Israel Gelfand

Not to be confused with Alexander Gelfond.
This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Moiseevich and the family name is Gelfand.
Israïl Moiseevich Gelfand
Born (1913-09-02)September 2, 1913
Okny, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire
Died October 5, 2009(2009-10-05) (aged 96)
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Nationality Soviet Union
Russian
Fields Mathematician
Institutions Moscow State University
Rutgers University
Alma mater Moscow State University
Doctoral advisor Andrey Kolmogorov
Doctoral students Georgy Adelson-Velsky
Felix Berezin
Joseph Bernstein
Victor Ginzburg
Alexander Goncharov
Alexandre Kirillov
Georgiy Shilov
Endre Szemerédi
Andrei Zelevinsky
Vitalii Ditkin
Known for Group Theory, Representation Theory, mathematical analysis
Notable awards Order of Lenin (three times)
Wolf Prize (1978)
Wigner Medal (1980)
Kyoto Prize in Mathematical sciences (1989)
AMS Steele Prize (2005)

Israel Moiseevich Gelfand, also written Israïl Moyseyovich Gel'fand, or Izrail M. Gelfand (Yiddish: ישראל געלפֿאַנד, Russian: Изра́иль Моисе́евич Гельфа́нд; 2 September [O.S. 20 August] 1913 – 5 October 2009) was a Soviet mathematician who is regarded to be a prominent mathematician of the 20th century. He made significant contributions to many branches of mathematics, including group theory, representation theory and functional analysis. The recipient of many awards, including the Order of Lenin and the Wolf Prize, he was a Fellow of the Royal Society and an academic, serving as a professor at Moscow State University and, after immigrating to the United States shortly before his 76th birthday, at the Busch Campus of New Jersey's Rutgers University.

He taught students through his seminar at Moscow State University. His legacy continues in the mathematicians who were his students, such as Endre Szemerédi, Alexandre Kirillov, Edward Frenkel,[1] Joseph Bernstein, as well as his own son, Sergei Gelfand.

Early years

A native of Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire, Gelfand was born into a Jewish family in the small southern Ukrainian town of Okny. According to his own account, Gelfand was expelled from high school because his father had been a mill owner. Bypassing both high school and college, he proceeded to postgraduate study at Moscow State University, where his advisor was the preeminent mathematician Andrei Kolmogorov. He nevertheless managed to attend lectures at the University and began postgraduate study at the age of 19.[2]

Work

Gelfand is known for many developments including:

Influence outside of mathematics

The Gelfand–Tsetlin basis (also in the common spelling Zetlin) is a widely used tool in theoretical physics and the result of Gelfand's work on the representation theory of the unitary group and Lie groups in general.

Gelfand also published works on biology and medicine.[4] For a long time he took an interest in cell biology and organized a research seminar on the subject.[5][6]

He worked extensively in mathematics education, particularly with correspondence education. In 1994, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship for this work.

Family

Gelfand was married to Zorya Shapiro, and their two sons, Sergei and Vladimir both live in the United States. A third son, Aleksandr, died of leukemia. Following the divorce from his first wife, Gelfand married his second wife, Tatiana. Gelfand and Tatiana became the parents of a daughter, Tatiana. The family also includes four grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.[7][8] The memories about I.Gelfand are collected at the special site[9] handled by his family.

Honors and awards

Gelfand held several honorary degrees and was awarded the Order of Lenin three times for his research. In 1977 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. He won the Wolf Prize in 1978, Kyoto Prize in 1989 and MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1994. He held the presidency of the Moscow Mathematical Society between 1968 and 1970, and was elected a foreign member of the U.S. National Academy of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Royal Irish Academy, the American Mathematical Society and the London Mathematical Society.

In an October 2003 article in The New York Times, written on the occasion of his 90th birthday, Gelfand is described as a scholar who is considered "among the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century",[10] having exerted a tremendous influence on the field both through his own works and those of his students.

Death

Israel Gelfand died at the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital near his home in Highland Park, New Jersey. He was less than five weeks past his 96th birthday. His death was first reported on the blog of his former collaborator Andrei Zelevinsky[11] and confirmed a few hours later by an obituary in the Russian online newspaper Polit.ru.[12]

Publications

See also

References

Notes

  1. Edward Frenkel (2013). "preface". Love and Math: The Heart of Hidden Reality. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465050741. One of my teachers, the great Israel Gelfand
  2. "Science Obituaries: Israel Gelfand". The Telegraph. London. 26 Oct 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  3. Gel'fand, I.M.; N.Ya.Vilenkin (1964), Generalized Functions, Academic Press, p. 375, ISBN 0-12-279504-0
  4. ru:Гельфанд, Израиль Моисеевич
  5. V.I. Agol, Notes about I.M. Gelfand’s Seminar, Russian Journal Developmental Biology, Volume 39, Number 6, 367-368.
  6. L.V. Beloussov, Short notes about Gelfand’s Seminar, Russian Journal Developmental Biology, Volume 39, Number 6, 369-370.
  7. Chang, Kenneth. "Israel Gelfand, Math Giant, Dies at 96", The New York Times (October 7, 2009)
  8. Stewart, Ian (November 8, 2009). "Israel Gelfand obituary". The Guardian. London.
  9. http://israelmgelfand.com/ site dedicated to Israel M. Gelfand
  10. Kochman, Marilyn. "In Person: An Equation for Success", The New York Times (October 5, 2003)
  11. (Russian) "Скончался И.М. Гельфанд" ("I.M. Gelfand has died"), accessed 2009-10-06
  12. "5 октября ушел из жизни выдающийся математик Израиль Моисеевич Гельфанд. "Эпоха Гельфанда ушла, но она продолжится в существующих поколениях" {"Renowned Mathematician Israil Moiseyevich Gelfand Departed on October 5. Gelfand's era has gone, but it shall continue in succeeding generations"}
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Guillemin, Victor (1980). "Review: Generalized functions, by I. M. Gel'fand and G. E. Shilov". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.). 3 (1, Part 1): 758–762. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-1980-14813-2.
  14. Catanese, Fabrizio (2000). "Review: Discriminants, resultants, and multidimensional determinants, by I. M. Gelfand, M. M. Kapranov, and A. V. Zelevinsky". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.). 37 (2): 183–198. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-99-00858-7.

Sources

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