James Lawrence Orr

James Orr
United States Ambassador to Russia
In office December 12, 1872 – May 5, 1873
President	Ulysses Grant
Preceded by	Andrew Curtin
Succeeded by	Marshall Jewell
73rd Governor of South Carolina
In office November 29, 1865 – July 6, 1868
Lieutenant	W. D. Porter
Preceded by	Benjamin Perry
Succeeded by	Robert Scott
Confederate States Senator from South Carolina
In office February 18, 1862 – May 10, 1865
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Constituency abolished
22nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office December 7, 1857 – March 3, 1859
President	James Buchanan
Preceded by	Nathaniel Banks
Succeeded by	William Pennington
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 5th district
In office March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1859
Preceded by	Armistead Burt
Succeeded by	John Ashmore
Chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs
In office March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855
Preceded by	Robert Ward Johnson
Succeeded by	Benjamin Pringle
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853
Preceded by	Richard Simpson
Succeeded by	William Aiken
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Pendleton District
In office November 25, 1844 – November 27, 1848
Personal details
Born	(1822-05-12)May 12, 1822 Craytonville, South Carolina
Died	May 5, 1873(1873-05-05) (aged 50) St. Petersburg, Russia
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	University of Virginia
Military service
Allegiance	Confederate States of America
Service/branch	Confederate States Army
Years of service	1861–1862
Unit	1st South Carolina Rifle Regiment (Orr's Rifles)
Battles/wars	American Civil War

James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822 – May 5, 1873) was an American politician who served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in the United States Congress.^[1] He later served in the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War and was the 73rd Governor of South Carolina.

Biography

Orr was born at Craytonville, South Carolina located in Anderson County, South Carolina. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1841 and became an attorney. He served as a Democratic Congressman from South Carolina from 1849 to 1859, serving as the Speaker of the House from 1857 to 1859. Orr was an advocate of states' rights who used his position to assist those persons who promoted the continuation of slavery. He foresaw the consequences of the decision by South Carolina to attempt to secede from the Union, but he remained loyal to his State. He was one of the three commissioners sent to Washington, D.C. to negotiate the transfer of federal property to South Carolina; the failure of these negotiations led directly to the bombardment of one of the highest-profile federal assets within South Carolina, Fort Sumter.

After Fort Sumter and the outbreak of the American Civil War, Orr organized and commanded Orr's Regiment of South Carolina Rifles, which saw little action before he resigned in 1862 and entered the Confederate Senate. The regiment continued to bear his name throughout the war and fought in some of the most prominent battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. In the Confederate Senate, he remained a strong proponent of states' rights.

At the end of the war, Orr was elected governor and served from 1865 until the passage of a new state constitution in 1868.

In 1872 President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Orr as Minister to Russia in a gesture of post-Civil War reconciliation.

Orr died in St. Petersburg, Russia shortly after arriving to begin his service as Minister. He was interred in the First Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Anderson, South Carolina.

References

External links

James Lawrence Orr at Find a Grave

Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Muhlenberg Trumbull Dayton Sedgwick Macon Varnum Clay Cheves Taylor Barbour Stevenson Bell Polk Hunter White Jones Davis Winthrop Cobb Boyd Banks Orr Pennington Grow Colfax Pomeroy Blaine Kerr Randall Keifer Carlisle Reed Crisp Henderson Cannon Clark Gillett Longworth Garner Rainey Byrns Bankhead Rayburn Martin McCormack Albert O'Neill Wright Foley Gingrich Hastert Pelosi Boehner Ryan

Confederate States Senators
Class 1	Baker (Fla.) Clark (Mo.) Clay (Ala.) Davis (N. C.) Graham (N. C.) H. Johnson (Ga.) R. Johnson (Ark.) Lewis (Ga.) Phelan (Miss.) Reade (N. C.) Simms (Ky.) Toombs (Ga.) Vest (Mo.) Walker (Ala.) Watson (Miss.)
Class 2	Barnwell (S. C.) Brown (Miss.) Caperton (Va.) Dortch (N. C.) Henry (Tenn.) W. Johnson (Mo.) Maxwell (Fla.) Peyton (Mo.) Preston (Va.) Semmes (La.) Wigfall (Tex.)
Class 3	Burnett (Ky.) Garland (Ark.) Haynes (Tenn.) Hill (Ga.) Hunter (Va.) Jemison (Ala.) Mitchel (Ark.) Oldham (Tex.) Orr (S. C.) Sparrow (La.) Yancey (Ala.)

Governors of South Carolina
J. Rutledge Lowndes J. Rutledge Mathews Guerard Moultrie T. Pinckney C. Pinckney Moultrie Vanderhorst C. Pinckney E. Rutledge Drayton J. Richardson P. Hamilton C. Pinckney Drayton Middleton Alston D. Williams A. Pickens Geddes Bennett Wilson Manning I Taylor Miller J. Hamilton Hayne McDuffie Butler Noble Henagan Richardson II Hammond Aiken Johnson Seabrook Means J. Manning Adams Allston Gist F. Pickens Bonham Magrath Perry Orr Scott Moses Chamberlain Hampton Simpson Jeter Hagood Thompson Sheppard Richardson III Tillman Evans Ellerbe McSweeney Heyward Ansel Blease Smith Manning III Cooper Harvey McLeod Richards Blackwood Johnston Maybank Harley Jefferies Johnston R. Williams Thurmond Byrnes Timmerman Hollings Russell McNair West Edwards Riley Campbell Beasley Hodges Sanford Haley McMaster (Designate)