also	Act of Accord Percy–Neville feud Issue of Edward III of England
Book:Wars of the Roses Category:Wars of the Roses Portal:England / Monarchy